Carbon stocks and accumulation rates in humus and peat horizons of the contiguous soil series of forest and bog ecosystems have been studied in the Central Forest State Biosphere Reserve, Tver ...Region. Upland soil types (soddy podzolic, brown, and white podzolic) have been compared to paludified (peat-enriched gley podzolic and peaty gley) and bog soils differing in trophic status, including those of upland, transitional, and lowland bogs. The results show that carbon stocks in mineral soils are many times smaller than in waterlogged soils and an order of magnitude smaller than in bog soils. Mineral and bog soils are characterized by similar rates of carbon accumulation averaged over the entire period of their existence. The highest rate of carbon accumulation has been noted for the soils of waterlogged habitats, although this process may be periodically disturbed by fires and other stress influences.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
An iterative algorithm for decomposing an integer composite number C into prime factors X1 and X2 is proposed in which the properties of Vieta’s theorem are used for the reduced quadratic equations ...X2+B·X·C = 0, when the first approximation in iterative computation is taken equal to the square root of the composite number C, then is С, and B is equal to the rounded up to a larger integer from the number С, that is, B = C. In this case, the calculations are carried out by linearly increasing the approximations by one.
Introduction. The development of theories, methods, and algorithms for the discovery and formation of new knowledge has always occupied one of the central places for any researcher, especially if he ...is actively working on the creation of new scientific publications. It is known that there is no universal language for the formal description of concepts (knowledge) and systemology of transdisciplinary scientific research. And therefore, scientists face a number of priority problems, including the problem of significantly accelerating the receipt by a researcher of the cognitively structured information he needs from his sources. The tool complex for processing databases of scientific publications is oriented in this way to a researcher who has published from several tens to hundreds of scientific papers. We are not aware of search engines that could provide such information to a researcher in the shortest possible time. The toolkit implements Information Retrieval and Knowledge Discovery in Databases technologies with an emphasis on Semantic Web and cognitive graphics technologies and tools. The development of such a tool complex involves three stages: at the first stage, tools for implementing the complex, methods and algorithms for the interaction of the “User – Knowledge Engineer – Remote Endpoint” system and filling it with data are created; the second stage, the tasks of multimedia representation of figurative-conceptual structures are solved, which are described in scientific documents, and at the third stage — the solution of the problem of extracting new knowledge. Purpose. The purpose of our research was to further develop a tool complex for processing databases of scientific publications, which allows a scientist to significantly speed up the receipt of the necessary cognitively structured information from his sources. Methods. The methods and models used in the work are based on the information technologies of the Semantic Web and ontological engineering. Results. A tool complex for processing databases of scientific publications based on a remote endpoint based on the Apachi Jena Fuseki server, basic UML diagrams of functioning and examples of executing user requests have been developed. Conclusion. The article introduced and described the architectural and structural organization of the tool complex, which includes a local network from the user’s PC and the PC of the administrator-knowledge engineer and a remote endpoint based on the Apachi Jena Fuseki server, the main UML diagrams of the tool complex functioning and examples of executing user requests.
•A Josephson junction under the influence of a weak periodic driving signal and noise was analyzed.•The double minima versus driving signal frequency of the mean switching time and the standard ...deviation are transformed into a single minimum with decreased driving amplitude.•The resonant nature of escape allows detecting weak signals, such that the total current is smaller than the critical current of a Josephson junction.•The possibility to elaborate a single photon counter for microwave frequency range based on aluminum Josephson junction is discussed.
The Josephson junction as a switching detector of weak signals is investigated in presence of noise in the frame of rotating pendulum model. The parameter range, where the detection can be more efficient, is found. It has been demonstrated, that with decrease of the signal power the double minima of the mean switching time and the standard deviation are transformed into a single minimum, which corresponds to interplay between noise suppression and resonant activation regimes. The resonant nature of escape allows to detect weak signals, whose amplitudes are weaker than the difference between critical current and bias current of a Josephson junction. With decrease of damping an efficient detection becomes possible even at subharmonics of the resonance frequency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
One of the ways to describe objects in images is to identify some of their characteristic points, or points of attention. The neighborhoods of attention points are described by descriptors (sets of ...features) in such way that they can be identified and compared. Based on these features, the search for identical points on other images is carried out. The feature selection process should take into account not only the position of the focus point, but also the size and possible shape of the local neighborhood. Different methods of finding identical characteristic points are known, which use rectangular or circular neighborhood to describe them. The rectangular windows used for neighborhood analysis do not allow selecting the same areas on the reference image and image which is rotated and analyzed. Round windows allow this. The article proposes and studies algorithms for determining the orientation of circular areas in video images, which makes it possible to calculate, in addition to invariant characteristics, characteristics that take into account the location of individual sections of such areas. These are the algorithms: • determination of the orientation of the circular area by moments of the first and second order; • calculation of the mutual orientation of the investigated circular area and the standard according to the moments of the first and second order. As a result of research and experiments, it was established that depending on the algorithm and the content of the circular areas, there are possible deviations in determining their orientation directions. Factors affecting this: accuracy of finding characteristic points; application of certain orientation determination algorithms; differences in the angle of video recording of the reference image and the image under investigation; the location of characteristic points, inside the object or on its border, especially when the background changes; size of neighborhood (analysis window) of characteristic points. It seems appropriate to continue the research orientation determination accuracy of circular areas by various algorithms. To reduce the influence of various side factors, artificial rather than real images should be studied
