Target classification is one of the main requirements of target tracking processes in military Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In this paper, a new sub-optimal target classification approach based on ...Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed. The PSO classification algorithm is shown to have better classification accuracy and processing speed as compared to the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Maximum Likelihood classification algorithms.
This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of major lower extremity amputations in type 2 diabetic patients referred for hospital care with diabetic foot syndrome.
This retrospective ...study involved 225 type 2 diabetic patients referred for management of diabetic foot syndrome at King Abdullah University Hospital in the period between January 2014 and December 2015. A structured customized diabetic foot data collection form with diabetic foot characteristics chart was used for documentation of relevant information, which checks for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, duration of diabetes, diabetic control therapy, associated hypertension, cardiac diseases, stroke, chronic renal impairment, renal replacement therapy (hem-dialysis), and history of diabetes-related complication in both feet prior to the study period. The predictors for major lower limb amputations were compared between groups using chi-square test, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with major amputation.
Twenty-seven limbs underwent major amputations with an overall rate of major amputation of 11.6%. The following predictors were found to be associated with the higher incidence of major lower limb amputations: duration of diabetes ≥15 years, HbA1c ≥8%, patients on insulin, with hypertension, cardiac diseases, chronic renal impairment, stroke, having gangrene, higher number of components, higher Wagner classification, and ischemia. However, the rate did not differ significantly between men and women.
Presentation with gangrenous tissue and poor glycemic control are the important risks and significant predictive factors for type 2 diabetes-related major lower limb amputations.
A methodology for understanding and modeling the interaction of multiple CDMA signals in a nonlinear multichannel environment is introduced and verified. The analysis is based on understanding the ...statistical properties of input signals and developing a modeling technique that enables distortion to be estimated. This is coupled with the introduction of a new behavioral modeling technique that captures the black box characteristics of multichannel amplifiers. In addition, a performance analysis that relates nonlinear distortion to probability of bit error (BER) is introduced. The analysis presented here provides an insight into communication system design by relating distortion to system performance. The methodology is verified using simulations and measurements performed on a nonlinear power amplifier. A nonlinear model was extracted and used in developing the statistical model by which distortion is estimated. The resulting estimates of distortion were verified using measurements of distortion performed on the amplifier using the IS-95 CDMA system standard.
<!CDATA This appendix contains sections titled: Random Variables Two Random Variables Multiple Random Variables Complex Random Variables Gaussian Random Variables Random Processes The Power Spectrum >
<!CDATA This chapter contains sections titled: Generation of Nonlinearity in MATLAB�� Fitting a Nonlinear Model to Measured Data Autocorrelation and Spectrum Estimation Spectrum of the Output of a ...Memoryless Nonlinearity Spectrum of the Output of a Nonlinearity with Memory Spectrum of Orthogonalized Nonlinear Model Estimation of System Metrics from Simulated Spectra Simulation of Probability of Error Simulation of Noise-to-Power Ratio Simulation of Nonlinear Noise Figure Summary >
<!CDATA This chapter contains sections titled: Analogue System Nonlinear Figures of Merit Adjacent-Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) CDMA Waveform Quality Factor ( ) Error Vector ...Magnitude (EVM) Co-Channel Power Ratio (CCPR) Noise-to-Power Ratio (NPR) Noise Figure in Nonlinear Systems Summary >
<!CDATA This chapter contains sections titled: Wireless System Architecture Digital Signal Processing in Wireless Systems Mobile System Standards Wireless Network Standards Nonlinear Distortion in ...Different Wireless Standards Summary >
Nonlinear Distortion Gharaibeh, Khaled M
Nonlinear Distortion in Wireless Systems,
2011, 2011-12-09
Book Chapter
<!CDATA This chapter contains sections titled: Identification of Nonlinear Distortion in Digital Wireless Systems Orthogonalization of the Behavioral Model Autocorrelation Function and Spectral ...Analysis of the Orthogonalized Model Relationship Between System Performance and Uncorrelated Distortion Examples Measurement of Uncorrelated Distortion Summary >
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