Abstract Background An alternative treatment for low rectal cancer is the cylindrical technique. We aim to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing conventional abdominoperineal resection (APR) ...versus cylindrical APR. Methods A prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel controlled trial was conducted between January 2008 and December 2010. Sixty-seven patients with T3-T4 low rectal cancer were identified during the study period (conventional n = 32, cylindrical n = 35). Results Patients who received cylindrical APR had less operative time for the perineal portion ( P < .001), larger perineal defect ( P < .001), less intraoperative blood loss ( P = .001), larger total cross-sectional tissue area ( P < .001), similar total operative time ( P = .096), and more incidence of perineal pain ( P < .001). The local recurrence of the cylindrical APR group was improved statistically ( P = .048). Conclusions Cylindrical APR in the prone jackknife position has the potential to reduce the risk of local recurrence without increased complications when compared with conventional APR in the lithotomy position for the treatment of low rectal cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
• Betanin has been widely used as an additive for many centuries, and its use has increased because of its market application as an additive, high free radical scavenging activity, and safety, ...health-promoting properties.
• The main source of betanin is red beet, but many factors notably affect the yield of betanin from red beets. Betanin is not produced in cereal grains. Thus, developing biofortified crops with betanin is another alternative to health-promoting food additives.
• Here, rice endosperm was bioengineered for betanin biosynthesis by introducing three synthetic genes (meloS, BvDODA1S, and BvCYP76AD1S). The overexpression of these genes driven by rice endosperm-specific promoter established the betanin biosynthetic pathways in the endosperm, resulting in new types of germplasm – ‘Betanin Rice’ (BR). The BR grains were enriched with betanin and had relatively high antioxidant activity.
• Our results proved that betanin can be biosynthesized de novo in rice endosperm by introducing three genes in the committed betanin biosynthetic pathway. The betanin-fortified rice in this study can be used as a functional grain to promote health and as a raw material to process dietary supplements.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Tofacitinib (CP-690550), an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through blocking the signaling pathways of pro-inflammatory cytokines. ...However, recent evidence suggests that long-term tofacitinib treatment is associated with increased risk of infection (e.g. tuberculosis) in patients. In the present study, we illustrate that tofacitinib administration significantly reduced the survival rate of mice given lethal or sub-lethal dose challenge with Candida albicans. This was related to the ability of tofacitinib to reverse TNFα- and IFNγ-enhanced candidacidal activity of murine polymorph nuclear cells (PMNs) and also to suppress chemokine CXCL5 expression and PMN infiltration in the infected tissues of mice. More importantly, tofacitinib significantly antagonized the ability of TNFα, IFNγ and GM-CSF to boost human PMNs in phagocytosis and direct killing of C. albicans in vitro. It also down-regulated reactive oxygen production and neutrophil extracellular trap formation by human PMNs stimulated with yeast-derived β-glucans in the presence of TNFα, IFNγ or GM-CSF. Our data emphasizes a significantly increased risk for opportunistic fungal infection associated long-term tofacitinib treatment in humans, likely through antagonizing the PMN-boosting effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Currently, feed enzymes are primarily obtained through fermentation of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Although the manufacturing technology for feed enzymes has evolved rapidly, ...the activities of these enzymes decline during the granulating process and the cost of application has increased over time. An alternative approach is the use of genetically modified plants containing complex feed enzymes for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. We co‐expressed three commonly used feed enzymes (phytase, β‐glucanase, and xylanase) in barley seeds using the Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation method and generated a new barley germplasm. The results showed that these enzymes were stable and had no effect on the development of the seeds. Supplementation of the basal diet of laying hens with only 8% of enzyme‐containing seeds decreased the quantities of indigestible carbohydrates, improved the availability of phosphorus, and reduced the impact of animal production on the environment to an extent similar to directly adding exogenous enzymes to the feed. Feeding enzyme‐containing seeds to layers significantly increased the strength of the eggshell and the weight of the eggs by 10.0%–11.3% and 5.6%–7.7% respectively. The intestinal microbiota obtained from layers fed with enzyme‐containing seeds was altered compared to controls and was dominated by Alispes and Rikenella. Therefore, the transgenic barley seeds produced in this study can be used as an ideal feedstuff for use in animal feed.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Riboflavin (vitamin B
) is an essential nutrient for human health and body development. Riboflavin deficiency may increase the risk of some diseases (Thakur et al., 2017). Humans must regularly ...consume a sufficient amount of riboflavin, as this vitamin cannot be stored in the body. Data from the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance indicated that the riboflavin dietary intake of 85.9% of 14- to 17-year-old Chinese participants was below the estimated average requirement (Wang et al., 2017).
