In our previous study (Fukuda, R., Tokumura, M., Znad, H.T. and Kawase, Y., 2009, Vapour generation from the impellers in boiling stirred tank reactors. Chem Eng Res Des, 87: 452–459), it was found ...that in boiling stirred tanks with multiple impeller systems vapour was generated from the heater at lower impeller speeds and with an increase in impeller speed most vapour was generated from the top impeller rather than the lower impellers and the heater. The change of nucleation sites with the impeller speed might be controlled by the local liquid temperature. Therefore we measured the liquid temperature behind the impellers blades and found the decrease in liquid temperature with increasing impeller speed. In this paper, a simple model was developed to predict the change in liquid temperature behind the impeller blades in which nucleation takes place. In the proposed model based on the results for pressure distribution on the impeller blade in the literature, the liquid temperature behind the impeller blades is estimated from the measured power consumption. The validation of the proposed model was conducted using the experimental results in our previous study and reasonable agreement was obtained.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background:
CYP2C19 has an important role in the catabolism of several proton pump inhibitors. However, the relative contribution of CYP2C19‐mediated metabolism varies among the different proton pump ...inhibitors.
Aim:
To determine the effect of CYP2C19 genotype status on intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole.
Subjects and methods:
The subjects were 20 male volunteers without Helicobacter pylori infection. Their CYP2C19 genotype status was determined by a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Twenty‐four‐hour monitoring of intragastric acidity was performed three times: once without medication, once on the last day of a 7‐day course of rabeprazole, and once on the last day of a 7‐day course of lansoprazole.
Results:
Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their CYP2C19 genotype status: homozygous extensive metabolizers (homo‐EMs, n=7), heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetero‐EMs, n=9), and poor metabolizers (PMs, n=4). The median pH during rabeprazole administration was not influenced by CYP2C19 genotype. On the other hand, the median pH in PMs during lansoprazole dosing was higher than in homo‐EMs and hetero‐EMs. The percentage of time with pH < 4.0 had a similar tendency to that of median pH.
Conclusion:
CYP2C19 genotype status influences gastric acid suppression by lansoprazole, but not by rabeprazole.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Currently, the use of the internet is rapidly increasing, and thus, patients and their families have greater access to information on diseases and their cure. However, the credibility of such ...information has not been examined. This study aimed to examine the credibility of the websites that contained information on acute pain after abdominal operations. Of 75 websites that contained information about postoperative pain following laparotomy, four main topics (disclosure of basic information, contents, communication, and privacy) of the e-Health Code of Ethics 2.0 were evaluated on a scale of one to three, and results were analyzed using simple tabulation for each website; websites were classified as follows: general websites, personal websites, blogs, and bulletin boards. Although most bulletin boards disclosed basic information, the other types of websites did not do this adequately. Less than 50% of all types of websites disclosed basic information about contents and communication providers. In total, 45% of general websites ensured the objectivity, accuracy, and validity of the standard of medical information provided on the website, but only a few of the other types of websites ensured this. The acquirer and administrator for personal information was included in 50% or more of general websites and blogs but only in less than 10% of bulletin boards.
1 Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920 Japan
2 Department of Pharmacology
and 3 Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine
and 4 ...Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920
and 5 Research Laboratory Centre, Fukui Medical School, Fukui 910-11, Japan
The process of cell death caused by influenza virus infection in cultured MDCK and HeLa cells was analysed. This infection gave rise to nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation accompanied by chromosomal DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosomes. Chromosomal DNA fragmentation progressed concomitantly with cell lysis of MDCK cells and HeLa cells, producing high and low yields of virus particles, respectively, indicating that the extent of cell lysis was not proportional to the virus production. The endonuclease inhibitor zinc blocked DNA fragmentation in MDCK cells. Cycloheximide inhibited DNA fragmentation as well as cell lysis. Inhibition occurred when the drug was added to the medium within 2 h after infection but not efficiently at 4 h or later. Infection induced the Fas Ag gene, which encodes a possible apoptosis-mediating molecule, in the early infectious stage followed by the expression of Fas Ag on the cell surface. These results suggested that influenza virus infection causes apoptotic death of cultured cells, and their fate might be determined at an early stage of the infection by induction of an apoptotic gene.
Received 9 March 1993;
accepted 25 June 1993.
