Background
Novel hormonal therapies have been recently investigated in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of ...novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.
Materials and methods
The primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), time to PSA progression and safety. We planned a subgroup analysis according to the PSA doubling time (> 6 vs < 6 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (1 vs 0) and concomitant use of bone-targeting agent (yes vs no).
Results
Pooled analysis of novel hormonal therapies revealed significantly increased MFS compared with placebo (hazard ratio (HR): HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.25–0.41;
p
< 0.00001). The subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant MFS advantage in favour of men with the lower ECOG performance status. Other secondary endpoints favoured the novel hormonal therapies. The relative risk (RR) of grade ≥ 3 adverse events and ≥ 3 hypertension was 1.31 and 1.39, respectively.
Conclusions
This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of the novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The nature of quantum waves, whether they are real physical waves or, on the contrary, mere probability waves, has been a very controversial theme since the beginning of quantum theory. Here we ...present some possible experiments that may clarify the problem.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a new RPC based on surface resistive electrodes realized with Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtered on Apical\protect \relax \special {t4ht=®} foil. ...Exploiting the high rate resistive MPGD technology, detectors able to stand several tens of kHz/cm2 can be easily developed. The scalability of the technology allows the construction of detectors for large area applications at future high luminosity colliders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
4.
Performance of μ-RWELL detector vs resistivity of the resistive stage Bencivenni, G.; De Oliveira, R.; Felici, G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2018, Volume:
886
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The μ-RWELL is a compact spark-protected single amplification stage Micro-Pattern-Gaseous-Detector (MPGD). The detector amplification stage is realized with a polyimide structure, micro-patterned ...with a dense matrix of blind-holes, integrated into the readout structure. The anode is formed by a thin Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) resistive layer separated by an insulating glue layer from the readout strips. The introduction of the resistive layer strongly suppressing the transition from streamer to spark gives the possibility to achieve large gains (> 104), without significantly affecting the capability to be efficiently operated in high particle fluxes. In this work we present the results of a systematic study of the μ-RWELL performance as a function of the DLC resistivity. The tests have been performed either with collimated 5.9 keV X-rays or with pion and muon beams at the SPS Secondary Beamline H4 and H8 at CERN.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The μ-RWELL is a single-amplification stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD) . The detector amplification element is realized with a single copper-clad polyimide foil micro-patterned ...with a blind hole (well) matrix and embedded in the readout PCB through a thin Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtered resistive film. The introduction of the resistive layer, suppressing the transition from streamer to spark, allows to achieve large gains (≥104) with a single amplification stage, while partially reducing the capability to stand high particle fluxes. The simplest resistive layout, designed for low-rate applications, is based on a single-resistive layer with edge grounding. At high particle fluxes this layout suffers of a non-uniform response. In order to get rid of such a limitation different current evacuation geometries have been designed. In this work we report the study of the performance of several high rate resistive layouts tested at the CERN H8-SpS and PSI πM1 beam test facilities. These layouts fulfill the requirements for the detectors at the HL-LHC and for the experiments at the next generation colliders FCC-ee/hh and CepC.
Abstract
The Surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a novel RPC based on surface resistivity
electrodes, a completely different concept with respect to traditional RPCs that use electrodes
...characterised by volume resistivity. The electrodes of the sRPC exploit the well-established
industrial Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtering technology on thin (50 μm) polyimide foils,
already introduced in the manufacturing of the resistive MPGDs such as μ-RWELL and MicroMegas, that
allows to realise large area (up to 2 × 0.5 m
2
) electrodes with a surface resistivity
spanning over several orders of magnitude (0.01 ÷ 10 GΩ/□). Two detector layout has
been developed: the baseline layout with the DLC connected to the HV by a single dot connection
outside the active area and the high rate layout with a screen printing a conductive grid onto the
DLC film, which exploit the concept of the high density current evacuation scheme first introduced
for the μ-RWELL. Besides the use in HEP experiments as timing detector this new technology could be
exploited as thermal neutron device for homeland security applications (e.g. Radioactive Portal
Monitors for ports and airports), replacing one or both DLC electrodes of the sRPC with plates
coated with ∼3 μm thick
10
B
4
C layer, thus obtaining neutron converters inside the active
volume of the detector. Results obtained by irradiating the detectors at the calibrated
241
Am-B ENEA-Frascati HOTNES facility will be discussed.
