The purpose of this study was to compare the assessment of gluconeogenesis (GNG) in the overnight- and prolonged-fasted states and during chronic hypercortisolemia using the arteriovenous difference ...and 14Cphosphoenolpyruvate-liver biopsy techniques as well as a combination of the two. Two weeks before a study, catheters and flow probes were implanted in the hepatic and portal veins and femoral artery of dogs. Animals were studied after an 18-h fast (n = 8), a 42- or 66-h fast (n = 7), and an 18-h fast plus a continuous infusion of cortisol (3.0 mug x kg1 x min1) for 72 h (n = 7). Each experiment consisted of an 80-min tracer (3-3Hglucose and U-14Calanine) and dye equilibration period (80 to 0 min) and a 45-min sampling period. In the cortisol-treated group, plasma cortisol increased fivefold. In the overnight-fasted group, total GNG flux rate (GNGflux), conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose (GNGG-6-PGlc), glucose cycling, and maximal GNG flux rate (GNGmax) were 0.95 +/- 0.14, 0.65 +-/ 0.06, 0.62 +/- 0.06, and 0.70 +/- 0.09 mg x kg1 x min1, respectively. In the prolonged-fasted group, they were 1.50 +/- 0.18, 1.18 +/- 0.13, 0.40 +/- 0.07, and 1.28 +/- 0.10 mg x kg1 x min1, whereas in the cortisol-treated group they were 1.64 +/- 0.33, 0.99 +/- 0.29, 1.32 +/- 0.24, and 0.91 +/- 0.13 mg x kg1 x min1. These results demonstrate that GNGG-6-PGlc and GNGmax were almost identical. However, these rates were 15-38% lower than GNGflux generated by a combination of the two methods. This difference was most apparent in the steroid-treated group, where the combination of the two methods (GNGflux) detected a significant increase in gluconeogenic flux.
Chronic laryngitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be due to infections or tumors, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We present what we believe to be the ...first proven case of herpes simplex virus chronic laryngitis in a man positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Direct laryngoscopy showed leukoplakic lesions on both vocal cords. Biopsy of the lesions showed squamous epithelial cells with the characteristic features of herpes simplex virus, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains. We discuss the differential diagnosis of chronic laryngitis in a human immunodeficiency virus infection. Herpes simplex viral infection of the vocal cords should be considered in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with chronic hoarseness and leukoplakic lesions on direct laryngoscopy, especially with no evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma, tumor, or cytomegaloviral or fungal infection elsewhere. Treatment should be acyclovir, except in the face of acyclovir resistance.
Fat is the fuel for avian migration, but little quantitative information is available concerning the energy expenditure involved in these flights. Most studies of the energetics of avian migration ...have dealt with birds that use powered (flapping) flight. These investigations have been based on laboratory analyses of flight metabolism, field studies of changes in body mass, or inquiries into the quantities of fat necessary to fuel long-distance migratory flights that are less than a week or so in duration. In the present study the authors combine these approaches to analyze the energetics of a different type of migration, the long-distance, long-term soaring flight of Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni ) and the Broad-winged Hawk (B. platypterus ). Such a flight ought to involve large expenditures of metabolic energy. The migration, however, may be accomplished largely without feeding.
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In vitro isolated liver perfusion in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis (CP) has been shown to demonstrate hepatic resistance to insulin. The ability of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to reverse the ...resistance to insulin on glucagon-stimulated hepatic glucose production was therefore investigated in this model. CP was induced in 250 to 300 gm Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of 50 microliters of 99% oleic acid into the pancreas via the common bile duct. After 6 to 8 weeks, isolated liver perfusion was performed on livers from both CP rats and sham-operated control animals (n = 12, 14), both with and without PP administration. Glucagon infusion (100 pg/ml for 30 minutes) produced a five- to sixfold increase in hepatic glucose production. The integrated hepatic glucose output (IHGO) response to glucagon alone was comparable in pancreatic and sham-operated animals; during period 1 (0 to 10 minutes) IHGO was 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/gm-min for sham-operated controls (n = 8) and 7.1 +/- 0.4 mg/gm-min for pancreatitic animals (n = 6) without PP treatment. Animals that received PP (100 ng intraperitoneally 5 hours before liver harvest and perfusion with 4.2 ng/ml from 10 to 30 minutes) demonstrated an IHGO for period 1 for the sham (n = 6) and pancreatitic animals (n = 6) of 5.6 +/- 0.6 and 4.8 +/- 0.8 mg/gm-min, respectively. Insulin infusion (100 microU/ml added to perfusate from 10 to 30 minutes) in CP livers without PP revealed impaired responsiveness to insulin; the ratio of period 3 (20 to 30 minutes)/period 1 IHGO was 110% +/- 5% in CP livers compared with 77% +/- 5% in sham controls (p less than 0.01). In contrast, PP treatment restored hepatic responsiveness to insulin to control levels; the period 3/period 1 IHGO was 75% +/- 13% in CP livers treated with PP, which was indistinguishable from the 67% +/- 9% response seen in sham-operated control animals. These data provide the first in vitro evidence of a primary hepatic glucoregulatory role of PP. Therefore PP deficiency may contribute to altered glucose metabolism through the induction of a reversible hepatic resistance to insulin.
This TMS32010-based, single-board system calculates fast Fourier transforms. Special software makes based calculations transparent to the Fortran user.
Graduate education in library science should be theoretical, have an interdisciplinary approach and be involved in research and experimentation. It must develop the materials, methods, faculty and ...students to meet its goals.
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