Our aim is to describe variations in the incidence rates of glomerular disease diagnosed by renal biopsies performed in Uruguay over the last 25 years in relation to sex, age, clinical presentation ...and histological diagnosis. We analyzed all renal biopsies performed in Uruguay during the 25 years period and estimated incidence rates per million people per year (pmp/yr) for the population older than 14 years. Mann Kendall's trend analysis was used to assess incidence trends. In order to identify changes in trends, we compared annual incidence rates with the Joinpoint method. From 1990 to 2014, 3390 biopsies of native kidneys corresponding to glomerular disease were performed in patients older than 14 years. The average biopsy rate was 58 per pmp/yr. The glomerular disease incidence rate increased progressively over the period (p<0.05). Trends analysis over five-year periods demonstrated a progressive increase of IgA nephropathy (3.08 pmp/yr 1990-1994 to 12.53 pmp/yr 2010-2014 p<0.05), membranous nephropathy (2.38 pmp/yr 1990-1994 to 8.04 pmp/yr 2010-2014 p< 0.05) and lupus nephritis (4,23 pmp/yr 1990-1994 to 7,81 pmp/yr 2010-2014 p<0.05). There was a change in the trend of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) which increased until 1996 and decreased afterwards. The incidence rates of glomerular disease have doubled globally in the last quarter of a century in Uruguay, mainly related to the increase of IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and lupus nephritis. There was a change in the slope of the incidence rate of FSGS.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common glomerulopathy worldwide and in Uruguay, raised treatment controversies. The study aimed to analyze long-term IgAN outcomes and treatment.
A retrospective ...analysis of a Uruguayan IgAN cohort, enrolled between 1985 and 2009 and followed up until 2020, was performed. The Ethics Committee approved the study. The inclusion criteria were (a) biopsy-proven IgAN; (b) age ≥12 years; and (c) available clinical, histologic, and treatment data. The patients were divided into two groups, with immunosuppressive (IS) or without (NoIS) treatment. Outcomes (end-stage kidney disease/kidney replacement therapy ESKD/KRT or all-cause death) were obtained from mandatory national registries.
The study population included 241 patients (64.7% men), median age 32 (19.5) years, baseline blood pressure <130/80 mmHg in 37%, and microhematuria in 67.5% of patients. Baseline proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and a higher crescent percentage were significantly more frequent in the IS group. Proteinuria improved in both groups. Renal survival at 20 years was 74.6% without difference between groups. In the overall population and in the NoIS group, bivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline proteinuria, endocapillary hypercellularity, tubule interstitial damage, and crescents were associated with a higher risk of ESKD/KRT or death, but in the IS group, proteinuria and endocapillary hypercellularity were not. In the multivariate Cox analysis, proteinuria in the NoIS group, crescents in the IS group and tubule interstitial damage in both groups were independent risk factors.
The IS group had more severe risk factors than the NoIS group but attained a similar outcome.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The traditional infusion of “yerba mate” is widely consumed in South America and exported to countries around the world. Although generally considered a “clear fluid”, there is no data to date on the ...gastric emptying time of yerba mate and safe preoperative fasting intervals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying time of a standardized infusion of yerba mate using bedside ultrasound and compare it with the time confirm of hot and cold tea.
This was a prospective, randomized crossover experimental study. Thirty healthy volunteers were evaluated after 8 hours of fasting for both fluids and solids. Gastric antral area and gastric volume were evaluated at baseline and every 20 minutes after drinking 300 mL of randomly assigned infusion of “yerba mate”, hot tea, or cold tea.
