Traditionally, distance was considered the parameter that could better reflect the economic influence of a seaport on land. Containerisation and intermodality progressively eroded such a paradigm and ...currently distance became only one of the factors across the overall “equation”. In this respect, a fundamental role is played by the effectiveness of inland connections. The better the connection of a port to the various inland markets, the bigger the potential to enlarge its overall captive area. Furthermore, the higher the “frictions” (bottlenecks, delays, etc.) for reaching the hinterland, the lower the inland traffic flows.
The major purpose of the paper is to measure container traffic diversion from Ligurian ports (Genoa, La Spezia and Savona) to the main Italian and European competitors.
The application of a gravity model will reveal the current role of distance in drawing hinterland market share among the selected ports. Moreover, for evaluating the unexploited potentialities of Ligurian ports, we compared real traffic flows with the outcomes of a spatial interaction model, reassigning inland container flows to the different sampled ports. The calculation of the traffic delta through a gap analysis, allowed measuring the “frictions” thwarting the connectivity between the Ligurian ports and the sampled hinterland regions. Finally, the paper discusses the nature and the reasons for the above traffic diversion.
►We use a gravity model to measure the containers traffic diversion. ►We apply the model to Ligurian ports and their Italian and European competitors. ►The model highlights how inland terminals affect the shape of hinterlands.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Internet-enabled technologies are becoming more widespread; users are constantly connected to the network in every place and daily activity. Access to transportation-related features—mobile payment ...systems, Global Positioning System connections, real-time public transit timetables or traffic congestion information, and so on—is easy. This access results in new ways to plan mobility. In the innovative mobility systems implemented and developed with these technologies, the new real-time capabilities of dynamic ridesharing, an extended version of traditional ridesharing, can play a key role if the relevant performance is improved. In other words, although ridesharing is not a new idea, recent technological advances should increase its popularity. In this paper, a proposed ridesharing system considers the interactions between drivers or riders and the system manager and the interactions between drivers and riders. The positions and speeds of the shared vehicles and the traffic flows in which such vehicles travel are omitted. To optimize the performance of the ridesharing system, a discrete event, dynamic pickup and delivery model that represents the considered dynamics and an optimal matching problem that optimally allocates an empty seat in a vehicle to a rider are proposed. The dynamic model represents the behavior of the ridesharing system and computes the relevant performance; the optimization problem finds the best match and path in the considered transportation network to minimize the difference between the desired departure and arrival times. In this paper, after the introduction of the ridesharing model, the discussion of the solution to the optimal matching problem, a simulation model is described. A real world case study is then presented and discussed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Scientific research that started three years ago and was first developed in a Ph.D., has resulted in important results in producing a calculation code in 'Excel' that values the main pollutant ...emissions (CO, NOx, VOC and PM) produced by duty vehicles moving in an urban area. Emissions were obtained by studying data about the main geometrical and flow features of the transport network in the area covered. Two mathematical models were integrated in the developed code, a flow and an emission model respectively. The flow simulation model determines, after a calibration according to the particular urban area in examination, the average vehicular speed on a single homogenous branch of a road network. So, when the average speed is fixed, it is possible to calculate the polluting emissions through the definition of an opportune emission model integrated in the code. The emission model is based on the CORINAIR methodology, implemented in the COPERTIII program (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) that, where necessary, has been modified according to experimental results, without distorting its basic philosophy. In conclusion, the calculation code allows for making choices in the transport field considering environmental sustainability aspects in the urban planning analysis, and it represents a good decision support system (DSS).
One of the main important highways that connects the north-east to the south, and the south part of Tehran, is the Afsariyeh highway. It acts as a powerful tool to transport approximately 150000 ...heavy and light vehicles daily. Owing to Iran's regulations, it is not possible to construct a crossing on such highways. Therefore, construction of a u-turn in highways can be the best decision to accelerate traffic movement, while increasing the safety of vehicles and decreasing the vehicle movement's lag time. All these factors cause a heavy reduction of air and sound pollution. In the present research the number of daily vehicles before and after the u-turn construction, the percentage reduction of vehicle lag time and the considerable reduction of air and pollution have been studied.
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