The interaction of the physiological medium and living tissues with the implant surfaces in biological environments is regulated by biopotentials that induce changes in the chemical composition, ...structure and thickness of the oxide film. In this work, oxide films grown on CoCr alloys at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl and 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl have been characterized through overall and localized electrochemical techniques in a phosphate buffer solution and 0.3% hyaluronic acid. Nanopores of 10–50nm diameter are homogeneously distributed along the surface in the oxide film formed at 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl. The distribution of the Constant Phase Element studied by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a three-dimensional (3D) model on the oxide films grown at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl and 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl. This behaviour is especially noticeable in oxide films grown at 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl, probably due to surface inhomogeneities, and resistive properties generated by the potentiostatic growth of the oxide film.
•High potentials in an oxide film on CoCr surfaces induce change in CPE distribution.•CPE distribution of CoCr surfaces after applying high potentials agrees with 3D model.•Oxide films grown on CoCr follow a closely Ohmic behaviour with graded thickness.•Potentials at 0.7 Vvs Ag/AgCl cause nanostructural change in oxide surfaces.•Nanopores of 10–50nm diameter are formed along surface at 0.7 Vvs Ag/AgCl.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Update on genetics of essential tremor Jiménez-Jiménez, F. J.; Alonso-Navarro, H.; García-Martín, E. ...
Acta neurologica Scandinavica,
12/2013, Volume:
128, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Despite the research, few advances in the etiopathogenesis on essential tremor (ET) have been made to date. The high frequency of positive family history of ET and the observed high concordance rates ...in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins support a major role of genetic factors in the development of ET. In addition, a possible role of environmental factors has been suggested in the etiology of ET (at least in non‐familial forms). Although several gene variants in the LINGO1 gene may increase the risk of ET, to date no causative mutated genes have been identified. In this review, we summarize the studies performed on families with tremor, twin studies, linkage studies, case–control association studies, and exome sequencing in familial ET.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
We compared the effects of consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-enriched tomato juice versus plain tomato juice on the serum lipid profile and levels of biomarkers related to ...antioxidant status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women.
Methods
Eighteen healthy women participated in a 2-week intervention trial involving the daily intake of 500 mL of n-3 PUFA-enriched juice (
n
= 11) or plain tomato juice (
n
= 7). Each serving of enriched juice provided 250 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Both juices provided natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics (181 mg) and lycopene (26.5 mg).
Results
Intervention with the enriched juice had no effect on the lipid profile, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol (total, LDL, and HDL) remained unchanged. The serum antioxidant status improved following juice intake, as revealed by an increase in total antioxidant capacity and a slight decrease in lipid peroxidation. The serum levels of homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk factor, decreased following n-3 PUFA-enriched juice consumption. A decrease in vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) levels was also noted after intake of either plain or enriched tomato juice, whereas intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels only decreased following intake of the enriched juice.
Conclusions
Overall, stronger positive amelioration of CVD risk factors was observed following the intake of n-3 PUFA-enriched juice than after plain tomato juice consumption, which suggested a possible synergistic action between n-3 PUFAs and tomato antioxidants.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FSPLJ, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Aim
Reports detailing the morbidity–mortality after left colectomy are sparse and do not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn. We aimed to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage, ...perioperative mortality and complications following left colectomy for colonic malignancies.
Method
We undertook a STROBE‐compliant analysis of left colectomies included in a national prospective online database. Forty‐two variables were analysed as potential independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Variables were selected using the ‘least absolute shrinkage and selection operator’ (LASSO) method.
Results
We analysed 1111 patients. Eight per cent of patients had a leakage and in 80% of them reoperation or surgical drainage was needed. A quarter of patients (24.9%) experienced at least one minor complication. Perioperative mortality was 2%, leakage being responsible for 47.6% of deaths. Obesity (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.00–7.05, P = 0.04) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.58–8.51, P = 0.002) were associated with increased risk of leakage, whereas female patients had a lower risk (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.67, P = 0.002). Corticosteroids (P = 0.03) and oral anticoagulants (P = 0.01) doubled the risk of complications, which was lower with hyperlipidaemia (OR 0.3, P = 0.02). Patients on TPN had more complications (OR 4.02, 95% CI 2.03–8.07, P = 0.04) and higher mortality (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.8–40.9, P = 0.006). Liver disease and advanced age impaired survival, corticosteroids being the strongest predictor of mortality (OR 21.5, P = 0.001).
