Abstract
When the next galactic core-collapse supernova
occurs, we must be ready to obtain as much
information as possible. Although many present and
future detectors are well equipped to detect
ν
e
...and ν
x
neutrinos, the detection of the
ν
e
species presents the biggest challenges. We
assess the impact that a 1 ktonne
lead-based detector, such as HALO-1kT, can have in
constraining electron neutrino time-integrated
fluxes. The study involves the detector taken alone
as well as when combined with massive
ν
e
-sensitive detectors such as Super-Kamiokande
and JUNO. We find that HALO-1kT alone is not
able to strongly constrain the emission parameters.
When combined with other detectors, however, the
orthogonal information might be helpful in
improving the ν
e
total emitted energy and mean
energy accuracy, up to about 50%, if no other
ν
e
-sensitive channel is implemented. A
discussion on the reconstruction of ν
e
and
ν
x
species, as well as the total emitted
energy, is also presented.
Abstract
We present the analysis and results of the first dataset
collected with the MARS neutron detector
deployed at the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) for the ...purpose of
monitoring and characterizing the beam-related neutron (BRN) background
for the COHERENT collaboration. MARS was positioned
next to the COH-CsI coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering detector
in the SNS basement corridor. This is the basement location of
closest proximity to the SNS target and thus, of highest neutrino flux,
but it is also well shielded from the BRN flux by infill concrete
and gravel. These data show the detector registered roughly one BRN per day.
Using MARS' measured detection efficiency, the incoming
BRN flux is estimated to be 1.20 ± 0.56 neutrons/m^2/MWh
for neutron energies above ∼3.5 MeV and up to a few tens of MeV.
We compare our results with previous BRN measurements in the SNS basement corridor
reported by other neutron detectors.
Introduction to neutrino astronomy Gallo Rosso, A.; Mascaretti, C.; Palladino, A. ...
European physical journal plus,
07/2018, Volume:
133, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
.
This paper is an introduction to neutrino astronomy, addressed to astronomers and written by astroparticle physicists. While the focus is on achievements and goals of neutrino astronomy, rather ...than those of particle physics, we will introduce the particle physics concepts needed to appreciate those aspects that depend on the peculiarity of the neutrinos. The material is selected --
i.e.
, not all achievements are reviewed-- and furthermore it is kept to an introductory level, but efforts are made to highlight current research issues.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
The next core-collapse supernova in the Milky Way or its satellites will represent a once-in-a-generation opportunity to obtain detailed information about the explosion of a star and provide ...significant scientific insight for a variety of fields because of the extreme conditions found within. Supernovae in our galaxy are not only rare on a human timescale but also happen at unscheduled times, so it is crucial to be ready and use all available instruments to capture all possible information from the event. The first indication of a potential stellar explosion will be the arrival of a bright burst of neutrinos. Its observation by multiple detectors worldwide can provide an early warning for the subsequent electromagnetic fireworks, as well as signal to other detectors with significant backgrounds so they can store their recent data. The supernova early warning system (SNEWS) has been operating as a simple coincidence between neutrino experiments in automated mode since 2005. In the current era of multi-messenger astronomy there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize sensitivity to science from the next galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. This document is the product of a workshop in June 2019 towards design of SNEWS 2.0, an upgraded SNEWS with enhanced capabilities exploiting the unique advantages of prompt neutrino detection to maximize the science gained from such a valuable event.
Abstract
The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ...and conducting other rare event searches.
The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system.
For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software.
The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system.
In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at ×10 and ×0.5 gain.
The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds.
Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within ∼30 s for live data quality monitoring and online analyses.
The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed ∼500 MB/s during calibration.
Livetime during normal operation exceeds 99% and is ∼90% during most high-rate calibrations.
The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.
We report on the technical design and expected performance of a 592 kg heavy-water-Cherenkov detector to measure the absolute neutrino flux from the pion-decay-at-rest neutrino source at the ...Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The detector will be located roughly 20 m from the SNS target and will measure the neutrino flux with better than 5% statistical uncertainty in 2 years. This heavy-water detector will serve as the first module of a two-module detector system to ultimately measure the neutrino flux to 2–3% at both the First Target Station and the planned Second Target Station of the SNS. This detector will significantly reduce a dominant systematic uncertainty for neutrino cross-section measurements at the SNS, increasing the sensitivity of searches for new physics.
The coralligenous build-ups located on the Mediterranean shelf in front of Marzamemi (SE Sicily, Italy) represent useful natural examples to use in studying the relationship between skeletal ...organisms and non-skeletal components in marine bioconstructions. Coralligenous build-ups are formed in open marine systems, and their comparison with coeval bioconstructions (biostalactites) of confined environments, like submarine caves, allows depicting the complex interactions between metazoans and microbial communities in the formations of recent bioconstructions in different Mediterranean settings. In this study, two coralligenous build-ups were characterized in terms of organisms and sediments involved in their formation. The framework mainly consists of coralline algae and subordinate bryozoans and serpulids. Sponges affect the general morphology of the bioconstructions both interacting with skeletonized organisms and through bioerosion activity. The micrite or microcrystalline calcite is present in minor amounts compared to other components that form the build-ups and consists of two types: autochthonous (in situ) and allochthonous (detrital). Fine autochthonous micrite mineralized directly inside the framework cavities and shows aphanitic or peloidal fabric, produced by organomineralization processes of soft sponge tissues and microbial metabolic activity, respectively. The detrital micrite occurring inside cavities derives from external sources or erosion processes of the bioconstructions themselves. This component has been classified as organic or inorganic based on the organic matter contents deduced by UV epifluorescence. A great quantity of sponges live in cavities of the coralligenous build-ups and compete with carbonatogenic bacteria for the same cryptic spaces, limiting the production of microbialites. The sharing of a similar relationship between sponges and microbial communities by coralligenous concretion and biotic crusts of particular submarine caves suggests that this competition is not habitat-specific. On the contrary, it may develop in a range of environmental settings, from open to cryptic systems, and could be used to clarify the role of metazoans vs. microbialites in palaeoecological reconstructions.
Understanding impurity transport in tokamak plasmas is crucial to control radiative losses and material migration in future magnetic fusion reactors. In this work we deploy the SolEdge2D-EIRENE code ...to model the boundary plasma in a WEST discharge, satisfactorily reproducing measurements of both upstream and divertor plasma conditions. The spatial distribution of oxygen, studied here as a representative light impurity, is compared to vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy measurements acquired with an oscillating line of sight. The simulation captures a key feature of the experiment, namely a factor of 2 higher oxygen brightness in the inner divertor region compared to the outer one. This spatial asymmetry in oxygen concentration is interpreted by analyzing the balance of friction forces and thermal gradient forces that the light impurity exchanges with the main plasma.
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