Intercropping is one of the most vital practice to improve land utilization rate in China that has limited arable land resource. However, the traditional intercropping systems have many disadvantages ...including illogical field lay-out of crops, low economic value, and labor deficiency, which cannot balance the crop production and agricultural sustainability. In view of this, we developed a novel soybean strip intercropping model using maize as the partner, the regular maize-soybean strip intercropping mainly popularized in northern China and maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping principally extended in southwestern China. Compared to the traditional maize-soybean intercropping systems, the main innovation of field lay-out style in our present intercropping systems is that the distance of two adjacent maize rows are shrunk as a narrow strip, and a strip called wide strip between two adjacent narrow strips is expanded reserving for the growth of two or three rows of soybean plants. The distance between outer rows of maize and soybean strips are expanded enough for light use efficiency improvement and tractors working in the soybean strips. Importantly, optimal cultivar screening and increase of plant density achieved a high yield of both the two crops in the intercropping systems and increased land equivalent ratio as high as 2.2. Annually alternative rotation of the adjacent maize- and soybean-strips increased the grain yield of next seasonal maize, improved the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium of maize, while prevented the continuous cropping obstacles. Extra soybean production was obtained without affecting maize yield in our strip intercropping systems, which balanced the high crop production and agricultural sustainability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•A simple and efficient way for the extraction and purification of SB, TV and TG was obtained.•Oligostilbenes were obtained from with high purity in large-scale for the first ...time.•The total yields and extraction rates of SB, TV and TG were high.•PSS could be used as a main source of SB, TV and TG.
In this study, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the large-scale extraction, enrichment, and separation of suffruticosol B (SB), trans-ε-Viniferin (TV), trans-gnetin H (TG) from oil tree peony seeds shell (PSS) was successfully constructed. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), macroporous adsorption resin (MAR), and column chromatography (CC) were employed to extract, enrich and separate SB, TV and TG from PSS, and the conditions were optimized. The results implied that SB (1.6937 g), TV (0.5884 g) and TG (3.8786 g) with the purity of 99.67 %, 99.32 % and 98.54 %, respectively, were obtained after the extraction, enrichment and separation. The total yields of the SB, TV and TG were 0.61 mg/g, 0.02 mg/g and 6.64 mg/g with the total extraction rates at 70.55 %, 69.77 % and 78.36 %, respectively. This is the first report on the large-scale extraction, enrichment and separation of oligostilbenes. The SOP in this paper could produce high purity SB, TV and TG, and provide a new idea for PSS as a new oligostilbene resource. The study expands the new development and research field of PSS and provides theoretical support for the green utilization of oil tree peony.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microbes are often subjected to oxidative stress in nature that badly affects their growth rate and viability. Although the response of microbes against oxidative stress has been characterized at the ...chemical, physiological, and molecular levels, the mechanism of gene-regulation network adaptations of bacteria in response to oxidative stress remains largely unknown. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of glyphosate-tolerant
Enterobacter
strain
NRS-1
was analyzed under 9 mM H
2
O
2
stress using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The lag period in the growth of NRS-1 was very short compared with wild-type strain under H
2
O
2
treatment. A total of 113 genes are identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under H
2
O
2
that include 38 upregulated and 75 downregulated transcripts. But not any genes regulated by major oxidative regulons, viz.,
oxyR
,
soxR
,
rpoS
,
perR
,
ohrR
, and
σ
в
, have been reported in DEGs, hence potentially reflecting that specific changes have occurred in
NRS-1
for adaptation to oxidative stress. Based on the functions of the DEGs, six elements namely formate dehydrogenase, processes associated with iron ions, repair programs, multidrug resistance, antioxidant defense, and energy generation (
mqo
,
sdhC
) might have contributed for stress tolerance in
NRS-1
. These elements are proposed to form a molecular network explaining gene response of
NRS-1
to stress, and ensure global cell protection and growth recovery of
NRS-1
. These findings enrich the view of gene regulation in bacteria in response to H
2
O
2
oxidative stress.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Development of high-performance ionic organic network (ION) adsorbents is of great importance for water remediation. However, the research on IONs is still nascent, especially, the design philosophy ...regarding contaminant adsorption has rarely been explored. In this contribution, we optimized the adsorption efficiency of IONs by increasing the density of charged sites and improving their accessibility. We first produced a new cationic organic network (CON), CON-LDU4, with a high density of positive sites via synthesis from tetra(4-pyridyl)ethene. Compared to the analogue CON-LDU2 that synthesized from tetra(4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl)ethene, CON-LDU4 exhibited higher efficiency in adsorption of methyl blue, indicating that the higher ionic density results in the higher adsorption efficiency. To further improve the accessibility of the active sites, another new CON material (CON-LDU5) was synthesized by employing a hard template. CON-LDU5 exhibited a larger specific surface area than CON-LDU4, with clearly enhanced adsorption efficiency. Finally, CON-LDU5 was used to capture CrO4 2– ions in water with fast adsorption kinetics (k 2 = 0.0328 g mg–1 min–1) and high adsorption capacity (369 mg g–1).
