This study aimed to determine the maxillary and mandibular basal bone regions and explore the three-dimensional positional relationship between the dentition and basal bone regions in patients with ...skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions with mandibular retrusion.
Eighty patients (40 each with Class I and Class II malocclusion) were enrolled. Maxillary and mandibular basal bone regions were determined using cone-beam computed tomography images. To measure the relationship between the dentition and basal bone region, the root position and root inclination were calculated using the coordinates of specific fixed points by a computer program written in Python.
In the Class II group, the mandibular anterior teeth inclined more labially (
< 0.05), with their apices positioned closer to the external boundary. The apex of the maxillary anterior root was positioned closer to the external boundary in both groups. Considering the molar region, the maxillary first molars tended to be more lingually inclined in females (
= 0.037), whereas the mandibular first molars were significantly more labially inclined in the Class II group (
< 0.05).
Mandibular anterior teeth in Class II malocclusion exhibit a compensatory labial inclination trend with the crown and apex relative to the basal bone region when mandibular retrusion occurs. Moreover, as the root apices of the maxillary anterior teeth are much closer to the labial side in Class I and Class II malocclusion, the range of movement at the root apex should be limited to avoid extensive labial movement.
The decentralized production of H
2
O
2
via
a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e
−
ORR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone (AQ) process. However, its ...practical application requires 2e
−
ORR electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of metallic Ni nanoparticles anchored on bacterial cellulose-derived carbon fibers (Ni-NPs/BCCF)
via
a facile impregnation-pyrolysis method as efficient electrocatalysts for 2e
−
ORR to H
2
O
2
. By tuning the amount of Ni precursor, the best electrocatalytic performance toward 2e
−
ORR was achieved for Ni-NPs/BCCF-20.7, affording a high H
2
O
2
selectivity of ∼90% and an onset potential of 0.75 V
vs.
reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in an alkaline electrolyte. Ni-NPs/BCCF-20.7 achieved the largest H
2
O
2
yield rate of 162.7 ± 13.7 mmol g
cat
−1
h
−1
and the highest Faradaic efficiency of 93.9% ± 4.2% at 0.2 and 0.5 V
vs.
RHE from the bulk ORR system, respectively. Theoretical calculations revealed the more favorable “end-on” adsorption configuration of molecular oxygen on the exposed Ni(111) plane, which can effectively suppress the O-O bond dissociation, resulting in high selectivity for H
2
O
2
generation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
New Findings
•What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of H2 on bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.
•What are the main findings and ...its importance?
Our results indicate that, in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, H2 inhalation attenuated oxidative stress and reversed the pulmonary epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition process by reducing reactive oxygen species production and inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1, α‐smooth muscle actin and collagen I to improve fibrotic injury and exert anti‐fibrogenic effects. Thus, H2 inhalation has promising therapeutic potential as a useful adjuvant treatment for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which deserves further study and evaluation.