Purpose In Japan, the lack of caregivers is crucial: 380 thousand more caregivers are estimated to be required by 20251 . In order to come over such situation , both increase of the number of ...caregivers and improvement in quality of care is necessary. Another solution is introduction of various technologies. This paper describes the current status of research and development and implementation of robots for nursing care in Japan based on a literature survey. Method Journal papers and conference proceedings from 2012 to 2016 written in Japanese were searched on Google scholar by keywords 'nursing care' and 'robot' and classified into several research areas based on classification in the Japanese database of academic society ('Gakkai Meikan' organized by the Science Council of Japan, Japan Science Support Foundation, and Japan Science and Technology Agency). Results & Discussion 514 publications were retrieved: 136 publications in mechanical engineering (80 publications in robotics), 121 publications in clinical medicine (88 publications in rehabilitation), and 109 publications in informatics. The total number of publications showed a pronounced increase in 2015. During these five years, publications in cl inical medicine, especially in rehabilitation , and applied engineering increased, whereas publications in mechanical engineering, informatics, and electronics and electrical engineering decreased (Figure 1). It implies that research focus is moving gradually from development to use of robots in rehabilitation . For instance, 14 publications regarding the cyborg-type robot HAL (manufactured by Cyberdyne) retrieved in this survey mostly verified HAL's effect in rehabilitation. Now HAL has been approved as a medical device both domestically and abroad and is expected to be applied to rehabilitation more broadly. On the other hand, other empirical studies are still few in clinical medicine: most of publications only introduce the latest developments of robots. Information of robots has just started to be shared and pioneering institutions are now trying to utilize such new technology for their own purposes. Recently, many media reports treat other types of robots such as communication robots and they receive much attention in exhibitions. However, as is the case in rehabilitation, empirical studies are still few. For introduction of robots in older adults' daily lives other than rehabilitation, the latest information of robots should be provided to care recipients and caregivers, and further empirical studies should be accomplished on site to determine their needs. Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) run a large scale empirical study on communication robots this year, aiming to determine the needs of users, to improve usability and to reduce the production costs. The project is expected to facilitate introduction of communication robots into nursing facilities or to homes.
Many cancer cells are characterized by increased glycolysis and decreased respiration, even under aerobic conditions. The molecular mechanisms underlying this metabolic reprogramming are unclear. ...Here we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) negatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and O
2 consumption in renal carcinoma cells lacking the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL). HIF-1 mediates these effects by inhibiting C-MYC activity via two mechanisms. First, HIF-1 binds to and activates transcription of the
MXI1 gene, which encodes a repressor of C-MYC transcriptional activity. Second, HIF-1 promotes MXI-1-independent, proteasome-dependent degradation of C-MYC. We demonstrate that transcription of the gene encoding the coactivator PGC-1β is C-MYC dependent and that loss of PGC-1β expression is a major factor contributing to reduced respiration in VHL-deficient renal carcinoma cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We investigated seasonal variations of population structure and depth distribution ofCalanus sinicus in northern Kagoshima Bay. Animals were abundant during April to June whenchlorophyll a ...concentrations were high. Young copepodites or adults appeared over the seasons,however, copepodite stage 5 dominated when the population abundance was the lowest duringAugust 2009 and July 2010. We found little indication of seasonal vertical migration since alldevelopmental stages occurred above 50 m and below 100 m throughout the year. RNA:DNAratios revealed no significant decline throughout the year. These results suggest that Calanussinicus reproduces throughout the year and does not experience a deep-water dormancy period innorthern Kagoshima Bay.
Er3+ doped Y2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by enzymatic and polymer-assisted homogeneous co-precipitation methods. Resultant particle size is about 30–40 nm with narrow size distribution whereas ...the particle size is smaller than those acquired by conventional homogeneous and alkali precipitation methods. The particles shows bright green (550 nm) and red (660 nm) upconversion (UC) as well as near infrared (NIR) fluorescence (1550 nm) under 980 nm excitation. Bioimaging of M1 cells using the nanoparticles were successfully attempted. It is observed that 0.5 mg/ml of nanoparticles is the nominal concentration for bioimaging of M1 cells under the physiological conditions. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles is evidenced from bright field, UC and NIR fluorescence images of live M1 cells. Our studies suggest that lower concentration of nanoparticles is sufficient for imaging when the particles are taken in the M1 cells and also the concentration can keep the cells alive. Further it was demonstrated that under the physiological conditions, Y2O3 nanoparticles emit UC and NIR fluorescence in M1 cells even after the surface modification with PEG-b-PAAc polymer. Moreover, surface modified nanoparticles shows lower toxic effect in M1 cells while compare to bare nanoparticles.
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