Agriculture in the Russian Federation is fundamental to the country's economic performance, living standards, the wellbeing of people and state safety. Considerations relating to food security, ...prospects of and challenges before plant breeding in the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the largest agricultural area of the Russian Federation, are provided in the article. The agricultural area used in the SFD is about 50 million hectares and accounts for 13 % of the country's gross grain production. The need for the introduction of modern molecular biological methods, bioengineering and IT technology is demonstrated and discussed. As Russia as a whole, Siberia is largely engaged in unpromising extensive farming practices, which rely on natural soil fertility, and this factor should be taken into account. Another issue is noncompliance with intensive farming technologies used for cultivating new-generation commercial cultivars. Although capital investments in plant breeding are the most cost effective investments in crop production, breeders' efforts remain underfunded. The article explains the need for fundamental reform in this economic sector: the recognition of plant breeding as being a fundamental science; a fair increase in its funding; the development of a breeding strategy, nationally and regionally; the further expansion of the network of the Breeding Centers; the re-establishment and improvement of the universities' departments specialized in plant breeding and seed production; having more state-funded places in the universities for training plant breeders to be able to maintain and cement the country's advanced position in plant breeding and to develop new globally competitive next-generation cultivars of main crops. Should these issues be ignored, all the problems that have accumulated to date will lead to risks of long-term instability in this economic sector. The need for the careful preservation of continuity in plant breeders and plants being bred is stated. The regulatory functions of the state and agricultural science in plant breeding, plant industry and seed production are considered.
The optimal timing of amniotomy during labor induction is a topic of ongoing debate due to the potential risks associated with both amniotomy and prolonged labor. As such, individuals in the field of ...obstetrics and gynecology must carefully evaluate the associated benefits and drawbacks of this procedure. While amniotomy can expedite the labor process, it may also lead to complications such as umbilical cord prolapse, fetal distress, and infection. Therefore, a careful and thorough examination of the risks and benefits of amniotomy during labor induction is essential in making an informed decision regarding the optimal timing of this procedure.
This study aimed to determine if an amniotomy within 2 hours after Foley balloon removal reduced the duration of active labor and time taken to achieve vaginal delivery when compared with an amniotomy ≥4 hours after balloon removal among term pregnant women who underwent labor induction.
This was an open-label, randomized controlled trial that was conducted at a single academic center from October 2020 to March 2023. Term participants who were eligible for preinduction cervical ripening with a Foley balloon were randomized into 2 groups, namely the early amniotomy (rupture of membranes within 2 hours after Foley balloon removal) and delayed amniotomy (rupture of membranes performed more than 4 hours after Foley balloon removal) groups. Randomization was stratified by parity. The primary outcome was time from Foley balloon insertion to active phase of labor. Secondary outcomes, including time to delivery, cesarean delivery rates, and maternal and neonatal complications, were analyzed using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.
Of the 150 participants who consented and were enrolled, 149 were included in the analysis. In the intention-to-treat population, an early amniotomy did not significantly shorten the time between Foley balloon insertion and active labor when compared with a delayed amniotomy (885 vs 975 minutes; P=.08). An early amniotomy was associated with a significantly shorter time from Foley balloon placement to active labor in nulliparous individuals (1211; 584–2340 vs 1585; 683–2760; P=.02). When evaluating the secondary outcomes, an early amniotomy was associated with a significantly shorter time to active labor onset (312.5 vs 442.5 minutes; P=.02) and delivery (484 vs 587 minutes; P=.03) from Foley balloon removal with a higher rate of delivery within 36 hours (96% vs 85%; P=.03). Individuals in the early amniotomy group reached active labor 1.5 times faster after Foley balloon insertion than those in the delayed group (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.2; P=.02). Those with an early amniotomy also reached vaginal delivery 1.5 times faster after Foley balloon removal than those in the delayed group (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1–2.2; P=.03). A delayed amniotomy was associated with a higher rate of postpartum hemorrhage (0% vs 9.5%; P=.01). No significant differences were observed in the cesarean delivery rates, length of hospital stay, maternal infection, or neonatal outcomes.
