To develop consensus on patient characteristics and disease-related factors considered in deciding treatment approaches for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) based on ...real-world treatment patterns in 4 territories in Asia-Pacific.
A three-round modified Delphi involving a multidisciplinary panel of HN surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists was used. Of 41 panelists recruited, responses of 26 from Australia, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan were analyzed. All panelists had ≥five years' experience managing LA-HNSCC patients and treated ≥15 patients with LA-HNSCC annually.
All statements on definitions of LA-HNSCC, treatment intolerance and cisplatin dosing reached consensus. 4 of 7 statements on unresectability, 2 of 4 on adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 7 of 13 on induction chemotherapy, 1 of 8 on absolute contraindications and 7 of 11 on relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin did not reach consensus. In all territories except Taiwan, high-dose cisplatin was preferred in definitive and adjuvant settings for patients with no contraindications to cisplatin; weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m
) preferred for patients with relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin. For Taiwan, the main treatment option was weekly cisplatin. For patients with absolute contraindications to cisplatin, carboplatin ± 5-fluorouracil or radiotherapy alone were preferred alternatives in both definitive and adjuvant settings.
This multidisciplinary consensus provides insights into management of LA-HNSCC in Asia-Pacific based on patient- and disease-related factors that guide selection of treatment modality and systemic treatment. Despite strong consensus on use of cisplatin-based regimens, areas of non-consensus showed that variability in practice exists where there is limited evidence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This work prepared a novel PdCu-coated Nb
30
Hf
35
Co
35
self-supported membrane by regulating the composition of the outermost catalytic film, and we report its performance in gas mixtures ...containing H
2
S for the first time. The results show that this membrane not only has higher pure H
2
permeation performance but also excellent H
2
S resistance. At 120 ppm H
2
S in the feed, the permeability of this membrane is 1.6 × 10
–8
mol H
2
m
−1
s
−1
Pa
−0.5
at 673 K, which is 3.2 (8.1) times that of the Pd-coated counterpart (and pure Pd). Furthermore, this membrane can be stable for at least 240 h. By first-principles calculations, our results also showed that alloying Pd with Cu inhibits the formation of palladium sulphide (e.g., Pd
4
S), thus providing more activating active sites for hydrogen adsorption and dissociation. This could be the main reason for the improvement of hydrogen permeability of PdCu-coated composite membranes in an H
2
S atmosphere. This study suggests that appropriately adjusting the type or composition of the catalytic layer is an effective method to alleviate membrane H
2
S poisoning, an aspect not widely studied in 5B group alloys.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•This research develops an integrated simulation-optimization method (ISOM).•It couples the eutrophication model, water allocation and trophic status assessment.•ISOM is solved by a surrogate-based ...genetic algorithm for saving computing time.•It is used to inter-basin water transfer management for restoring a eutrophic lake.•Results indicate that optimal water transfer schemes can mitigate the trophic state.
This research developed an integrated simulation-optimization method (ISOM). This model incorporated eutrophication modeling, water resource allocation and trophic status assessment within a general modeling framework. In ISOM, the simulation effort i.e. environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) was used to forecast the concentration of water quality variables to evaluate the lake trophic status under various conditions, while the optimization studies were used to identify the optimal water transfer strategies from a number of alternatives. To solve the model, a surrogate-based genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed in which the support vector regression (SVR) was used to create a set of easy-to-use and rapid-response surrogates for identifying the functional relationships between water transfer and lake trophic status. By replacing the EFDC and the corresponding trophic state index (TSI) equations with the surrogates, the computation efficiency could be improved. The developed ISOM was applied to the inter-basin water transfer management of the Niulanjiang-Dianchi Water Transfer Project (NDWTP) to support the eutrophication restoration of Lake Dianchi. Optimal water transfer schemes for three different remediation durations were generated from the model. The results demonstrated that NDWTP could exert a positive influence on the ecology and environment of Lake Dianchi, and that the trophic level for the Lake Dianchi could be effectively mitigated through the adoption of optimal water transfer schemes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Energy drinks can contain H2O2 that is shelf-stable and increases after opening.•Ascorbic acid is a key driver of H2O2 production in formulated beverages.•Production of H2O2 by ascorbic acid was ...confirmed by cyclic voltammetry.•Mixtures of ‘anti-oxidants’ in formulated beverages can drive autoxidation.•Products of autoxidation in foods and beverages should be monitored.