Hydrogen (H2) can protect against tissue damage. The effect of H2 inhalation therapy on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown. This study was designed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of H2 inhalation on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was established with BLM. Rats were randomly divided into control and H2 inhalation groups. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and Mason's Trichrome staining were performed to evaluate pulmonary fibrosis injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, structural disorder and collagen deposition. qRT‐PCR and western blot assays were used to determine the expression of TNF‐α, TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, VEGF and collagen type I at both mRNA and protein levels. The contents of reactive oxygen species, TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline were determined with biochemical test kits or ELISA kits. Bleomycin‐stimulated rats exhibited typical symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis, which featured an increase in collagen deposition, alveolitis, fibrosis and parenchymal structural disorder in the lung. However, BLM‐induced oxidative stress was attenuated by H2 inhalation therapy, which reduced the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline, enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase and decreased the expression of TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α. In addition, H2 inhalation also inhibited BLM‐induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TGF‐β1, increasing the expression level of the epithelial cell marker E‐cadherin, and decreasing the expression level of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin in a time‐dependent manner. In addition, H2 inhalation downregulated α‐SMA expression and suppressed collagen I generation, exerting anti‐fibrogenic effects. Hydrogen inhalation therapy attenuates BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF‐β1, relevant oxidative stress and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aging is the crucial co-morbidity that prevents the full cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Combination therapy as a promising strategy may overcome this clinical ...problem. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Ginsenoside compound-Mc1 (GMc1) and Dendrobium Nobile Lindl (DNL) in myocardial I/R injury and explore the involvement of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in aged rats. In vivo I/R injury and myocardial infarction was established by temporary coronary ligation in 22–24 months’ old Sprague Dawley male rats. GMc1 (10 mg/kg) and DNL (80 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally for 4 weeks and orally for 14 days, respectively, before I/R injury. Infarct size was measured through triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride staining. ELISA assay was conducted to quantify the levels of cardiotroponin, and myocardial content of TNF-α and glutathione. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins. GMc1 and DNL significantly reduced the infarct size to a similar extent (p < 0.05) but their combined effect was greater than individual ones (p < 0.01). Combination therapy significantly restored the left ventricular end-diastolic and developed pressures at the end of reperfusion as compared with the untreated group (p < 0.01). Although the GMc1 and DNL reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased the contents of antioxidant glutathione significantly, their individual effects on the reduction of protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were not consistent. However, their combination could significantly reduce all parameters of this inflammatory pathway as compared to untreated I/R rats (p < 0.001). Therefore, the combined treatment with GMc1 and DNL increased the potency of each intervention in protecting the aged hearts against I/R injury. Reduction in the activity of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequent modulation of the activity of inflammatory cytokines and endogenous antioxidants play an important role in this cardioprotection.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and usually lethal fibrotic lung disease with largely unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Evidence suggests microRNAs (miRNA) contribute ...to pathogenesis of IPF. In this study, we sought to identify miRNA expression signatures and determine the role of miR-130b-3p in lung fibrosis. The miRNA expression profile of the lungs from patients with IPF and normal donors was determined by Affymetrix microarray, and transcriptome with Affymetrix array. The functions and signal pathways as well as miRNA-mRNA networks were established by bioinformatics analysis. Luciferase assays and ELISA were used to confirm the miRNA target gene. The effect of miRNA-transfected epithelium on fibroblast activities was assessed using a co-culture system. The fibroblast activities were determined by qRT-PCR, western blotting, Transwell and BrdU assays. Seven miRNAs were significantly decreased in IPF lungs, with miR-130b-3p being the highest in the miRNA-mRNA network. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) was a target gene of miR-130b-3p in the epithelium. miR-130b-3p inhibition in the epithelium induced collagen I expression and enhanced the proliferation and migration ability of fibroblast in co-culture systems, which mimicked the functions of exogenous IGF-1 on fibroblasts. Neutralizing IGF-1 with an antibody significantly reduced the modulatory effects of miR-130b-3p inhibitor-transfected epithelium on the activation of fibroblasts. Our results show that miR-130b-3p was downregulated in IPF lungs. miR-130b-3p downregulation contributed to the activation of fibroblasts and the dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk by promoting IGF-1 secretion from lung epithelium, suggesting a key regulatory role for this miRNA in preventing lung fibrosis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:
Mindfulness-based interventions may offer a promising approach for promoting psychological and physical health and wellbeing for patients with heart failure. However, the effects of ...mindfulness-based interventions for this population have not been systematically reviewed.
Aims:
This review aimed to synthesise available evidence to assess the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological and physical outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure.
Methods:
Seven English and two Chinese electronic databases were searched with keywords from inception to May 2019. Experimental studies that examined mindfulness-based interventions in adults with heart failure were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction and study quality assessment. The results were then narratively synthesised.
Results:
This review identified five studies involving 467 patients with heart failure. The reviewed studies had weak to moderate quality. There were consistent findings that mindfulness-based interventions could significantly reduce depression (three studies) and anxiety (two studies) and improve health-related quality of life (two studies) after intervention. However, the effects on physical symptoms were inconsistent in three studies. The effects on physical function were only measured in one study, with non-significant changes being reported.
