The capacity for ion compartmentalization among different tissues and cells is the key mechanism regulating salt tolerance in plants. In this study, we investigated the ion compartmentalization ...capacity of two upland cotton genotypes with different salt tolerances under salt shock at the tissue, cell and molecular levels. We found that the leaf glandular trichome could secrete more salt ions in the salt-tolerant genotype than in the sensitive genotype, demonstrating the excretion of ions from tissue may be a new mechanism to respond to short-term salt shock. Furthermore, an investigation of the ion distribution demonstrated that the ion content was significantly lower in critical tissues and cells of the salt-tolerant genotype, indicating the salt-tolerant genotype had a greater capacity for ion compartmentalization in the shoot. By comparing the membrane H
-ATPase activity and the expression of ion transportation-related genes, we found that the H
-ATPase activity and Na
/H
antiporter are the key factors determining the capacity for ion compartmentalization in leaves, which might further determine the salt tolerance of cotton. The novel function of the glandular trichome and the comparison of Na
compartmentalization between two cotton genotypes with contrasting salt tolerances provide a new understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism in cotton.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
was used to cross with
to improve the resistance of oil camellia anthracnose. However, unilateral cross-incompatibility (UCI) between
and
was found during the breeding process. Five
cultivars and ...four
materials were tested to confirm the UCI between
and
. 'Huashuo' (HS) and 'Youza 2' (YZ2) were used to represent these two species to characterize the UCI, including pollen tube growth, fertilization and fruit development. The results demonstrated that UCI was prevalent between
and
. The asynchronous flowering period was a pre-pollination barrier that limited mating between these two species under natural conditions. Interspecific pollen tubes were observed through the styles of these two plants, though the growth rates differed considerably. At 96 hours after pollination, the pollen tube of YZ2 barely entered the ovule, but remained at the base of the style and became swollen. However, the HS pollen tube entered the ovule 48 hours after pollination, double fertilization was observed, and the fruit and seeds developed commonly. Relative to compatible combinations, most unfertilized ovules in incompatible combinations failed to grow, turned brown 150 days after pollination, and the fruits were smaller than expected with uneven enlargement. Investigations on both semi-
and
pollen tubes gave us new idea for thought: the HS style has a stronger inhibitory effect on the interspecific pollen tubes, while calcium alleviates the inhibitory of styles but failed to prevent the appearance of abnormal pollen tube morphology. This study provides useful information on interspecific hybridization between
and
for understanding reproductive isolation mechanisms and breeding programs in genus
.
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are part of genes, which are not translated into proteins and play a vital role in plant growth and development. Nevertheless, the presence of LncRNAs and how they ...functions in Ligon-lintless-1 mutant during the early cessation of cotton fiber development are still not well understood. In order to investigate the function of LncRNAs in cotton fiber development, it is necessary and important to identify LncRNAs and their potential roles in fiber cell development.
In this work, we identified 18,333 LncRNAs, with the proportion of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (LincRNAs) (91.5%) and anti-sense LncRNAs (8.5%), all transcribed from Ligon-lintless-1 (Li1) and wild-type (WT). Expression differences were detected between Ligon-lintless-1 and wild-type at 0 and 8 DPA (day post anthesis). Pathway analysis and Gene Ontology based on differentially expressed LncRNAs on target genes, indicated fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation being integral to lack of fiber in mutant cotton. The result of RNA-seq and RT-qPCR clearly singles out two potential LncRNAs, LNC_001237 and LNC_017085, to be highly down-regulated in the mutant cotton. The two LncRNAs were found to be destabilized or repressed by ghr-miR2950. Both RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR results in Ligon-lintless-1 mutant and wild-type may provide strong evidence of LNC_001237, LNC_017085 and ghr-miR2950 being integral molecular elements participating in various pathways of cotton fiber development.
