Objectives: Various risk assessment tools have been developed to evaluate the risk of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer. This study aims to estimate the risk of breast/ovarian cancer in a sample of ...the general population in Iran using the IBIS software.Methods: A total of 2020 women aged 18-79 years were consecutively selected from the gynecology clinic of Imam Hossein Medical Center between April 2019 and 2021. The Tyrer-Cusick (IBIS) questionnaire was used to collect data on variables such as age, BMI, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, menopausal status, history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and family history of breast/ovarian cancer. The risks of developing breast/ovarian cancer were calculated, with patients having a calculated risk of more than 20% considered high-risk and those below 20% considered low-risk.Results: Out of the 2020 cases studied, 69 (3.4%) were classified as high-risk for developing breast/ovarian cancer. The moderate risk of breast/ovarian cancer in patients with a positive family history was 18.47%, compared to 10.15% in those without a family history. All high-risk individuals had a positive family history, while only 9.4% of the low-risk population had a family history; this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Routine assessment of family history of cancer in all patients is recommended, with positive cases being further evaluated using a cancer risk assessment tool and referred for genetic counseling as appropriate.
Malignant transformation in dermoid cysts is rare, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form. This event often occurs in large tumors and middle-aged women.
In this study, two cases ...are presented. They were menopause, and abdominal pain and adnexal mass was a common manifestation in both. Case 1 with adenocarcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma had abnormal tumor markers and was diagnosed with a frozen section during surgery, but case 2 with SCC transformation had normal tumor markers, and the frozen section was not helpful in the first surgery. Both underwent complete staging surgery, and due to stage IC1 in case 1, she received chemotherapy, and in case 2, no adjuvant treatment was needed because of stage IA.
Considering the rarity of malignant transformation in the dermoid cyst, the best surgical approach and adjuvant therapy indications need further research.
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Purpose
The goal of this research is to develop stable formulations for live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) by employing the drying methods freeze drying, spray drying, and foam drying.
Methods
...Formulated live attenuated Type-A H1N1 and B-strain influenza vaccines with a variety of excipient combinations were dried using one of the three drying methods. Process and storage stability at 4, 25 and 37°C of the LAIV in these formulations was monitored using a TCID
50
potency assay. Their immunogenicity was also evaluated in a ferret model.
Results
The thermal stability of H1N1 vaccine was significantly enhanced through application of unique formulation combinations and drying processes. Foam dried formulations were as much as an order of magnitude more stable than either spray dried or freeze dried formulations, while exhibiting low process loss and full retention of immunogenicity. Based on long-term stability data, foam dried formulations exhibited a shelf life at 4, 25 and 37°C of >2, 1.5 years and 4.5 months, respectively. Foam dried LAIV Type-B manufactured using the same formulation and process parameters as H1N1 were imparted with a similar level of stability.
Conclusion
Foam drying processing methods with appropriate selection of formulation components can produce an order of magnitude improvement in LAIV stability over other drying methods.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective: The standard surgery for endometrial cancer can be deferred in some situations, including morbid obesity, comorbidities, and the patient's desire for fertility. One of the options to ...improve patients' circumstances is bariatric surgery. Case report: This study presented two patients with stage IA, grade I endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Both patients had morbid obesity and had comorbidities. In case 1, because of fertility preservation, and in case 2, because of severe comorbidities, hormone therapy was started, followed by bariatric surgery after counseling patients. Both patients had acceptable changes in body mass index during follow-up, so cancer surgery through laparoscopy was done. Both patients did not need adjuvant therapy; months after cancer surgery, there is no recurrence, and their body mass index is also decreasing. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery can improve outcomes in patients with morbid obesity who suffer endometrial cancer.
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Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a soft tissue tumor that originates from deep layers of the dermis and mainly is common in young adults to middle age. This tumor is rare in the vulva.
A ...53-year-old multiparous menopause female had complained of asymptomatic swelling of the right labia major. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was reported in primary tumor resection. Six months later, rapid growing mass recurred in the vulva. The patient underwent radical Vulvectomy and resection of the margin of about 2-3 cm along with bilateral Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. The margins of the mass were negative in the frozen section. Microscopic examination revealed that hypercellular neoplasm in dermis comprising monomorphic spindle cells with high mitotic activity, some hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in palisading fashion. Microscopic and IHC study confirmed the conversion of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans to fibrosarcoma.
This case was presented due to the rarity of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance in the vulva and pathologic conversion to fibrosarcoma.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications impose a significant burden on patients and the health care system. In the Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), barley is recommended for treatment of DM. ...This study sought to assess the effect of barley seed aqueous extract on hepatic, pancreatic, renal and cardiac tissues in normal (non-diabetic) and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin. After one week, the diabetic and non-diabetic groups were randomly divided into control and barley seed extract subgroups namely N group (non-diabetic control rats), S group (seed extract treated non-diabetic rats), D group (diabetic control rats) and DS group (seed extract treated diabetic rats). After 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed for histopathological analysis and specimens were stained routinely for histological studies. The abnormal histological signs significantly decreased in the DS group compared to D group. Also, protective effects of barley seed extract against histopathological changes were seen in S group compared to N group.These findings suggest that barley seed extract exerts a protective effect on different tissues in diabetes.