Conclusion
Requirement for TPN was associated with more leaks, complications and mortality. Leakage was presumably responsible for almost half of deaths. Hyperlipidaemia and female gender were associated with lower rates of complications. These findings warrant a better understanding of metabolic status on perioperative outcome after left colectomy.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Cyanobacteria also known as blue-green algae can be found in almost every conceivable environment. Cyanobacteria blooms occur frequently and globally in water bodies and they are a major concern in ...terms of their effects on other species such as plants, fish and other microorganisms, but especially by the possible acute and chronic effects on human health due to the potential danger from cyanobacterial toxins produced by some of them in recreational or drinking waters. Consequently, anticipation of cyanotoxins presence is a matter of importance to prevent risks. The aim of this study is to build a cyanotoxin diagnostic model by using support vector machines and multilayer perceptron networks from cyanobacterial concentrations determined experimentally in the Trasona reservoir (recreational reservoir used as a high performance training centre of canoeing in the Northern Spain). The results of the present study are two-fold. In the first place, the significance of each biological and physical-chemical variables on the cyanotoxins presence in the reservoir is presented through the model. Secondly, a predictive model able to forecast the possible presence of cyanotoxins is obtained. The agreement of the model with experimental data confirmed its good performance. Finally, conclusions of this innovative research work are exposed.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background and Purpose
cAMP plays an important role in the transduction of signalling pathways involved in neuroprotection and immune regulation. Control of the levels of this nucleotide by ...inhibition of cAMP‐specific PDEs such as PDE7 may affect the pathological processes of neuroinflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the selective PDE7 inhibitor, TC3.6, in a model of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), a rare and severe variant of MS.
Experimental Approach
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus‐induced demyelinated disease (TMEV‐IDD) is one of the models used to validate the therapeutic efficacy of new drugs in MS. As recent studies have analysed the effect of PDE7 inhibitors in the EAE model of MS, here the TMEV‐IDD model was used to test their efficacy in a progressive variant of MS. Mice were subjected to two protocols of TC3.6 administration: on the pre‐symptomatic phase and once the disease was established.
Key Results
Treatment with TC3.6 ameliorated the disease course and improved motor deficits of infected mice. This was associated with down‐regulation of microglial activation and reduced cellular infiltrates. Decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators such as COX‐2 and the cytokines, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐6 in the spinal cord of TMEV‐infected mice was also observed after TC3.6 administration.
Conclusion
These findings support the importance of PDE7 inhibitors, and specifically TC3.6, as a novel class of agents with therapeutic potential for PPMS. Preclinical studies are needed to determine whether their effects translate into durable clinical benefits.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Neoplasm history increases morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation and has disqualified patients from transplantation. Studies are needed to identify factors to be considered when ...deciding on the suitability of a patient with previous tumor for heart transplantation. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in heart transplant (HT) recipients (Spanish Post–Heart Transplant Tumor Registry) comparing the epidemiological data, immu‐nosuppressive treatments and incidence of post‐HT tumors between patients with previous malignant noncardiac tumor and with no previous tumor (NPT). The impact of previous tumor (PT) on overall survival (OS) was also assessed. A total of 4561 patients, 77 PT and 4484 NPT, were evaluated. The NPT group had a higher proportion of men than the PT group (p < 0.001). The incidence of post‐HT tumors was 1.8 times greater in the PT group (95% confidence interval CI 1.2–2.6; p < 0.001), mainly due to the increased risk in patients with a previous hematologic tumor (rate ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0, p < 0.004). OS during the 10‐year posttransplant period was significantly lower in the PT than the NPT group (p = 0.048) but similar when the analysis was conducted after a first post‐HT tumor was diagnosed. In conclusion, a history of PT increases the incidence of post‐HT tumors and should be taken into account when considering a patient for HT.
In order to compare the outcome of heart transplant recipients without previous malignant noncardiac tumors, the authors conduct a cohort study and observe that a history of malignancy before transplantation increases both the risk of posttransplantation tumors and mortality.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A Q fever outbreak was declared in February 2016 in a company that manufactures hoists and chains and therefore with no apparent occupational-associated risk. Coxiella burnetii infection was ...diagnosed by serology in eight of the 29 workers of the company; seven of them had fever or flu-like signs and five had pneumonia, one requiring hospitalisation. A further case of C. burnetii pneumonia was diagnosed in a local resident. Real-time PCR (RTi–PCR) showed a widespread distribution of C. burnetii DNA in dust samples collected from the plant facilities, thus confirming the exposure of workers to the infection inside the factory. Epidemiological investigations identified a goat flock with high C. burnetii seroprevalence and active shedding which was owned and managed by one of the workers of the company as possible source of infection. Genotyping by multispacer sequence typing (MST) and a 10-loci single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discrimination using RTi–PCR identified the same genotype (MST18 and SNP type 8, respectively) in the farm and the factory. These results confirmed the link between the goat farm and the outbreak and allowed the identification of the source of infection. The circumstances and possible vehicles for the bacteria entering the factory are discussed.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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