The results of this study provide fundamental evidence for the better understanding of LncRNAs regulatory role in the molecular pathways governing cotton fiber development. Further research on designing and transforming LncRNAs will help not only in the understanding of their functions but will also in the improvement of fiber quality.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Upland cotton (
Gossypium hirsutum
L.) is an important economic crop for renewable textile fibers. However, the simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in cotton is difficult as ...the linkage drag. Compared with breaking the linkage drag, identification of the favorable pleiotropic loci on the genome level by genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides a new way to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously. In our study restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to genotype 316 cotton accessions. Eight major traits in three categories including yield, fiber quality and maturation were investigated in nine environments (3 sites × 3 years). 231 SNPs associated with these eight traits (− log
10
(
P
) > 5.27) were identified, located in 27 genomic regions respectively by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Further analysis showed that four genomic regions (the region 1, 6, 8 and 23) held favorable pleiotropic loci and 6 candidate genes were identified. Through genotyping, 14 elite accessions carrying the favorable loci on four pleiotropic regions were identified. These favorable pleiotropic loci and elite genotypes identified in this study will be utilized to improve the yield and fiber quality simultaneously in future cotton breeding.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Camellia oleifera , a major woody oil plant, has a low oil yield because of self-incompatibility. For commercial oil production, compatible pollen and optimal cross-pollination combinations are ...required. To evaluate the effects of pollination compatibility and pollen source on oil yield and quality, four C. oleifera cultivars—Huashuo (HS), Huajin (HJ), Huaxin (HX), and Xianglin XLC15 (XL)—were subjected to self-, cross-, and natural pollination. Pollen compatibility, oil yield, and quality indices were analyzed. There were no significant differences in pollen germination and tube growth between self- and cross-pollination. Following self-pollination, fertilization was unsuccessful, resulting in severe ovule dysplasia; cross-pollination decreased the ovule abortion rate. Pollen source significantly affected the fruit set, fruit traits, seed traits, and fatty acid content, implying xenia in C. oleifera . In cross-pollinated plants, HX pollen produced more seeds, and HJ pollen increased linoleic acid content relative to naturally pollinated plants. For the XL and HS combinations, linolenic acid contents were significantly higher than other pollination combinations. However, oleic acid content was not significantly affected by pollen source, in any of the cultivars. Cultivar HX was, therefore, the most effective pollen donor, and HS × HX was the optimal cross-pollination combination for improving oil yield and sustainability.
C2H2-zinc finger protein family is commonly found in the plant, and it is known as the key actors in the regulation of transcription and vital component of chromatin structure. A large number of the ...C2H2-zinc finger gene members have not been well characterized based on their functions and structure in cotton. However, in other plants, only a few C2H2-zinc finger genes have been studied.
In this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis and identified 386, 196 and 195 C2H2-zinc finger genes in Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton), Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the C2H2-zinc finger proteins encoding the C2H2-zinc finger genes were classified into seven (7) subgroups. Moreover, the C2H2-zinc finger gene members were distributed in all cotton chromosomes though with asymmetrical distribution patterns. All the orthologous genes were detected between tetraploid and the diploid cotton, with 154 orthologous genes pair detected between upland cotton and Gossypium arboreum while 165 orthologous genes were found between upland cotton and Gossypium raimondii. Synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous (Ka) nucleotide substitution rates (Ka/Ks) analysis indicated that the cotton C2H2-zinc finger genes were highly influenced mainly by negative selection, which maintained their protein levels after the duplication events. RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR validation of the RNA seq result revealed differential expression pattern of some the C2H2-zinc finger genes at different stages of cotton fiber development, an indication that the C2H2-zinc finger genes play an important role in initiating and regulating fiber development in cotton.
