Volúmenes como los de 1932 de Philip Johnson y Henry-Russell Hitchcock, El estilo internacional (no confundir con el verdadero catálogo de la exposición, Modern Architecture International Exhibition, ...publicado ese mismo año) o el de Emilio Ambasz de 1972, Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, reivindican una existencia propia, independiente de la exposición a la que acompañaron. Education of an Architect: A Point of View La formación del arquitecto: un punto de vista (1971) fue el germen de un buen número de publicaciones sobre aspectos pedagógicos y, por ende, avivó el debate y generó nuevos planteamientos docentes para los cursos básicos de diseño arquitectónico4 (fig. 03). La Education of an Architect de John Hejduk está definida por un enfoque metódico y sistemático que, sin embargo, no es inflexible. Una década después, la ironía de Tom Wolfe condensó tal pluralidad de opiniones en su obra crítica ¿Quién teme al Bauhaus feroz? (1981), donde describía la obra de Hejduk como "un barco "Corbu" embutido, contra todo pronóstico, en una botella "Bellas Artes""8.
In times of the global corona pandemic health care workers (HCWs) fight the disease at the frontline of healthcare services and are confronted with an exacerbated load of pandemic burden. ...Psychosocial resources are thought to buffer adverse effects of pandemic stressors on mental health. This rapid review summarizes evidence on the specific interplay of pandemic burden and psychosocial resources with regard to the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal was to derive potential starting points for supportive interventions.
We conducted a rapid systematic review following the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. We searched 7 databases in February 2021 and included peer-reviewed quantitative studies, that reported related data on pandemic stressors, psychosocial resources, and mental health of HCWs.
46 reports were finally included in the review and reported data on all three outcomes at hand. Most studies (n = 41) applied a cross-sectional design. Our results suggest that there are several statistically significant pandemic risk factors for mental health problems in HCWs such as high risk and fear of infection, while resilience, active and emotion-focused coping strategies as well as social support can be considered beneficial when protecting different aspects of mental health in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence for patterns of interaction between outcomes were found in the context of coping style when facing specific pandemic stressors.
Our results indicate that several psychosocial resources may play an important role in buffering adverse effects of pandemic burden on the mental health of HCWs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, causal interpretations of mentioned associations are inadequate due to the overall low study quality and the dominance of cross-sectional study designs. Prospective longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the missing links.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An analytical model describing the field evaporation dynamics of a tip made of a thin layer deposited on a substrate is presented in this paper. The difference in evaporation field between the ...materials is taken into account in this approach in which the tip shape is modeled at a mesoscopic scale. It was found that the non-existence of sharp edge on the surface is a sufficient condition to derive the morphological evolution during successive evaporation of the layers. This modeling gives an instantaneous and smooth analytical representation of the surface that shows good agreement with finite difference simulations results, and a specific regime of evaporation was highlighted when the substrate is a low evaporation field phase. In addition, the model makes it possible to calculate theoretically the tip analyzed volume, potentially opening up new horizons for atom probe tomographic reconstruction.
•We model the field evaporation dynamic of a tip made of a bilayer.•The layers develop a constant mean curvature ratio at the interface.•The tip shape evolution during evaporation is analytically computed.•The model explains the APT reconstruction artefacts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective: Resilience involves the ability of individuals to cope with adversities. In humanities and life sciences different conceptions such as human trait, adaptive process or social resources are ...used to explain the phenomenon. Humans tend to use pictures and phrases to express themselves, so called metaphors. Metaphors are meaningful and structure experiences which help us to handle our life. A prevalent metaphor in resilience literature refers to an elastic spring with the ability to "bounce back", leaving a notion of invincibility. Within an interdisciplinary research project, we are in search of a model of resilience which allows for the integration of crisis and vulnerability. Our objective in a first project period was to understand how experts from humanities and life sciences describe resilience and to evaluate the predominant notion of invincibility. Methods: Qualitative data from nine guideline based interviews with experts from psychology, palliative medicine, spiritual care, theology and philosophy focusing on their understanding of resilience was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis with regard to the patterns of metaphors, their similarities and variations. Results and conclusion: We found that even if different foci are set there is a surprisingly high range of consensus. Besides the prevalent narration of a resilient person as strong and invincible, experts from all disciplines used metaphors that expressed strong and vulnerable sides of persons within a crisis and gave the hint that for a more comprehensive understanding of resilience vulnerability should be seen as an integrative part.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of glucagon after injectable or nasal administration and confirm the appropriate therapeutic dose of nasal ...glucagon (NG) for adult patients. Six clinical studies with PK and five clinical studies with PD (glucose) data were included in the analysis. Doses ranging from 0.5 to 6 mg NG, and 0.5 to 1 mg injectable glucagon were studied. A total of 6284 glucagon and 7130 glucose concentrations from 265 individuals (patients and healthy participants) were available. Population PK/PD modeling was performed using NONMEM. Glucagon exposure and glucose response were simulated for patients administered various doses of NG to confirm the optimal dose. Glucagon PK was well‐described with a single compartment disposition with first‐order absorption and elimination processes. Bioavailability of NG relative to injectable glucagon was 16%. Exposure–response modeling revealed that lower baseline glucose was associated with higher maximum drug effect. The carry‐over effect from prior insulin administration was incorporated into the model through a time‐dependent increase in elimination rate of glucose. Simulations showed that more than 99% of hypoglycemic adult patients would experience treatment success, defined as an increase in blood glucose to ≥70 mg/dL or an increase of ≥20 mg/dL from nadir within 30 min after administration of NG 3 mg. The population PK/PD model adequately described the PK and PD profiles of glucagon after nasal administration. Modeling and simulations confirmed that NG 3 mg is the most appropriate dose for rescue treatment during hypoglycemia emergencies.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The genus Aspergillus comprises a few hundred species sharing a common asexual spore forming structure, the aspergillum. Approximately one-third of these species also produce a sexual stage, all but ...five of which are known to be homothallic. Sexual stages associated with Aspergillus fall into approximately ten different genera, reflecting a tremendous degree of phylogenetic and biological diversity. Sexual stages in Aspergillus are plectomycetous, typical for the order in which it resides, the Eurotiales. Theoretically, a homothallic Aspergillus species can produce both asexual conidia and sexual ascospores in both clonal and recombinant fashion, although the actual significance of these potential modes of reproduction is unclear. Aspergillus species with known sexual stages tend to be minor players in infections of humans, perhaps because of their tendency to produce fewer asexual spores compared to their non-teleomorphic congeners. The discovery of population genetic and genomic evidence for sex in species with no known sexual stage indicates that no assumptions can be made about the clonal versus recombinant life histories of a species based on its known mitotic and/or meiotic reproductive modes.