Although an early amniotomy does not shorten the time from Foley balloon insertion to active labor, it shortens time from Foley balloon removal to active labor and delivery without increasing complications. The increased postpartum hemorrhage rate in the delayed amniotomy group suggests increased risks with delayed amniotomy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
INTRODUCTION. Ch.T. Aitmatov (1928–2008) is a major writer whose work was originally associated with Kyrgyzstan, was widely known in the Soviet Union, and recognized by the world cultural community. ...His prose is associated with several directions and trends in Russian Soviet literature. The purpose of the study is to draw parallels between Aitmatov’s works of the 1960–1980s and Russian traditionalist literature of that time, to establish the degree of poetic “kinship” between phenomena belonging to different national cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS . The research material is Ch. Aitmatov’s stories “My Poplar in a Red Scarf”, “Mother’s Field”, the novel “Stormy Stop”, F. Abramov’s novel “Home”, V. Astafiev’s stories, V. Shukshin’s stories. The main methods of studying the material are comparative typological, historical and genetic; a mythopoetic approach to the analysis of literary works is also used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . It has been established that Ch. Aitmatov’s prose is related to “industrial literature”, to “lyrical prose”, to “youth literature”. The connections between Aitmatov’s stories and novels and “village prose” turn out to be closer. The desire to preserve memory, traditions, and archetypes of behavior characteristic of the centuries-old culture of the Kyrgyz people is of great importance for the heroes of Ch. Aitmatov’s stories and novels. This trend also characterizes Russian traditionalist literature of the 1960–1980s, which declared the need for a careful attitude towards Russian national traditions. In many respects, the images of the main characters and the mythological motifs of the works of Ch. Aitmatov and the Russian “villages” turn out to be consonant and comparable in a number of parameters. Significant similarities were revealed in the perception of the native land and fields in the works of the “villagers” and Ch. Aitmatov, in the depiction of ambiguous socio-ethical processes in Soviet society of the 1960–1980s, in the understanding of the processes of corrosion of a national character. CONCLUSION. Prose by Ch.T. Aitmatov is close to various currents of Russian literature of the twentieth century in its characteristic humanistic orientation, in its attention to the hero involved in solving acute social and ethical problems of the time. Ch. Aitmatov’s prose is characterized by a poetic “kinship” with the traditionalist direction of Russian literature, manifested in genre, composition, figurative, ideological analogies and correspondences between phenomena belonging to different national cultures. They are brought together by the image of the mother earth, an attempt to rehabilitate and preserve the archetypes of national ethics, to integrate them into modernity full of contradictions. It seems promising to further study the parallels between Ch. Aitmatov’s prose and Russian traditionalist literature in order to determine the national identity of the writers’ artistic worlds and clarify the origins of the commonality of their concepts of the world and man.
Transition metal nitrides are of great technological and fundamental importance because of their strength and durability and because of their useful optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. We ...have evaluated a recently synthesized platinum nitride (PtN) that was shown to have a large bulk modulus, and we propose a structure that is isostructural with pyrite and has the stoichiometry PtN₂. We have also synthesized a recoverable nitride of iridium under nearly the same conditions of pressure and temperature as PtN₂. Although it has the same stoichiometry, it exhibits much lower structural symmetry. Preliminary results suggest that the bulk modulus of this material is also very large.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Threshability, rachis fragility and spike shape are critical traits for the domestication and evolution of wheat, determining the crop yield and efficiency of the harvest. Spelt factor gene Q ...controls a wide range of domestication-related traits in polyploid wheats, including those mentioned above. The main goal of the present study was to characterise the Q gene for uninvestigated accessions of wheats, including four endemics, and Aegilops accessions, and to analyze the species evolution based on differences in Q gene sequences.