The mean gastric emptying time was: 69.7 ± 22.1 min, 63.1 ± 14.5 min, and 64.3 ± 23.5 min for the mate, hot tea, and cold tea respectively. No significant differences were found in emptying time among the infusion groups (p-value = 0.043). When same time measures were compared, the only significant difference detected was between hot teas and mate infusion at 20 minutes (p-value = 0.012)
Yerba mate infusion has a similar gastric emptying time to that of tea. All subject's gastric volume returned to baseline values by 100 minutes. It is reasonable to recommend a similar fasting period of 2 hours for mate infusion prior to elective surgery.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Resumen: El problema del cáncer es uno de los desafíos más relevantes de nuestra época. Como consecuencia de la transición demográfico-epidemiológica, el cáncer es actualmente una de las principales ...causas de muerte en el mundo y en Uruguay. Debido a que esta transición está aún en curso y con diferentes dinámicas alrededor del mundo, el problema del cáncer está cambiando en su escala y perfil. Se estima que el número de casos nuevos anuales pasará de alrededor de 14 millones en 2012 a más de 20 millones en 2030, y que casi dos tercios de esos casos ocurrirán en los países menos desarrollados. En tanto que estos últimos no cuentan con recursos similares a aquellos de los países desarrollados para enfrentar la enfermedad, esta situación plantea un desafío dramático para gobiernos y autoridades sanitarias. En Uruguay se diagnostican unos 13000 casos nuevos de cáncer (exceptuando al cáncer de piel distinto al melanoma), y más de 8000 pacientes mueren por esta enfermedad anualmente. Se examina, en particular, la situación epidemiológica de los cuatro tipos de cáncer más importantes: el cáncer de mama femenino, y los de próstata, pulmón y colo-recto, éstos dan cuenta de la mitad del total. Se analizan, además: el cáncer cervico-uterino y el cáncer de esófago. Las tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad por cáncer (todos los sitios reunidos) muestran un descenso sostenido en las últimas décadas. No obstante, Uruguay exhibe en general tasas de incidencia comparables al conjunto de los países desarrollados, pero tasas de mortalidad más elevadas.
Kidney biopsy registries all over the world benefit research, teaching and health policy. Comparison, aggregation and exchange of data is however greatly dependent on how registration and coding of ...kidney biopsy diagnoses are performed. This paper gives an overview over kidney biopsy registries, explores how these registries code kidney disease and identifies needs for improvement of coding practice.
A literature search was undertaken to identify biopsy registries for medical kidney diseases. These data were supplemented with information from personal contacts and from registry websites. A questionnaire was sent to all identified registries, investigating age of registries, scope, method of coding, possible mapping to international terminologies as well as self-reported problems and suggestions for improvement.
Sixteen regional or national kidney biopsy registries were identified, of which 11 were older than 10 years. Most registries were located either in Europe (10/16) or in Asia (4/16). Registries most often use a proprietary coding system (12/16). Only a few of these coding systems were mapped to SNOMED CT (1), older SNOMED versions (2) or ERA-EDTA PRD (3). Lack of maintenance and updates of the coding system was the most commonly reported problem.
There were large gaps in the global coverage of kidney biopsy registries. Limited use of international coding systems among existing registries hampers interoperability and exchange of data. The study underlines that the use of a common and uniform coding system is necessary to fully realize the potential of kidney biopsy registries.
Objetivos: estimar el riesgo de tuberculosis (TB) en pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal diálisis (TRR) y analizar la variación de la incidencia, su presentación clínica y pronóstico. Método: ...estudio retrospectivo desde 1995 a 2013. Los datos fueron extraídos del Registro Uruguayo de Diálisis y de la Comisión Honoraria para la Lucha Antituberculosa y Enfermedades Prevalentes (CHLA-EP). Se analizó la forma de diagnóstico, presentación clínica, prueba de tuberculina, evolución y mortalidad. Asimismo, se estudiaron variaciones de incidencia, riesgo y relación temporal con la terapia de reemplazo. Resultados: en 18 años, 10.516 pacientes recibieron diálisis crónica en Uruguay, y 13.083 casos de TB fueron diagnosticados. El 1,4% (n= 119) de todos los casos de TB en ese período fueron pacientes en TRR. La incidencia de TB en la población general en el período estudiado fue de 21 casos cada 100.000 pacientes/año (cp105) vs 212 cp105 en TRR. El riesgo de TB fue ocho veces mayor en TRR (SIR: 8, IC95% 6,5-9,3). El tiempo medio de TRR al momento del diagnóstico fue de cuatro años (0 a 20), el 37,8% de los casos sucedieron en los dos primeros años de TRR; sin embargo, la incidencia se incrementó significativamente luego de los nueve años de TRR. La letalidad en la población general relacionada TB fue de 10,3%, siendo esta cifra duplicada en la población en TRR (23,5%). Conclusiones: el riesgo de TB en TRR es mayor y su mortalidad duplica la de la población general.