Introduction: The physiologic retention of water during pregnancy causes oedema in many organs. Optical review of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), located in the undersurface of the retina, and is ...clinically useful in many diseases. Aim: This study assessed pregnancy induced oedema in retina by using the measurement of RNFL in pregnant women before and after delivery. Materials and Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 32 pregnant women with 28 weeks or more gestational age were compared during pregnancy and postpartum period. The RNFL thickness was measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Results: The mean RNFL thickness was significantly more during pregnancy in comparison with the postpartum period, 107±9 µm versus 103±9 µm (p=0.013). Conclusion: RNFL thickness in diabetes and chronic hypertension or other chronic diseases might be misdiagnosed in pregnancy due to pregnancy induced increased thickness.
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Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) are a group of non-specific signs manifested in some psychiatric patients. Till date, most studies have focused on NSS in schizophrenic patients.
In the current study, ...the mean NSS score was compared between psychotic and non psychotic patients.
This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 96 hospitalized patients having psychotic disorders. The patients were first examined by a psychiatrist and their axis I diagnoses (according to DSM-IV-TR) were made. Accordingly, the patients were divided into three groups of psychotic (schizophrenic and schizoaffective) and bipolar disorder patients with and without psychotic symptoms. Using a 28-item questionnaire, the patients were neurologically examined and their NNS scores were calculated. The mean scores were compared among the groups.
Based on the results, the mean NSS score in psychotic patients (schizophrenic and schizoaffective) was higher as compared to that in non-psychotic patients (bipolar disorder patients without psychotic symptoms) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001).
It seems that calculation of NSS score in psychotic patients can help predict the response to pharmaceutical treatment, risk of drug reactions/side effects and prognosis of disease. Drawing a definite conclusion in this regard requires further investigations.
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Introduction: The study aimed to examine anemia prevalence and risk factors in employed women at a medical center compared to unemployed women from a charity center, with anemia defined as hemoglobin ...<120 g/L and iron deficiency as serum ferritin <30 ng/mL or serum iron <10 mcg/dL. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 651 employed, non-pregnant randomly selected women aged 20–67 years. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic, nutritional, and obstetrical characteristics. Blood indicators such as hemoglobin, serum ferritin, iron, and TIBC were measured. Results: Out of 651 participants, 395 (60.7%) had anemia/IDA (Hb <120 g/L, ferritin <30 ng/mL, or iron <10mcg/dL), comprising 308 (47.3%) having IDA and 215 (33%) having anemia. Younger age (<40 years) and menorrhagia were individually associated with 1.84- and 2.79- times increased risk of developing anemia in the studied population, respectively. A higher number of shifts and lack of vegetable consumption were found to be significantly prevalent in the anemic group. The prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff and referred women was 60.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The study emphasized the influence of employment on the prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff compared to unemployed women.
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Background: In recent decades, laparoscopy and robotic surgery are mostly used for the treatment of endometrial cancer. Laparoscopic surgery's popularity has grown due to rapid postoperative recovery ...and reduced post-surgical morbidity and complications compared with open surgery. Objectives: This study aimed to compare laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy in terms of their advantages and disadvantages for treating early-stage endometrial cancer in a population of Iranian patients in a referral center of gyneco-oncology. Methods: In this cohort study at Imam Hossein Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2022, early-stage endometrial cancer patients were included. Advanced disease, patients with medical comorbidity not suitable for laparoscopy, previous surgery for endometrial cancer, and prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for treatment of the endometrial cancer were excluded from the study. The study compared two groups regarding operative findings, including FIGO stage, grade, postoperative complications, and hospitalization days. Results: The study included 17 patients in the laparoscopic group with a mean age of 56 (+ 12.5) years old and 44 patients in the laparotomy group with a mean age of 57 (+10.2) years old. Two groups were well-matched in terms of Body Mass Index and menopausal status. The median intraoperative blood loss was significantly in terms of statistical less in the laparoscopic group (200 mL versus 500 mL, P = 0.001). Four (23.5%) patients in the laparoscopic group needed intraoperative blood transfusion versus 22 (50.0%) in the laparotomy group, P = 0.061. Hospital stay days were shorter in the laparoscopic group, with a median of three versus six days (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the minimally invasive operation caused less blood loss, hospital stay, and blood transfusion in comparison to laparotomy in Iranian endometrial cancer patients, confirming the preferred method of laparoscopy in these patients.
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