So far, pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are developing rapidly and have become a research hotspot in the scientific community. They are regarded as valuable resources ...with great potential for development in many fields, such as biomedicine, information multi‐level encryption, smart anti‐counterfeiting, and so on. Among them, a series of pure organic RTP polymer systems emerged at the right moment based on the excellent properties of polymers such as easy processing, low cost, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the huge molecular weight, long‐chain intertwined structure, and potential interactions with phosphors of polymers make them a focus for RTP emission. Herein, we describe the development history of this system in detail, explore the necessary factors for highly efficient emission from the phosphorescence emission process, and based on the dual effects of enhancing phosphorescence emission and shortening luminescence lifetime brought by heavy atoms, we summarize the internal mechanism and achievements of various researches from the perspective of heavy atom–containing and non‐heavy atom systems.
Pure organic room temperature phosphorescent polymers are divided into two categories. Phosphorescent dyes can be attached to the polymer chains by covalent bonds or blended with the polymers. The rigid network of polymers can suppress the nonradiative deactivation of triplet. Recent progress on organic room temperature phosphorescent polymers is comprehensively reviewed.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Objective
Metabolic signatures have emerged as valuable signaling molecules in the biochemical process of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To summarize and identify metabolic biomarkers in T2D, we ...performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between metabolites and T2D using high-throughput metabolomics techniques.
Methods
We searched relevant studies from MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Chinese databases (Wanfang, Vip, and CNKI) inception through 31 December 2018. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14.0 under random effect. Besides, bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore molecule mechanism by MetaboAnalyst and R 3.5.2.
Results
Finally, 46 articles were included in this review on metabolites involved amino acids, acylcarnitines, lipids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and others. Results of meta-analysis in prospective studies indicated that isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamate, alanine, valerylcarnitine (C5), palmitoylcarnitine (C16), palmitic acid, and linoleic acid were associated with higher T2D risk. Conversely, serine, glutamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine C18:2 decreased risk of T2D. Arginine and glycine increased risk of T2D in the Western countries subgroup, and betaine was negatively correlated with T2D in nested case-control subgroup. In addition, slight improvements in T2D prediction beyond traditional risk factors were observed when adding these metabolites in predictive analysis. Pathway analysis identified 17 metabolic pathways may alter in the process of T2D and metabolite-related genes were also enriched in functions and pathways associated with T2D.
Conclusions
Several metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with T2D have been identified, which provide valuable biomarkers and novel targets for prevention and drug therapy.
Gastric cancer is reported as one of the leading factors resulting in tumor-related death worldwide. However, the therapies to suppress gastric cancer are still limited and the emergence of drug ...resistance makes it necessary to develop new and effective anticancer drugs and combinational chemotherapy schemes. Liquiritin (LIQ) is a major constituent of Glycyrrhiza Radix, exhibiting various pharmacological activities, including anticancer. In this study, we investigated the role of LIQ in human gastric cancer cells with cisplatin (DDP) resistance. The findings suggested that LIQ, when applied in single therapy, could moderately inhibit the proliferation and migration of DDP-resistant gastric cancer cells, SGC7901/DDP. DDP and LIQ in combination induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest to suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, which were associated with the decrease of cyclin D1, cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and increase of p53 and p21. In addition, LIQ combined with DDP significantly induce apoptosis and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo through enhancing cleavage of caspase-8/-9/-3 and PARP, as well as LC3B and Beclin 1 expression. Significantly, the two drugs, when used in combination, prevented gastric cancer cell xenografts in nude mice in vivo. Together, the results revealed that application of DDP and LIQ in combination possessed a potential value against the growth of human gastric cancer with DDP resistance.
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•Polysaccharide film (CPFT) exhibited the well physical and mechanical properties.•CPFT was observed to have a complex structure.•CPFT possessed the excellent slow-releasing ability ...>CPFT showed the remarkable antioxidant, antiseptic and color protective activities.
The formation, properties and functions of a polysaccharide film (CPFT) were investigated. CPFT was created by loading TP into pectin and chitosan matrix by blending method. Comparing with control, the thickness and the water vapor permeability of CPFT were increased with the addition of TP, and the tensile strength of CPFT was reduced by 17% while its elongation at break was increased by 37%. Then, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that TP had interacted with the film substrates and might made CPFT more complex. Furthermore, CPFT showed the remarkable slow-release, antioxidant and antiseptic activities, which were all concentration-dependent. Moreover, the degeneration of color in fresh beef could be effectively inhibited by CPFT during the 8 days storage. All present results suggested that CPFT showed the potential value to be used as a functional edible polysaccharide film applied in food industries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Influences of structural characteristics of phenolic compounds on the properties of potato starch were investigated, and their effects on the quality, function, and digestion of potato starch noodles ...were further determined. All testing phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid PA, naringin NA, and tannic acid TA) exhibited the significant capability to modify the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch. The high amount of hydroxyl groups, the presence of glycoside structure, appropriate molecular size, and steric hindrance were beneficial to enhance their effects on potato starch. In addition, by changing the microstructure of starch hydrocolloids, PA, NA, and TA could affect the color, texture properties, and cooking properties of potato starch noodles. Meanwhile, PA and TA could endow potato starch noodles with remarkable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion of potato starch noodles was obviously inhibited by phenolic compounds, especially for TA. All present results suggested that structural characteristics of phenolic compounds affected their interaction affinity and combination degree with potato starch molecules, so as to modify the properties of starch and affect the quality, function, and digestion of starchy foods, which showed the valuable applications in food and chemical industries.