► The state, development donors and Taliban attempted to effect social change in Pakistan’s Swat valley. ► To understand these dynamics, I compare the explanatory power of deliberative and radical ...theorising. ► Both approaches fail to provide analytical, procedural or normative insights due to their eurocentric ontologies. ► I advocate for a change of focus from ontologised explanation to an analysis of the actual ‘how’ of politics. ► This focus on ‘politics as practice’ provides differentiated insights into Swat, being a postcolonial arena.
In recent years, the Swat valley in North-West Pakistan has witnessed various waves of ‘politics’. Different groups have attempted to change socio-economic conditions, each according to their clear visions of a better future. After a period of top-down attempts at modernisation by the state, development projects inspired by deliberative democracy have attempted to increase political space for ‘local people’, but failed. Swat has also witnessed agonistic politics, with the emergence of a fundamentalist social movement that constructed a radical discourse of otherisation, entering into an antagonism with the state that created war and havoc. Thus, Swat offers a challenging learning ground to reflect on practices for producing change, as well as on theoretical currents in academia. I argue that deliberative and radical theorising provide insights into the political life of Swat, but fall short analytically (missing social complexities), procedurally (favouring specific techniques of social negotiation), and normatively (due to preconceived understandings of a ‘better future’). I substantiate my argument by showing that both positions take euro-centric conceptualisation of ‘citizens’, a (modern) ‘state’, and ‘citizen/state relations’ as universals – basic conditions that are not met in the post-colonial setting of Swat. I therefore argue that our curiosity should be redirected from ontologised explanation to an analysis of actual practices of societal negotiation and the norms within which these are embedded. Such insights will make it possible for us to appreciate the enormous challenges people in Swat face in their struggle to negotiate aspirations among disparate voices and to imagine some common understanding of a ‘better future’ – challenges that go beyond what deliberative or agonistic theorising can offer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A large collection of strains belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) was isolated from soil and perithecia in primary forests in Sri Lanka (from fallen tree bark) and tropical ...Australia (Queensland, from fallen tree fruits and nuts). Portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, the nuclear large subunit (NLSU) and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced in 52 isolates from soil and perithecia. The FSSC was divided previously into three clades with some biogeographic structure, termed Clades 1, 2 and 3. All Sri Lankan and Australian soil isolates were found to be members of Clade 3, most grouping with the cosmopolitan soil-associated species F. falciforme. All but two Sri Lankan perithecial isolates were associated with a set of five divergent phylogenetic lineages that were associated with Clade 2. Australian perithecial isolates resided in a subclade of Clade 3 where most of the previously defined mating populations of the FSSC reside. Isolates from perithecia and those cultured from soil were always members of different species lineages, even when derived from proximal locations. The previous biogeographic assignment of Clade 2 to South America is now expanded to the worldwide tropics. Sri Lanka appears to be an important center of diversity for the FSSC. Nectria haematococca is epitypified with a collection from the type locality in Sri Lanka; its anamorph is described as a new species, Fusarium haematococcum. Neocosmospora E.F. Smith is adopted as the correct genus for Nectria haematococca. These new species are described: F. kurunegalense/Neo. kurunegalensis, F. rectiphorus/Neo. rectiphora/, F. mahasenii/Neo. mahasenii/, F. kelerajum/Neo. keleraja.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
RNA helicases perform essential housekeeping and regulatory functions in all domains of life by binding and unwinding RNA molecules. The bacterial RhlE-like DEAD-box RNA helicases are among ...the least well studied of these enzymes. They are widespread especially among Proteobacteria, whose genomes often encode multiple homologs. The significance of the expansion and diversification of RhlE-like proteins for bacterial fitness has not yet been established. Here, we study the two RhlE homologs present in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that, in the course of evolution, RhlE1 and RhlE2 have diverged in their biological functions, molecular partners and RNA-dependent enzymatic activities. Whereas RhlE1 is mainly needed for growth in the cold, RhlE2 also acts as global post-transcriptional regulator, affecting the level of hundreds of cellular transcripts indispensable for both environmental adaptation and virulence. The global impact of RhlE2 is mediated by its unique C-terminal extension, which supports the RNA unwinding activity of the N-terminal domain as well as an RNA-dependent interaction with the RNase E endonuclease and the cellular RNA degradation machinery. Overall, our work reveals how the functional and molecular divergence between two homologous RNA helicases can contribute to bacterial fitness and pathogenesis.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Schematic representation of RhlE1 and RhlE2 biological role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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