This study provides a strong foundation for future practical genome research on C2H2-zinc finger genes in upland cotton. The expression levels of C2H2-zinc finger genes family is a pointer of their involvement in various biochemical and physiological functions which are directly related to cotton fiber development during initiation and elongation stages. This work not only provides a basis for determining the nominal role of the C2H2-zinc finger genes in fiber development but also provide valuable information for characterization of potential candidate genes involved in regulation of cotton fiber development.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Salinity is not only a major environmental factor which limits plant growth and productivity, but it has also become a worldwide problem. However, little is known about the genetic basis underlying ...salt tolerance in cotton. This study was carried out to identify marker-trait association signals of seven salt-tolerance-related traits and one salt tolerance index using association analysis for 215 accessions of Asiatic cotton. According to a comprehensive index of salt tolerance (CIST), 215 accessions were mainly categorized into four groups, and 11 accessions with high salinity tolerance were selected for breeding. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed nine SNP rich regions significantly associated with relative fresh weight (RFW), relative stem length (RSL), relative water content (RRWC) and CIST. The nine SNP rich regions analysis revealed 143 polymorphisms that distributed 40 candidate genes and significantly associated with salt tolerance. Notably, two SNP rich regions on chromosome 7 were found to be significantly associated with two salinity related traits, RFW and RSL, by the threshold of -log
≥ 6.0, and two candidate genes (Cotton_A_37775 and Cotton_A_35901) related to two key SNPs (Ca7_33607751 and Ca7_77004962) were possibly associated with salt tolerance in
. These can provide fundamental information which will be useful for future molecular breeding of cotton, in order to release novel salt tolerant cultivars.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits upland cotton growth and reduces fibre production worldwide. To reveal genetic regulation via transcript and protein levels after salt stress, we ...comprehensively analysed the global changes in mRNA, miRNA, and protein profiles in response to salt stress in two contrasting salt-tolerant cotton genotypes.
In the current study, proteomic and mRNA-seq data were combined to reveal that some genes are differentially expressed at both the proteomic and mRNA levels. However, we observed no significant change in mRNA corresponding to most of the strongly differentially abundant proteins. This finding may have resulted from global changes in alternative splicing events and miRNA levels under salt stress conditions. Evidence was provided indicating that several salt stress-responsive proteins can alter miRNAs and modulate alternative splicing events in upland cotton. The results of the stringent screening of the mRNA-seq and proteomic data between the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes identified 63 and 85 candidate genes/proteins related to salt tolerance after 4 and 24 h of salt stress, respectively, between the tolerant and sensitive genotype. Finally, we predicted an interaction network comprising 158 genes/proteins and then discovered that two main clusters in the network were composed of ATP synthase (CotAD_74681) and cytochrome oxidase (CotAD_46197) in mitochondria. The results revealed that mitochondria, as important organelles involved in energy metabolism, play an essential role in the synthesis of resistance proteins during the process of salt exposure.
We provided a plausible schematic for the systematic salt tolerance model; this schematic reveals multiple levels of gene regulation in response to salt stress in cotton and provides a list of salt tolerance-related genes/proteins. The information here will facilitate candidate gene discovery and molecular marker development for salt tolerance breeding in cotton.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fiber quality and yield improvement are crucial for cotton domestication and breeding. With the transformation in spinning techniques and multiplicity needs, the development of cotton fiber quality ...and yield is of great importance. A genetic map of 5178 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers were generated using 277 F
population, from an intra-specific cross between two upland cotton accessions, CCRI35 a high fiber quality as female and Nan Dan Ba Di Da Hua (NH), with good yield properties as male parent. The map spanned 4768.098 cM with an average distance of 0.92 cM. A total of 110 Quantitative Traits Loci (QTLs) were identified for 11 traits, but only 30 QTLs were consistent in at least two environments. The highest percentage of phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL was 15.45%. Two major cluster regions were found, cluster 1 (chromosome17-D03) and cluster 2 (chromosome26-D12). Five candidate genes were identified in the two QTL cluster regions. Based on GO functional annotation, all the genes were highly correlated with fiber development, with functions such as protein kinase and phosphorylation. The five genes were associated with various fiber traits as follows:
linked to qFM-D03_cb,
,
,
associated with qFS-D12_cb and
linked to qFY-D12_cb. Further structural annotation and fine mapping is needed to determine the specific role played by the five identified genes in fiber quality and yield related pathway.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
