Lung cancer represents the first cause of cancer-related death in the world. Radiomics studies arise rapidly in this late decade. The aim of this review is to identify important recent publications ...to be synthesized into a comprehensive review of the current status of radiomics in lung cancer at each step of the patients' care.
A literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline for search of relevant peer-reviewed publications from January 2012 to June 2020.
We identified several studies at each point of patient's care: detection and classification of lung nodules (n=16), determination of histology and genomic (n=10) and finally treatment outcomes predictions (=23). We reported the methodology of those studies and their results and discuss the limitations and the progress to be made for clinical routine applications.
Promising perspectives arise from machine learning applications and radiomics based models in lung cancers, yet further data are necessary for their implementation in daily care. Multicentric collaboration and attention to quality and reproductivity of radiomics studies should be further consider.
von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder known in humans. Accurate and timely diagnosis presents numerous challenges.
These evidence-based guidelines of the ...American Society of Hematology (ASH), the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), and the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about VWD diagnosis.
ASH, ISTH, NHF, and WFH established a multidisciplinary guideline panel that included 4 patient representatives and was balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The Outcomes and Implementation Research Unit at the University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC) supported the guideline-development process, including performing or updating systematic evidence reviews up to 8 January 2020. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, including GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks, to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subsequently subject to public comment.
The panel agreed on 11 recommendations.
Key recommendations of these guidelines include the role of bleeding-assessment tools in the assessment of patients suspected of VWD, diagnostic assays and laboratory cutoffs for type 1 and type 2 VWD, how to approach a type 1 VWD patient with normalized levels over time, and the role of genetic testing vs phenotypic assays for types 2B and 2N. Future critical research priorities are also identified.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that commonly results from a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, leading to insulin resistance and glucose ...homeostasis perturbation. Physical activity is recommended as one first-line treatment in T2DM, but it leads to contrasted results. We hypothesized that, instead of applying standard exercise protocols, the prescription of personalized exercise programs specifically designed to reverse the potential metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle could result in better results. Methods To test this hypothesis, we drew the metabolic signature of the fast-twitch quadriceps muscle, based on a combined unbiased NMR spectroscopy and RT-qPCR study, in several T2DM mouse models of different genetic background (129S1/SvImJ, C57Bl/6J), sex and aetiology (high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD/Streptozotocin (STZ) induction or transgenic MKR (FVB-Tg Ckm-IGF1R*K1003R)1Dlr/J) mice. Three selected mouse models with unique muscular metabolic signatures were submitted to three different swimming-based programs, designed to address each metabolic specificity. Results We found that depending on the genetic background, the sex, and the mode of T2DM induction, specific muscular adaptations occurred, including depressed glycolysis associated with elevated PDK4 expression, shift to β-oxidation, or deregulation of amino-acid homeostasis. Interestingly, dedicated swimming-based exercises designed to restore specific metabolic alterations in muscle were found optimal in improving systemic T2DM hallmarks, including a significant reduction in insulin resistance, the improvement of glucose homeostasis, and a delay in sensorimotor function alterations. Conclusion The muscle metabolism constitutes an important clue for the design of precision exercises with potential clinical implications for T2DM patients.
Gastrointestinal parasitism is a major health and welfare problem in ruminants. Synthetic chemical anthelmintic drugs have led to the emergence of resistance in gastrointestinal strongyles, inducing ...the search for alternatives to control the infections that affect ruminants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus Rudolphi. Three plants of the Guadeloupean biodiversity, Momordica charantia L., Carica papaya L. and Sargassum spp., were selected based on their high polyphenolic content and natural abundance. The phytochemistry of plants was explored, a biological assay against the parasite H. contortus was carried out, and several hypotheses about the way of action were proposed by an innovative electrochemical screening method.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a genetic bleeding disorder characterised by severely reduced/absent platelet aggregation in response to multiple physiological agonists. The severity of bleeding in ...GT varies markedly, as does the emergency situations and complications encountered in patients. A number of emergency situations may occur in the context of GT, including spontaneous or provoked bleeding, such as surgery or childbirth. While general management principles apply in each of these settings, specific considerations are essential for the management of GT to avoid escalating minor bleeding events. These recommendations have been developed from a literature review and consensus from experts of the French Network for Inherited Platelet Disorders, the French Society of Emergency Medicine, representatives of patients' associations, and Orphanet to aid decision making and optimise clinical care by non-GT expert health professionals who encounter emergency situations in patients with GT.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Approximately 30% of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancers experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). Post-operative radiation therapy (RT) can be either offered ...immediately after the surgery in case of aggressive pathological features or proposed early if BCR occurs. Until recently, little data were available regarding the optimal RT timing, protocol, volumes to treat, and the benefit of adding androgen deprivation therapies to post-operative RT. In this review, we aim to pragmatically discuss current literature data on these points. Early salvage RT appears to be the optimal post-operative approach, improving oncological outcomes especially with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, as well as sparing several unnecessary adjuvant treatments. The standard RT dose is still 64–66 Gy to the prostate bed in conventional fractionation, but hypofractionation protocols are emerging pending on late toxicity data. Several scientific societies have published contouring atlases, even though they are heterogeneous and deserve future consensus. During salvage RT, the inclusion of pelvic lymph nodes is also controversial, but preliminary data show a possible benefit for PSA > 0.34 ng/ml at the cost of increased hematological side effects. Concomitant ADT and its duration are also discussed, possibly advantageous (at least in terms of metastasis-free survival) for PSA rates over 0.6 ng/ml, taking into account life expectancy and cardiovascular comorbidities. Intensified regimens, for instance, with new-generation hormone therapies, could further improve outcomes in carefully selected patients. Finally, recent advances in molecular imaging, as well as upcoming breakthroughs in genomics and artificial intelligence tools, could soon reshuffle the cards of the current therapeutic strategy.