High space resolution μ-RWELL for high particle rate Bencivenni, G.; De Oliveira, R.; Felici, G. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2020, Volume:
958
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The μ-RWELL is a single-amplification stage resistive MPGD. The amplification element, realized on a polyimide foil micro-patterned with a high density blind-holes (wells), is embedded through a thin ...resistive film, in the readout PCB. The introduction of the resistive layer affects the charge spread on the readout electrodes and suppresses the transition from streamer to spark giving the possibility to achieve large gains (>104). As a drawback the capability to stand high particle fluxes is reduced. In order to get rid of such a limitation different resistive layouts with prompt current evacuation schemes have been designed. In this work we present the study of the performance of the high rate layouts done at PSI, together with the measurement of the space resolution for orthogonal and inclined tracks performed at CERN.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The μ-RWELL is a new generation Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector, composed of two elements: the cathode and the μ-RWELL_PCB including the amplification stage, realized with a polyimide structure ...micro-patterned with a blind-hole matrix, embedded through a Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) resistive layer with the readout PCB. Different layouts of the resistive stage have been studied: the simplest one is based on a single DLC layer with edge grounding, suitable for low rate applications (30–40 kHz/cm2). More sophisticated schemes are under study for high-rate purposes (up to 2–3 MHz/cm2) in order to optimize the performance and the constructive process. For the phase-2 upgrade of the LHCb muon detector the experiment is targeting a luminosity of 2×1034 cm−2 s−1, with strong requirements on the robustness and detection efficiency of the muon system. We report on the ongoing R&D, showing also the latest measured performances of the new high-rate versions of the detector.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract The μ-RWELL, a resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector with a single amplification stage, is crafted using a copper-clad polyimide foil intricately micro-patterned with a blind hole (well) ...matrix. This matrix is integrated into the readout Printed Circuit Board, complemented by a thin Diamond-Like-Carbon sputtered resistive film, in order to mitigate the transition from streamer to spark regimes, enabling the attainment of substantial gains (≥10 4 ). However, this arrangement diminishes the detector's capacity to withstand high particle fluxes. For low-rate applications, the simplest resistive configuration utilises a single resistive layer with edge grounding. This design, however, exhibits a non-uniform response under elevated particle irradiation. To overcome this behaviour, new current evacuation geometries have been developed. In this work, we examine the efficacy of various high-rate resistive layouts, trialled at the prestigious CERN H8-SpS and PSI πM1 beam testing facilities. These designs are tailored to meet the demanding requisites of detectors operating in the HL-LHC environment, as well as those of future experiments at the next generation colliders, such as the FCC-ee/hh and CepC.
In the framework of the uRANIA (u-Rwell Advanced Neutron Imaging Apparatus) project, we are developing innovative thermal neutron detectors based on resistive gaseous devices such as micro-Resistive ...WELL (μ-RWELL) and surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC).
The μ-RWELL is a single amplification stage resistive MPGD developed for HEP applications. The amplification stage, based on the same Apical® foil used for the manufacturing of the GEM, is embedded through a resistive layer in the readout board. The resistive layer is realized by sputtering the back side of the Apical® foil with DiamondLike-Carbon (DLC). A cathode electrode, defining the gas conversion/drift gap, completes the detector mechanics. The deposition of a thin layer of
10
B4C on the cathode surface allows the thermal neutrons conversion into
7
Li and α ions, which can be easily detected in the active volume of the device. Results from tests performed with different detector layouts show that a thermal neutron (25 meV) detection efficiency up to 7% can be achieved with a single detector. A comparison between experimental data and the simulation of the detector behaviour has been performed. In parallel, we are proposing the development of thermal neutron detectors based on a novel RPC concept. The sRPC is a revolutionary RPC based on surface resistive electrodes realized by exploiting the well-established DLC sputtering technology on thin (50µm) polyimide foils, the same used in the manufacturing of the µ-RWELL. The DLC foil is glued onto a 2 mm thick float-glass. The 2 mm gas gap between the electrodes is ensured by spacers made of Delrin®, inserted without gluing at the edges of the glass supports. By replacing DLC with
10
B4C sputtered electrodes, the device becomes sensitive to thermal neutrons. Different layouts of
10
B4C coated electrodes have been tested, allowing to achieve efficiency up to 6%. The robustness, ease of construction, and scalability of the sRPC technology should allow the construction of cost-effective large area detector units as required by applications in homeland security (such as Radiation Portal Monitor).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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