Recently, autoxidation mediated by ascorbic acid (AA) and other ingredients, has been implicated in generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in so-called Energy beverages. Here, we report the use of cyclic voltammetry and the FOX assay to monitor at short and long incubation times, respectively, the production and stability of H2O2 generated by AA and redox-active ingredients. Levels of H2O2 in Energy drinks (36.5 ± 4.0 µM at 4 °C and 64.2 ± 7.6 µM at 20 °C) were found to be stable or increased (p < 0.05) upon vessel opening. A predictive model for the production of H2O2 as a function of AA concentration, temperature and incubation time, and depending on ingredients present, indicated that H2O2 peaked at 91–726 µM after 1 day and declined to ∼ 42–60 µM (4 °C) or zero after ∼10 days. The research supports that levels of H2O2 in beverages containing anti-oxidant mixtures and dissolved oxygen should be monitored and formulations modified to avoid AA autoxidation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) are promising materials for high-temperature structural applications. Here, we investigate the role of short-range ordering (SRO) on dislocation ...glide in the MoNbTi and TaNbTi RMPEAs using a multi-scale modeling approach. Monte carlo/molecular dynamics simulations with a moment tensor potential show that MoNbTi exhibits a much greater degree of SRO than TaNbTi and the local composition has a direct effect on the unstable stacking fault energies (USFEs). From mesoscale phase-field dislocation dynamics simulations, we find that increasing SRO leads to higher mean USFEs and stress required for dislocation glide. The gliding dislocations experience significant hardening due to pinning and depinning caused by random compositional fluctuations, with higher SRO decreasing the degree of USFE dispersion and hence, amount of hardening. Finally, we show how the morphology of an expanding dislocation loop is affected by the applied stress.
In this study, effects of the slip ratio and contact pressure on the evolution of wear and damage of CL60 wheel material were explored using an MJP-30A wheel-rail rolling-wear and contact fatigue ...testing machine. Wear maps and damage mechanism maps of wheel material under both dry and wet conditions were constructed. Based on the wear rates of the wheel rollers, the wear map of CL60 wheel material under dry conditions was divided into three areas: mild wear area, severe wear area and catastrophic wear area. While, the wear map under wet condition was divided into two areas: ultra mild wear area and mild wear area. Through the damage mechanism maps, it could be observed that the surface damage transforms from pitting to delamination under dry condition and the peeling damage was gradually aggravated with the increase in slip ratio and contact pressure. Under the wet condition, plowing damage was predominant and delamination damage gradually occurred with the increase in slip ratio and contact pressure.
•Based on the wear rates, the wear mapping of CL60 wheel material is constructed under both dry and wet conditions.•The damage mechanism mapping is built based on the damage characteristics.•The wear and damage of wheel material under wet condition are milder than those under dry condition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic activity of raspberry ketone glucoside (RKG) and further explore the specific molecular mechanisms by which RKG affects melanogenesis.
The B16F10 ...cells model, the mushroom tyrosinase model and the zebrafish model were used to assess the whitening activity of RKG. We subsequently identified possible pathways related to RKG inhibition of melanogenesis by RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR on the zebrafish model, and further explored the effects of key genes on the pathway on the melanogenic effect of RKG by using related pathway inhibitors and Tg mpeg: EGFP transgenic zebrafish line.
RKG could noticeably inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 cells in vitro and on zebrafish in vivo. The RNA-Seq analysis and the qRT-PCR in zebrafish embryos indicated that the inhibition of melanogenesis by RKG could be achieved by activating JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway and inhibiting the expression levels of the MITFa, TYR, TYRP1a genes directly associated with melanogenesis. The inhibitor tests revealed that the inhibitory effect of the RKG on melanogenesis was restored by the IL6, JAK1/2, and STAT3 inhibitors, specifically STAT3 inhibitor. We further examine the relationship between the JAK1/STAT3 signal pathway and the MITFa. The achieved results indicate that the RKG could activate the zebrafish macrophages via the JAK1, but the inhibition of macrophage activation by loganin did not affect the anti-pigmentation effect of the RKG.
RKG showed remarkable whitening activity on both B16F10 cells in vitro and zebrafish model in vivo. Furthermore, RKG could inhibit melanogenesis by activating the IL6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of MITFa, and its downstream expression levels of the TYR and TYRP1a genes.
The research aims to study the effect of leading edge protuberances on the blade performance at the stall region of the small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with variable rotational speed. ...Experiments were carried out for the blades with smooth leading edge (baseline) as well as some comparative models with leading edge protuberances characterized by different sinusoidal amplitudes and wavelengths. The experiments were performed for the 3D static models to obtain the lift/drag coefficients. Additionally, rotor-blade models of the HAWT system were also tested separately to consider the rotation effect. From the experiments, the results indicated that the protuberant blades with smaller amplitudes possess better performance at the stall region as compared with the baseline model.
The research aims to study the effect of leading edge protuberances on the blade performance at the stall region of the small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with variable rotational speed. Experiments were carried out for the blades with smooth leading edge (baseline) as well as some comparative models with leading edge protuberances characterized by different sinusoidal amplitudes and wavelengths. From the experiments, the results indicated that the protuberant blades with smaller amplitudes possess better performance at the stall region as compared with the baseline model.
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•Experiments were performed to study the protuberance effect on a variable-speed HAWT .•This paper reports the effects of sinusoidal protuberances on the Cp of the HAWT blade.•Protuberances will increase the lift/drag ratios for static tests of 3D models under negative angles of attack.•The blade with larger amplitude and smaller wavelength for the sinusoidal protuberances will perform worse.•The Cp at the stall region (with low tip ratios) is effectively improved by the sinusoidal protuberances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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