Practical Application
The property, function, and digestion characteristics of potato starch show the significant effects on the quality of potato starch products in food industry. In present study, the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch were modified by different phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid, naringin, and tannic acid) in varying degrees, whereas the quality, antioxidant activity, and digestion characteristic of potato starch noodles were modified by phenolic compounds with different structures. All results showed the potential application and interaction regularities of phenolic compounds as natural additives for potato starch processing in food industry.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Chinese government adjusted its national epidemic prevention and control policy in December 2022 after the worldwide declaration of COVID-19 as a common influenza. After the policy adjustment, ...there has been widespread infection in China, which has brought a lot of uncertainty to the lives and studies of Chinese university students. This study focused on the impact of the intolerance of uncertainty for COVID-19 (IUC) on the emotional and mental health of college students in China "Post-pandemic" age. This study examined the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) between IUC and mental health (MH). 1,281 university students in China were surveyed using the intolerance of uncertainty for COVID-19 scale, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and the mental health scale. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesis model, and it was shown that IUC had a significant negative effect on the MH of college students and a significant positive effect on the DER. DER had a significant negative effect on the MH, and DER had a complete mediation effect between IUC and MH. The findings of this study enrich our understanding of the influencing factors of mental health of university students under the background of post-epidemic in China, and provide practical reference for universities on how to prevent mental health problems under the current uncertain environment in China.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Theory and experiments support that plant invasions largely impact aboveground biodiversity and function. Yet, much less is known on the influence of plant invasions on the structure and function of ...the soil microbiome of coastal wetlands, one of the largest major reservoirs of biodiversity and carbon on Earth. We studied the continental‐scale invasion of Spartina alterniflora across 2451 km of Chinese coastlines as our model‐system and found that S. alterniflora invasion can largely influence the soil microbiome (across six depths from 0 to 100 cm), compared with the most common microhabitat found before invasion (mudflats, Mud). In detail, S. alterniflora invasion was not only positively associated with bacterial richness but also resulted in important biotic homogenization of bacterial communities, suggesting that plant invasion can lead to important continental scale trade‐offs in the soil microbiome. We found that plant invasion changed the community composition of soil bacterial communities across the soil profile. Moreover, the bacterial communities associated with S. alterniflora invasions where less responsive to climatic changes than those in native Mud microhabitats, suggesting that these new microbial communities might become more dominant under climate change. Plant invasion also resulted in important reductions in the complexity and stability of microbial networks, decoupling the associations between microbes and carbon pools. Taken together, our results indicated that plant invasions can largely influence the microbiome of coastal wetlands at the scale of China, representing the first continental‐scale example on how plant invasions can reshuffle the soil microbiome, with consequences for the myriad of functions that they support.
The continental‐scale invasion of Spartina alterniflora across China’s coastline was used as our model‐system to study the impact of plant invasions on the soil microbiome of blue carbon ecosystems. Plant invasion led to important trade‐offs in the soil microbiome by promoting bacterial richness, while resulting in biotic homogenization of bacterial communities. Plant invasion was further associated with an important reduction in the complexity and stability of microbial networks, and resulted in an important decoupling between soil microbes and carbon pools.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The effects and action mechanism of tea polyphenols (TP) on the quality of rapeseed oil during frying process were investigated. Results showed that compared with control, TP (0.04%, w/w) exhibited ...the remarkable ability to inhibit the deterioration of acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, viscosity, and color of frying oil. By using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, frying oil with TP showed the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (72.79%) and lower content of trans fatty acids (3.36%) than those of control. Meanwhile, frying oil with TP had a higher total phenolic content than control at the same frying time. In addition, the thermo gravimetric‐differential scanning calorimetry results showed that TP could increase the oxidation stability of rapeseed oil. Furthermore, according to the Fourier transform infrared and molecular dynamic simulation results, TP could reduce the breaking degree of = C–H bond, C–O–C bond, and C = C bond in oil molecules, and inhibit the oxidation of oil components by inhibiting the generation of free radicals and eliminating free radicals. All present results suggested that TP showed the potential value to be used for protecting the quality of oil during the frying process in food and chemical industries.
Practical Applications
The inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on the deterioration of quality of rapeseed oil during frying was found and the mechanism had also preliminarily interpretation. This work provided a method for monitoring the quality of fry oil and provided the theoretical basis for the use of tea polyphenols in frying.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The increasing concerns about health have led to a growing demand for high‐quality fried foods. The potential uses of Ligustrum robustum (Rxob.) Blume, a traditional tea in China, as natural ...additives to enhance the quality of starchy food during frying was studied. Results indicated that L. robustum polyphenols extract (LREs) could improve the quality of fried starchy food, according to the tests of color, moisture content, oil content, texture property, and volatile flavor. The in vitro digestion results demonstrated that LRE reduced the final glucose content from 11.35 ± 0.17 to 10.80 ± 0.70 mmol/L and increased the phenolic content of fried starch foods from 1.23 ± 0.04 to 3.76 ± 0.14 mg/g. The appearance and polarizing microscopy results showed that LRE promoted large starch bulges on the surface of fried starchy foods. Meanwhile, X‐ray diffraction results showed that LRE increased the intensity of characteristic diffraction peak of fried starch with a range of 21.8%–28%, and Fourier transform infrared results showed that LRE reduced the damage to short‐range order structure of starch caused by the frying process. In addition, LRE increased the aggregation of starch granules according to the SEM observation and decreased the enthalpy of starch gelatinization based on the differential scanning calorimetry results. The present results suggest that LREs have the potential to be utilized as a natural additive for regulating the quality of fried starchy food in food industries.
Practical Application
The enhancement of L. robustum polyphenols on the quality of starchy food during frying was found, and its mechanisms were also explored. This work indicated that L. robustum might be used as a novel economic natural additive for producing high‐quality fried foods.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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