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision making method called the neutrosophic data analytic hierarchy process (NDAHP) for the single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS). This method is an extension ...of the neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (NAHP) designed to handle actual datasets which consist of crisp values. The proposed NDAHP method uses an objective weighting mechanism whereas all other existing versions of the AHP, fuzzy AHP, and other fuzzy based AHP method in literature such as the NAHP and picture fuzzy AHP uses a subjective weighting mechanism to arrive at the decision. This makes the proposed NDAHP method effective as the weightage of the criteria which forms the input of the evaluation matrix are determined in an objective manner using actual data collected for the problem, and hence will not change according to the opinions of different decision makers which are subjective. The proposed NDAHP method is applied to a multi-criteria decision making problem related to the ranking of the financial performance of five public listed petrochemical companies trading in the main board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). Actual dataset of 15 financial indices for the five petrochemical companies for 2017 obtained from Yahoo! Finance was used in this paper. Following this, a brief comparative study is conducted to evaluate the performance of our NDAHP algorithm against the results of other existing SVNS-based decision making methods in the literature. The results are compared against actual results obtained from KLSE. To further verify the rankings obtained through each method, the Spearman and Pearson ranking tests are carried out on each of the decision making methods that are studied. It is proved that NDAHP produces the most accurate results, and this was further verified from the results of the Spearman and Pearson ranking tests.
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity. Most plants and microbes are sensitive to glyphosate. However, ...transgenic-resistant crops that contain a modified epsps obtained from the resistant microbes have been commercially successful and therefore, new resistance genes and their adaptive regulatory mechanisms are of great interest. In this study, a soil-borne, glyphosate-resistant bacterium was selected and identified as Enterobacter. The EPSPS in this strain was found to have been altered to a resistant one. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the glyphosate were screened using microarray techniques. Under treatment, argF, sdhA, ivbL, rrfA-H were downregulated, whereas the transcripts of speA, osmY, pflB, ahpC, fusA, deoA, uxaC, rpoD and a few ribosomal protein genes were upregulated. Data were verified by quantitative real-time PCR on selected genes. All transcriptional changes appeared to protect the bacteria from glyphosate and associated osmotic, acidic and oxidative stresses. Many DEGs may have the potential to confer resistance to glyphosate alone, and some may be closely related to the shikimate pathway, reflecting the complex gene interaction network for glyphosate resistance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Phytophthora sojae Kanfman and Gerdemann （P. sojae） is one of the most prevalent pathogens and causes Phytophthora root rot, which limits soybean production worldwide. Development of resistant ...cultivars is a cost-effective approach to controlling this disease. In this study, 127 soybean germplasm were evaluated for their responses to Phytophthora sojae strain Pm28 using the hypocotyl inoculation technique, and 49 were found resistant to the strain. The hypocotyl of P1, P2, F1, and F2：3 of two crosses of Ludou 4 （resistant）×Youchu 4 （susceptible） and Cangdou 5 （resistant）×Williams （susceptible） were inoculated with Pm28, and were used to analyze the inheritance of resistance. The population derived from the cross of Ludou 4×Youchu 4 was used to map the resistance gene （designated as Rps9） to a linkage group. 932 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect polymorphism, and seven SSR markers were mapped near the resistance gene. The results showed that the resistance to Pm28 in Ludou 4 and Cangdou 5 was controlled by a single dominant gene Rps9, which was located on the molecular linkage group N between the SSR markers Satt631 （7.5 cM） and Sat_186 （4.3 cM）.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Detection of early neoplastic lesions is crucial for improving the survival rates of patients with gastric cancer. Optical enhancement mode 2 is a new image-enhanced endoscopic technique that offers ...bright images and can improve the visibility of neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to compare the detection of neoplastic lesions with optical enhancement mode 2 and white-light imaging (WLI) in a high-risk population.
In this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned to optical enhancement mode 2 or WLI groups. Detection of suspicious neoplastic lesions during the examinations was recorded, and pathological diagnoses served as the gold standard.
A total of 1211 and 1219 individuals were included in the optical enhancement mode 2 and WLI groups, respectively. The detection rate of neoplastic lesions was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (5.1% vs. 1.9%; risk ratio, 2.656 95% confidence interval, 1.630-4.330; p < 0.001). The detection rate of neoplastic lesions with an atrophic gastritis background was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (8.6% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). The optical enhancement mode 2 group also had a higher detection rate among endoscopists with different experiences.
Optical enhancement mode 2 was more effective than WLI for detecting neoplastic lesions in the stomach, and can serve as a new method for screening early gastric cancer in clinical practice.
United States National Library of Medicine (https://www.
gov), ID: NCT040720521.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•The rice (Oryza sativa L.) phosphate transporter gene OsPT6 was transferred into vegetable soybean.•Overexpression of OsPT6 enhanced phosphorus accumulation in T2 transgenic plants.•Better growth ...performance was observed in T2 transgenic plants under low phosphate stress.
Low phosphorus (P) availability is a major constraint in the growth and production of vegetable soybean. To improve P efficiency in vegetable soybean, a rice (Oryza sativa L.) phosphate transporter gene, OsPT6, was transferred into the vegetable soybean cultivar ‘NY-1001’ using an Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledonary-node transformation system. OsPT6 was driven by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in the binary vector pCAMBIA3301-OsPT6. Two independent fertile T0 transgenic plants (12PT6-1 and 12PT6-2) were obtained and confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analyses. The overexpression of the OsPT6 gene of the T2 transgenic plants was detected by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The tolerance of the T2 transgenic lines overexpressing OsPT6 to low concentrations of phosphate (low-Pi; 10μMPi) was evaluated by hydroponic culture using a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. The P contents in leaves, stems, and roots of the transgenic plants were significantly higher than those of the non-transformed (NT) plants under the concentrations of both low- and normal-Pi of standard Hoagland's nutrient solution. Under low-Pi stress, the transgenic plants grew better and exhibited significant increases in plant height, root length, root weight, number of pods and seeds, and seed weight per plant compared with the NT plants. Our data indicate that the overexpression of OsPT6 in transgenic vegetable soybean lines improves P accumulation and growth performance and thereby represents a promising approach for the improvement of P efficiency in vegetable soybean.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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