Conclusions:
This review provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are beneficial for patients with heart failure in reducing depression and anxiety and enhancing health-related quality of life in the short term. These findings should be carefully generalised considering the methodological limitations across studies. More rigorous studies are required to examine further the effects of mindfulness-based interventions in patients with heart failure.
Orange-spotted grouper,
Epinephelus coioides is one of the most important economic species of marine-cultured fish in China and Southeast Asia countries. However, very little information of the ...innate immune mechanisms against microbial pathogens is available in grouper,
Epinephelus sp. Hepcidin, as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is a very important component in the innate immune system and widespread in fish. In this study, two novel types of hepcidin gene (designated EC-hepcidin1 and EC-hepcidin2) were cloned from
E. coioides. They consist of open reading frames (ORFs) of 267
bp and 263
bp encoding the putative peptides of 88 and 87 amino acids, respectively. The homologous identity of deduced amino acid sequences between EC-hepcidin1 and EC-hepcidin2 is up to 79%, and predicted mature regions of both them have four cysteines residues. Genomic DNAs of both EC-hepcidin1 and EC-hepcidin2 consist of three exons and two introns. RT-PCR results showed that EC-hepcidin1 transcript was most abundant in liver and less in stomach. However, the transcript of EC-hepcidin2 was only detected in liver. The expressions of both EC-hepcidins were up-regulated by microbial and viral challenges, and iron overload, respectively, and EC-hepcidin1 was more responsive. The growth of Gram-negative bacterium of
Vibrio vulnificus and Gram-positive bacterium of
Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by synthetic EC-hepcidins, and EC-hepcidin1 displayed stronger antimicrobial activity. The replication of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) was inhibited in the EC-hepcidin1 and EC-hepcidin2 over-expressed stable transfected fish cell lines (GS/pcDNA-Hep1, GS/pcDNA-Hep2) indicative of the antiviral activity of EC-hepcidins. These data should offer important information on the antimicrobial and antiviral roles of EC-hepcidins, and will be help to the better understanding of molecular mechanisms of grouper innate immunity.
► Two novel type of hepcidin genes were cloned successfully from orange-spotted grouper,
Epinephelus coioides. ► It is for the first time to report that synthetic 4-cys hepcidins (EC-hepcidin1 and EC-hepcidin2) displayed antimicrobial activities. ► The expression of both EC-hepcidins were up-regulated by Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. ► EC-hepcidins can be applied to the prevention of SGIV infection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Port throughput forecasting is a very complex nonlinear dynamic process, prediction accuracy is influenced by uncertainty of socio-economic factors, especially by the mixed noise (singular point) ...produced in the collection, transfer and calculation of statistical data; consequently, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory port throughput forecasting result. Thus, establishing an effective port throughput forecasting scheme is still a significant research issue. Since the robust v-support vector regression model (RSVR) has the ability to solve the nonlinear and mixed noise in the port throughput history data and its related socio-economic factors, this paper introduces the RSVR model to forecast port throughput. In order to search the more appropriate parameters combination for the RSVR model, considering the proposed simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO) algorithm and the original PSO algorithm still have the drawbacks of immature convergence and is time consuming, this study presents chaotic simulated annealing particle swarm optimization(CSAPSO) algorithm to determine the parameter combination. Aiming to identify the final input vectors for RSVR model, the multivariable adaptive regression splines (MARS) is adopted to select the final input vectors from the candidate input variables. This study eventually proposes a port throughput forecasting scheme that hybridizes the RSVR, CSAPSO and MARS to obtain a more accurate forecasting result. Subsequently, this study compiles the port throughput data and the corresponding socio-economic indicators data of Shanghai as the illustrative example to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed scheme. The experimental results indicate that the proposed port throughput forecasting scheme obtains better forecasting result than the six competing models in terms of forecasting error.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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