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Analogous to DNA methylation and histone modification, RNA modification, as another epigenetic layer, plays an important role in many diseases, especially in tumours. As the most common form ...of RNA modification, m
6
A methylation has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. m
6
A is catalysed by RNA methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP (writers), m
6
A is removed by the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 (erasers) and interacts with m6A-binding proteins, such as YT521-B homology (YTH) domain-containing proteins. This article reviews recent studies on methylation modification of m
6
A in gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pervasive environmental contamination due to the uncontrolled dispersal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) represents a substantial global health risk, demanding urgent intervention for the removal of ...this detrimental compound from affected sites and the promotion of ecological restoration. Conventional methodologies, however, are energy-intensive, susceptible to secondary pollution, and may inadvertently increase carbon emissions. In this study, a 2,4-DNT degradation module is designed, assembled, and validated in rice plants. Consequently, the modified rice plants acquire the ability to counteract the phytotoxicity of 2,4-DNT. The most significant finding of this study is that these modified rice plants can completely degrade 2,4-DNT into innocuous substances and subsequently introduce them into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, research reveals that the modified rice plants enable the rapid phytoremediation of 2,4-DNT-contaminated soil. This innovative, eco-friendly phytoremediation approach for dinitrotoluene-contaminated soil and water demonstrates significant potential across diverse regions, substantially contributing to carbon neutrality and sustainable development objectives by repurposing carbon and energy from organic contaminants.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nitrobenzene is widely present in industrial wastewater and soil. Biodegradation has become an ideal method to remediate organic pollutants due to its low cost, high efficiency, and absence of ...secondary pollution. In the present study, 10 exogenous genes that can completely degrade nitrobenzene were introduced into Escherichia coli, and their successful expression in the strain was verified by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and proteomic analysis. The results of the degradation experiment showed that the engineered strain could completely degrade 4 mM nitrobenzene within 8 h. The formation of intermediate metabolites was detected, and the final metabolites entered the E. coli tricarboxylic acid cycle smoothly. This process was discovered by isotope tracing method. Results indicated the integrality of the degradation pathway and the complete degradation of nitrobenzene. Finally, further experiments were conducted in soil to verify its degradation ability and showed that the engineered strain could also degrade 1 mM nitrobenzene within 10 h. In this study, engineered bacteria that can completely degrade nitrobenzene have been constructed successfully. The construction of remediation-engineered bacteria by synthetic biology laid the foundation for the industrial application of biological degradation of organic pollutants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) as a common industrial waste has been massively discharged into the environment with industrial wastewater. Due to its refractory degradation, high toxicity, and ...bioaccumulation, 2,4-DNT pollution has become increasingly serious. Compared with the currently available physical and chemical methods, in situ bioremediation is considered as an economical and environmentally friendly approach to remove toxic compounds from contaminated environment. In this study, we relocated a complete degradation pathway of 2,4-DNT into Escherichia coli to degrade 2,4-DNT completely. Eight genes from Burkholderia sp. strain were re-synthesized by PCR-based two-step DNA synthesis method and introduced into E. coli. Degradation experiments revealed that the transformant was able to degrade 2,4-DNT completely in 12 h when the 2,4-DNT concentration reached 3 mM. The organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were detected to prove the degradation of 2,4-DNT through the artificial degradation pathway. The results proved that 2,4-DNT could be completely degraded by the engineered bacteria. In this study, the complete degradation pathway of 2,4-DNT was constructed in E. coli for the first time using synthetic biology techniques. This research provides theoretical and experimental bases for the actual treatment of 2,4-DNT, and lays a technical foundation for the bioremediation of organic pollutants.
•The eight exogenous genes were introduced into Escherichia coli.•The engineered bacteria have the ability to completely degrade 2,4-dinitrotoluene.•The integrity of the degradation pathway was verified by isotope tracing method.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cobalt (Co) contaminants have posed a severe environmental problem in many countries. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technology for the remediation of ...these contaminants. However, the toxicity of TNT and cobalt limit the efficacy of phytoremediation application. The present research showed that expressing the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans single-strand DNA-binding protein gene (AfSSB) can improve the tolerance of Arabidopsis and tall fescue to TNT and cobalt. Compared to control plants, the AfSSB transformed Arabidopsis and tall fescue exhibited enhanced phytoremediation of TNT and cobalt separately contaminated soil and co-contaminated soil. The comet analysis revealed that the AfSSB transformed Arabidopsis suffer reduced DNA damage than control plants under TNT or cobalt exposure. In addition, the proteomic analysis revealed that AfSSB improves TNT and cobalt tolerance by strengthening the reactive superoxide (ROS) scavenging system and the detoxification system. Results presented here serve as strong theoretical support for the phytoremediation potential of organic and metal pollutants mediated by single-strand DNA-binding protein genes.
This is the first report that AfSSB enhances phytoremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and cobalt separately contaminated and co-contaminated soil.
•AfSSB transformed Arabidopsis and tall fescue enhances tolerance to TNT and cobalt.•SSBs transformed plants enhance phytoremediation of TNT and cobalt contaminated soil.•SSBs transformed plants enhance phytoremediation of TNT and cobalt co-contaminated soil.•AfSSB reducing DNA damage caused by TNT and cobalt.•AfSSB enhancing superoxide (ROS) scavenging system and detoxification system
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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