Use of predictive models for the prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is gaining attention for prostate cancer (PCa). Specifically, BCR occurs in approximately 20-40% of patients five years ...after radical prostatectomy (RP) and the ability to predict BCR may help clinicians to make better treatment decisions. We aim to investigate the accuracy of CAPRA score compared to others models in predicting the 3-year BCR of PCa patients.
A total of 5043 men who underwent RP were analyzed retrospectively. The accuracy of CAPRA score, Cox regression analysis, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and a densely connected feed-forward neural network (DNN) classifier were compared in terms of 3-year BCR predictive value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was mainly used to assess the performance of the predictive models in predicting the 3 years BCR of PCa patients. Pre-operative data such as PSA level, Gleason grade, and T stage were included in the multivariate analysis. To measure potential improvements to the model performance due to additional data, each model was trained once more with an additional set of post-operative surgical data from definitive pathology.
Using the CAPRA score variables, DNN predictive model showed the highest AUC value of 0.7 comparing to the CAPRA score, logistic regression, KNN, RF, and cox regression with 0.63, 0.63, 0.55, 0.64, and 0.64, respectively. After including the post-operative variables to the model, the AUC values based on KNN, RF, and cox regression and DNN were improved to 0.77, 0.74, 0.75, and 0.84, respectively.
Our results showed that the DNN has the potential to predict the 3-year BCR and outperformed the CAPRA score and other predictive models.
A biomimetic receptor allows selective recognition of organophosphates in water thanks to multipoint recognition associating coordination, electrostatics and cavity hosting.
Societal Impact Statement
Foraging wild food plants is sometimes perceived as a conservation threat or, alternatively, as an opportunity for sustainable development. Little is known of how foragers ...themselves define and ensure sustainable foraging. Here, we collaboratively assessed the activities and motivations of the forager community in Norway in order to achieve a combined social and ecological assessment of foraging sustainability. Current foraging of wild food plants in Norway contributes to an increased appreciation of nature rather than generating negative environmental impact and is hence an opportunity for sustainable development.
Summary
Wild food plants are well recognized as local sources of nutrition that can contribute to food security, but foraging is sometimes viewed as a threat to biological conservation. Here, we characterize and assess sustainable foraging in Norway through transdisciplinary research co‐constructed with the Norwegian Association for Mycology and Foraging.
We conducted 19 face‐to‐face interviews with key stakeholders and produced an online questionnaire returned by 219 recreational and commercial foragers to enquire about what species are harvested, by whom and how, where do foragers learn and what are their perspectives on the sustainability of foraging.
Foraging fosters a strong connection with the natural environment. Foragers decide when and how much can be harvested considering location, plant and plant part being harvested. They pay attention to native plants' conservation status and local abundance and plant individual's survival after foraging and aim to not spread invasive species.
We define sustainable foraging as the knowledge and practices that enable enriching forager–biodiversity relationships over time. Such a definition can support collaborative sustainability efforts between the academic community and civil society.
Sanking av ville matplanter kan bli oppfattet enten som en trussel mot miljøet eller som en innfallsport til bærekraftig utvikling. Vi vet lite om hvordan sankerne selv definerer sankingen eller sikrer at sankingen deres er bærekraftig. Derfor har vi i et samarbeid undersøkt aktivitetene og motivasjonen i det norske sankermiljøet for å forstå deres samfunnsmessige og økologiske tilnærming til hva som er bærekraftig sanking. Heller enn å innebære en negativ påvirkning av natur og miljø bidrar dagens sanking av ville matplanter i Norge til økt forståelse av naturens verdi og representerer en mulighet for bærekraftig utvikling.
Foraging wild food plants is sometimes perceived as a conservation threat or, alternatively, as an opportunity for sustainable development. Little is known of how foragers themselves define and ensure sustainable foraging. Here, we collaboratively assessed the activities and motivations of the forager community in Norway in order to achieve a combined social and ecological assessment of foraging sustainability. Current foraging of wild food plants in Norway contributes to an increased appreciation of nature rather than generating negative environmental impact and is hence an opportunity for sustainable development.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon yet rising cancer worldwide. Definitive chemo-radiation (CRT) remains the best curative treatment option for non-metastatic cases in terms of local ...control, recurrence-free and progression-free survival. Still, despite overall good results, with 80% five-year survival, a subgroup of ASCC patients displays a high level of locoregional and/or metastatic recurrence rates, up to 35%, and may benefit from a more aggressive strategy. Beyond initial staging, there is no reliable marker to predict recurrence following CRT. Imaging, mostly positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bears an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of ASCC. The routine use of radiomics may enhance the quality of information derived from these modalities. It is thought that including data derived from radiomics into the input flow of machine learning algorithms may improve the prediction of recurrence. Although some studies have shown glimmers of hope, more data is needed before offering practitioners tools to identify high-risk patients and enable extensive clinical application, especially regarding the matters of imaging normalization, radiomics process standardization and access to larger patient databases with external validation in order to allow results extrapolation. The aim of this review is to present a critical overview from this data.
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