Because of their rarity in men, systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis (LN) are poorly understood in men. Our aim was to analyze the clinical presentation and course of histology-proven ...systemic lupus erythematous and LN in males and to determine the risk factors for progression to end-stage renal disease.
Fifty patients from 2 historical cohorts in Spain (Hospital 12 de Octubre) and Uruguay were retrospectively analyzed and compared with a female cohort matched for age and disease characteristics.
The median age at the time of renal biopsy was 27 years (range, 8-79 years). The main forms of presentation were nephrotic syndrome in 26 of 50 patients (52%), and class IV LN in 34 of 50 (68%). After treatment, 21 patients (45.6%) achieved complete renal remission. During follow-up, 12 patients required renal replacement therapy, and 3 patients died of infectious causes. When patients who required renal replacement therapy were compared with those who did not require it, several parameters showed significant differences (
< 0.05) at the time of renal biopsy: estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min, hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, and concomitant visceral involvement (neurologic, cardiovascular, and/or pulmonary). In the multivariate analysis, only estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min persisted as a risk factor for progression to end-stage renal disease. When compared with a cohort of female patients with LN, there were no significant differences in remission or renal survival.
LN in males usually presents as nephrotic syndrome, and type IV LN is the most frequent form. An estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min at the time of renal biopsy is associated with poor renal outcomes. There were no differences in remission or progression of LN in males when compared with a cohort of female patients with LN.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
La duración de la carrera de medicina en la Universidad de la República, Uruguay, se redujo un año al modificarse el plan de estudios. Estudiantes que cursaron el novel y el antiguo plan rindieron ...sincrónicamente un concurso previo a la práctica preprofesional, graduándose simultáneamente. Este trabajo indagó sobre las potenciales derivaciones de cursar uno u otro plan, como forma de obtener insumos para la evaluación del plan de estudios actual y de los programas de becas, a fin de proyectar estrategias de mejora. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo cuantitativo analizando el desempeño, la retención y el rezago estudiantil en relación con el plan cursado, atributos sociodemográficos y el usufructo de becas. Los graduados con rezago tuvieron peor desempeño al final de la carrera que los graduados en tiempo, independientemente del plan. El rezago se asoció al perfil sociodemográfico. El 23.7% de los graduados usufructuó alguna beca durante su carrera. Los becados presentaron niveles educativos parentales inferiores y procedieron en mayor proporción del interior del país que el total de graduados. Se concluye que: a) la desvinculación y el rezago académico tienen lugar en ambos planes; b) cursar con rezago afecta negativamente el desempeño en etapas finales de la carrera, vinculándose con el perfil sociodemográfico y no con cursar un plan de estudios u otro y c) las políticas institucionales de becas remedian parcialmente este hecho favoreciendo la retención y graduación.
Uruguay has the highest colorectal cancer incidence rates in Latin America. Previous studies reported a stable incidence and a slight increase in mortality among males. We aimed to assess colorectal ...cancer incidence (2002-2017) and mortality trends (1990-2017) by age groups and sex, using data from the National Cancer Registry. Annual percent changes (APCs) were estimated using joinpoint regression models. We included 27,561 colorectal cancer cases and 25,403 deaths. We found an increasing incidence among both males and females aged 40-49, with annual increases of 3.1% (95%CI: 1.21-5.03) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.49-3.66), respectively, and an increasein the rate in older males (70+) of 0.60% (95%CI: 0.02-1.20) per year between 2002 and 2017. Mortality remained stable among those younger than 50, whereas it decreased for older females aged 50-69 and 70+ (APC: -0.61% (-1.07-0.14) and -0.68% (-1.02-0.34), respectively), and increased for the oldest males (70+; APC: 0.74 (0.47-1.01)). In conclusion, we found rising colorectal cancer incidence accompanied by stable mortality in young adults. Sex disparities were also found among the older adults, with a more favorable pattern for females. Exposures to dietary and lifestyle risk factors, and inequalities in access to and awareness of screening programs, are probably among the main underlying causes and deserve further investigation.
PDF