We have studied the spike morphology for 15 accessions of wheat species, including four endemics, namely Triticum macha, T. tibetanum, T. aestivum ssp. petropavlovskyi and T. spelta ssp. yunnanense, and 24 Aegilops accessions, which are donors of B and D genomes for polyploid wheat. The Q-5A, q-5D and q-5S genes were investigated, and a novel allele of the Q-5A gene was found in accessions of T. tibetanum (KU510 and KU515). This allele was similar to the Q allele of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring but had an insertion 161 bp in length within exon 5. This insertion led to a frameshift and premature stop codon formation. Thus, the T. tibetanum have spelt spikes, which is probably determined by the gene Tg, rather than Q. We determined the variability within the q-5D genes among hexaploid wheat and their D genome donor Aegilops tauschii. Moreover, we studied the accessions C21-5129, KU-2074, and K-1100 of Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata, which could be involved in the origin of hexaploid wheats.
The variability and phylogenetic relationships of the Q gene sequences studied allowed us to clarify the relationships between species of the genus Triticum and to predict the donor of the D genome among the Ae. tauschii accessions. Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata accessions C21-5129, KU-2074 and K-1100 are the most interesting among the analysed accessions, since their partial sequence of q-5D is identical to the q-5D of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. This result indicates that the donor is Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata but not Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii. Our analysis allowed us to clarify the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Triticum.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of directly driven fusion experiments at the Omega Laser Facility predict absorption accurately when targets are driven at low overlapped laser intensity. ...Discrepancies appear at increased intensity, however, with higher-than-expected laser absorption on target. Strong correlations with signatures of the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability-including half-harmonic and hard-x-ray emission-indicate that TPD is responsible for this anomalous absorption. Scattered light data suggest that up to ≈30% of the laser power reaching quarter-critical density can be absorbed locally when the TPD threshold is exceeded. A scaling of absorption versus TPD threshold parameter was empirically determined and validated using the laser-plasma simulation environment code.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly recognized clinical complication of metabolic syndrome. No adequate animal model of ...PH-HFpEF is available, and no effective therapies have been identified to date. A recent study suggested that dietary nitrate improves insulin resistance in endothelial nitric oxide synthase null mice, and multiple studies have reported that both nitrate and its active metabolite, nitrite, have therapeutic activity in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension.
To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of nitrite in metabolic syndrome associated with PH-HFpEF, we developed a 2-hit PH-HFpEF model in rats with multiple features of metabolic syndrome attributable to double-leptin receptor defect (obese ZSF1) with the combined treatment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor blocker SU5416. Chronic oral nitrite treatment improved hyperglycemia in obese ZSF1 rats by a process that requires skeletal muscle SIRT3-AMPK-GLUT4 signaling. The glucose-lowering effect of nitrite was abolished in SIRT3-deficient human skeletal muscle cells, and in SIRT3 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet, as well. Skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with metabolic syndrome after 12 weeks of oral sodium nitrite and nitrate treatment (IND#115926) displayed increased activation of SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Finally, early treatments with nitrite and metformin at the time of SU5416 injection reduced pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling in the PH-HFpEF model with robust activation of skeletal muscle SIRT3 and AMP-activated protein kinase.
These studies validate a rodent model of metabolic syndrome and PH-HFpEF, suggesting a potential role of nitrite and metformin as a preventative treatment for this disease.
A primary
in vitro
analysis of the anticholinesterase properties of substituted 1,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1
H
-benzimidazol-2-ones was performed along with
in silico
calculation of their oral toxicity. These ...compounds are analogs of BIMU-8, a well-known agonist of serotonin 5-HT
4
receptors, and are supposed to combine the functions of cholinesterase inhibitors and serotonin receptor agonists. Biochemical analysis showed the ability of the obtained chemicals to inhibit acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. A compound with minimal toxicity, high inhibitory ability against butyrylcholinesterase, and low inhibitory ability against acetylcholinesterase has been identified, which is of greatest interest for further experimental development.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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