This study was conducted to characterize the
Escherichia coli
isolates from colisepticemic Japanese quails. One hundred and nine
E. coli
were isolated in pure culture from heart blood of dead ...Japanese quails. The sampled birds were originated from four different farms. Antibiotic resistance pattern of
E. coli
isolates were determined against nine antibacterial agents. Phylotype and virulence genes of the isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction. By disc diffusion method, all of the isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotics, and 19 different patterns of multiple drug resistance were observed. Phylotyping of the most prevalent multiple drug-resistant isolates revealed that they mostly belonged to phylogroups A (A
1
subgroup). The
E. coli
isolates belong to four phylogenetic groups: A (55.0%), B1 (18.3%), B2 (17.4%), and D (9.2%). Eighty-nine (81.7%) isolates were distributed in five phylogenetic subgroups including 22 (20.2%) in A
0
, 38 (34.9%) in A
1
, 19 (17.4%) in B2
3
, 7 (6.4%) in D
1
, and 3 (2.8%) in D
2
. The examined
E. coli
isolates exhibit at least one of the virulence genes tested, whereas three most prevalent genes were
crl
(94.5%),
fimH
(89.0%), and
iutA
(51.4%), respectively. The genetic marker for Afa (
afaI B-C
), S (
sfa/focD-E
), and P (
papE-F
) fimbriae were found in one, four, and ten isolates, respectively. Thirteen different combinations of virulence gene were observed, where combination of
crl
and
fimH
genes was the most prevalent pattern. None of the isolates contained the
ipaH
,
stx1
,
stx2
, and
eaeA
genetic markers. In conclusion,
E. coli
strains could be considered as a causative agent of mortality in quail farms. In conclusion,
E. coli
isolates from colisepticemic quails are distributed in different phylogroups, are resistant to combinations of antibiotic agents, and contain several virulence genes.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The aim of the present study was to determine the analysis of virulence genes and antimicrobial profile of diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
isolated from diseased lambs. Two hundred ninety
E. coli
...isolates were recovered from 300 rectal swabs of diarrheic lambs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. The pathotype determination was done according to the presence of genes including
f5
,
f41
,
LTI
,
STI
,
bfp, ipaH
,
stx
1
,
stx
2
,
eae
,
ehlyA
,
cnf
1
,
cnf
2
,
cdIII
,
cdIV
, and
f17
by PCR method. Sixty-six isolates (23.72%) possessed the
STI
gene and categorized into entrotoxigenic
E. coli
(ETEC). Nine isolates (3.1%) and five isolates (1.72%) were positive for the
cnf1
and
cnf2
genes which categorized into necrotoxic
E. coli
(NTEC). Hundred and seventeen isolates (40.34%) harbored
stx
1
and/or
stx
2
and classified as Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli
(STEC). Thirteen isolates (4.48%) were assigned to atypical entropathogenic
E. coli
(aEPEC) and possessed
eae
gene. Two isolates (0.68%) were positive for
ipaH
gene and were assigned to entroinvasive
E. coli
(EIEC). Statistical analysis showed a specific association between
eae
gene and STEC pathotype (
P
< 0.0001). The most prevalent resistance was observed against lincomycin (96.5%) and the lowest resistance was against kanamycine (56.02%), respectively. The high prevalence of STEC and ETEC indicates that diarrheic lambs represent an important reservoir for humans. ETEC may play an important role for frequent occurrence of diarrhea in lambs observed in this region. Due to high antibiotic resistance, appropriate control should be implemented in veterinary medicine to curb the development of novel resistant isolates.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background: Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an important challenge in prevention, treatment and control of infectious diseases and is a public health threat for human. Escherichia coli strains are the ...major causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Objective: This research aimed to determine prevalence of resistance to quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and screen qnr genes among E. coli isolates from UTIs. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 E. coli isolates were obtained from UTI cases in Bojnord city (northeast of Iran) and confirmed by biochemical tests. All strains were studied to determine their resistance to 3 antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and levofloxacin via disk diffusion method. Moreover, the frequency of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes and phylogroups was studied by conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In this study, prevalence of phenotypic AR to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin was 47.6%, 44.8% and 38.1%, respectively. Three isolates were positive for qnrS and 1 isolate was positive for qnrA. Seven phylogenetic groups were also identified as follows: 18% A0, 6.7% A1, 7.6% B1, 1.9% B22, 23.8% B23, 15.3% D1 and 26.7% D2. Conclusion: Prevalence of qnr genes was very low; thus, other types of qnr and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were probably responsible for the resistance. Phenotypic AR to the 3 antibiotics was found in approximately half of E. coli strains. It is strongly recommended that antibiogram tests should be done before prescribing the ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin for UTIs.
Bis(quinoline-2-carboxyl-ato-κN,O)lead(II) Mohammadnezhad, Gholamhossein; Ghanbarpour, Ali Reza; Amini, Mostafa M ...
Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online,
08/2010, Volume:
66, Issue:
Pt 8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Pb(II) atom in the title compound, Pb(C(10)H(6)NO(2))(2), is N,O-chelated by two quinoline-2-carboxyl-ate anions in a distorted Ψ-trigonal-bipyramidal environment; four atoms are connected to the ...Pb(II) atom by regular coordination bonds. The structure also features two somewhat long Pb⋯O inter-actions 2.952 (3) and 3.014 (3) Å. These long inter-actions give rise to a layer coordination polymer having the lead atom in a distorted Ψ-monocapped octa-hedral geometry.
The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence, serogroups, virulence genes and phylogenetic relationship of shiga toxin-producing
(STEC) in human, clave and goat in Kerman (southeast of ...Iran).
STEC have emerged as the important foodborne zoonotic pathogens causing human gastrointestinal disease and confirming the risk to public health.
A total of 671 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic patients (n=395) and healthy calves (n=156) and goats (n=120) and screened for the presence of
gene. Furthermore, the prevalence of
and
variants, serotypes (O157, O145, O103, O26, O111, O91, O128, and O45), phylogenetic groups and the presence of
,
,
,
and
virulence genes were studied.
Prevalence of STEC in human diarrheic isolates was 1.3% (5 isolates), in claves was 26.3% (41 isolates) and in goats was 27.5% (33 isolates).
gene was the most prevalent variant and detected in 75 isolates. Furthermore,
was the most predominant
subtype, found in 56 isolates. The
identified in 36 (45.6%) isolates, followed by
5 (6.3%),
4 (5.1%),
2 (2.5%) and
2 (2.5%). Most of the isolates belonged to phylogroup B1. Only two O26 and one O91 isolates were detected in our study.
Our results show that STEC strains were widespread among healthy domestic animals in the southeast of Iran.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a gram negative bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in poultry. Tracheal, lung and serum samples were obtained from 21 broiler flocks of 8 farms ...from a slaughterhouse located in south-eastern of Iran. Among 630 tracheal and lung samples from samples resulting from 315 chickens, 11 (3.5%) ORT isolates were identified using biochemical tests. The isolates originated from 9 (42.9%) flocks out of 4 farms. All of the isolates were recovered from tracheal swabs and showed an API 20NE identification biocode 0-2-2-0-0-0-4. Of the 420 serum samples examined by ELISA, 134 (31.9%) sera from 17 (81.0%) flocks were positive for ORT antibodies. These results indicate that ORT is present in most broiler flocks with respiratory disorders in southeast Iran.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background: A newly emerged hypervirulent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae has caused great concern globally; however, its molecular characteristics have been rarely reported in Iran.Objectives: The ...goal of this study was to detect the virulence determinants and serotypes of K. pneumoniae and to evaluate the association among selected virulence traits and blaCTX-M-15 gene in southeastern Iran.Methods: One hundred and three non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples. The isolates were identified by standard bacteriological tests. Confirmed isolates were examined to detect a selection of virulence genes (wabG, rmpA and iucB) and serotypes (K1, K2, K5 and K20) by PCR. The isolates were studied foe the presence of beta-lactamase (blaCTX-M-15) gene. SPSS software (version 19.0) was used for data analysis.Results: Among the 103 K. pneumoniae isolates, 61 (59.2%) isolates were positive for wabG, 4 (3.9%) for iucB and 3 (2.9%) for rmpA genes. The presence of K20 in 3.9% (4/103) of the isolates represented the most prevalent. Only 3 (2.9%) isolates possessed the K1 serotype, while K2 and K5 serotypes were not detected in any isolate. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was detected in 47 (45.6%) isolates. blaCTX-M-15-positive isolates showed a higher prevalence of wabG among the studied isolates (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our data indicate a correlation between presence of virulence gene and blaCTX-M-15 in K. pneumonia isolates. Further research should be undertaken to unravel aspects of both virulence factors and antibiotic resistance which may probably contribute to managing future spread of infectious diseases.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are a common cause of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, especially in developing countries. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLS), a heterogeneous ...group of plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases, are common throughout the world.
The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBLS produced by E. coli isolates taken from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infections (UTI) in northwest Iran.
A total of 132 E. coli isolates (92 isolates from UTI and 40 isolates from diarrheic cases) were recovered and confirmed by biochemical tests. The isolates were examined for blaTEM and blaSHV genes and phylogenetic background by two multiplex PCR assays. The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotic agents by the disk diffusion method.
The phylogenetic analysis showed that the UTI isolates mostly fell into phylo-group B2, followed by D, while the diarrheic isolates belonged to phylo-groups D and A. Out of 92 UTI isolates, 29.3% and 17.4% possessed blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively. Ten diarrheic isolates were positive for blaTEM, two isolates possessed the blaSHV gene, and one isolate was positive for both genes. The UTI isolates that were positive for blaTEM and blaSHV genes mostly belonged to phylo-groups D and B2, whereas the diarrhea isolates were in phylo-groups D and A. Phylogenetic group D isolates have an accumulation of ESBLS genes in the diarrheic and UTI isolates. In both the UTI and diarrhea isolates, the maximum rate of resistance was against cefazolin, and the minimum rate of resistance was against nitrofurantoin. Twenty-four antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates. The amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance pattern was the most prevalent in the isolates that belonged to phylo-group D.
The correct choice of effective antibiotic policy is needed to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
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