This article is a literature review of the effect of different catalysts and additives on biodiesel production, performance, combustion and emission characteristics. This study is based on the ...reports of about 60 scientists who published their findings between 1998 and 2010. It was reported that base catalyst produced more biodiesel compared to acid type catalysts. There was not much variation in engine performance with the use of catalyst. Combustion characteristics were improved with the use of additives. It was found that ignition delay was reduced and premixed combustion duration was increased with the addition of catalyst. HC emission and PM emission were reduced with the use of catalysts.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for relapsed aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in part on the basis of durable remission rates of approximately ...40% in a clinical trial population. Whether this efficacy, and the rates of toxicity, would be consistent in a postcommercial setting, with relaxed eligibility criteria and bridging therapy, is unknown. This study describes the efficacy and safety correlates and outcomes in this setting.
One hundred twenty-two patients from 7 medical centers in the United States were treated with axi-cel and were included in a modified intent-to-treat (mITT) analysis. Seventy-six patients (62%) were ineligible for the ZUMA-1 trial. Response and toxicity rates, duration of response (DOR), survival, and covariates are described on the basis of the mITT population. Correlative studies on blood and tumor samples were performed to investigate potential biomarkers of response and resistance.
Median follow-up was 10.4 months. In the mITT population, the best overall and complete response (CR) rates were 70% and 50%, respectively. Median DOR and progression-free survival (PFS) were 11.0 and 4.5 months in all patients and were not reached (NR) in CR patients. Median overall survival (OS) was NR; 1-year OS was 67% (95% CI, 59% to 77%). Although response rates were similar in the ZUMA-1-eligible and ZUMA-1-ineligible groups (70%
68%), there was a statistically significant improvement in CR rate (63%
42%,
= .016), DOR (median, NR
5.0 months;
= .014), PFS (median, NR
3.3 months;
= .020), and OS (1-year OS, 89%
54%;
< .001) in patients who were ZUMA-1 eligible. Rates of grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicty were 16% and 35%, respectively.
Axi-cel yields similar rates of overall response and toxicity in commercial and trial settings, although CR rates and DOR were more favorable in patients eligible for ZUMA-1.
► Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using guar gum. ► Gold nanoparticle is characterized by using UV–vis, XRD, SEM and TEM. ► Gold nanoparticle is used for room temperature optical ammonia ...sensor. ► It show high sensitivity, ultra low detection limit and fast response.
A low cost eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using guar gum (GG) as a reducing agent is reported. The nanoparticles obtained are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on these results, a potential mechanism for this method of AuNPs synthesis is discussed. GG/AuNPs nanocomposite (GG/AuNPs NC) was exploited for optical sensor for detection of aqueous ammonia based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It was found to have good reproducibility, response times of ∼10s and excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 1ppb (parts-per-billion). This system allows the rapid production of an ultra-low-cost GG/AuNPs NC-based aqueous ammonia sensor.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The paper describes the electronic charging and conducting properties of vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays formed by anodization of Ti foil samples. The resulting films, composed of vertically ...oriented nanotubes approximately 10 μm long, wall thickness 22 nm, and pore diameter 56 nm, are analyzed using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Depending on the electrochemical conditions two rather different electronic behaviors are observed. Nanotube array samples in basic medium show behavior analogous to that of nanoparticulate TiO2 films used in dye-sensitized solar cells: a chemical capacitance and electronic conductivity that increase exponentially with bias potential indicating a displacement of the Fermi level. Nanotube array samples in acidic medium, or samples in a basic medium submitted to a strong negative bias, exhibit a large increase in capacitance and conductivity indicating Fermi level pinning. The contrasting behaviors are ascribed to proton intercalation of the TiO2. Our results suggest a route for controlling the electronic properties of the ordered metal-oxide nanostructures for their use in applications including supercapacitors, dye-sensitized solar cells, and gas sensing.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that selectively delivers monomethyl auristatin E, an antimicrotubule agent, into CD30-expressing cells. In phase I studies, brentuximab ...vedotin demonstrated significant activity with a favorable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas.
In this multinational, open-label, phase II study, the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin were evaluated in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT). Patients had histologically documented CD30-positive HL by central pathology review. A total of 102 patients were treated with brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. In the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity, patients received a maximum of 16 cycles. The primary end point was the overall objective response rate (ORR) determined by an independent radiology review facility.
The ORR was 75% with complete remission (CR) in 34% of patients. The median progression-free survival time for all patients was 5.6 months, and the median duration of response for those in CR was 20.5 months. After a median observation time of more than 1.5 years, 31 patients were alive and free of documented progressive disease. The most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral sensory neuropathy, nausea, fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea.
The ADC brentuximab vedotin was associated with manageable toxicity and induced objective responses in 75% of patients with relapsed or refractory HL after auto-SCT. Durable CRs approaching 2 years were observed, supporting study in earlier lines of therapy.
In an effort to obtain a material architecture suitable for high-efficiency visible spectrum water photoelectrolysis, herein we report on the fabrication and visible spectrum (380−650 nm) ...photoelectrochemical properties of self-aligned, vertically oriented Ti−Fe−O nanotube array films. Ti−Fe metal films of variable composition, iron content ranging from 69% to 3.5%, co-sputtered onto FTO-coated glass are anodized in an ethylene glycol + NH4F electrolyte. The resulting amorphous samples are annealed in oxygen at 500 °C, resulting in nanotubes composed of a mixed Ti−Fe−O oxide. Some of the iron goes into the titanium lattice substituting titanium ions, and the rest either forms α-Fe2O3 crystallites or remains in the amorphous state. Depending upon the Fe content, the band gap of the resulting films ranges from about 380 to 570 nm. The Ti−Fe oxide nanotube array films are utilized in solar spectrum water photoelectrolysis, demonstrating 2 mA/cm2 under AM 1.5 illumination with a sustained, time−energy normalized hydrogen evolution rate by water splitting of 7.1 mL/W·hr in a 1 M KOH solution with a platinum counter electrode under an applied bias of 0.7 V. The surface morphology, structure, elemental analysis, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of the Ti−Fe oxide nanotube array films are considered.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
We examine the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and "built environments" on obesity and overweight prevalence among U.S. children and adolescents using the 2007 National Survey of ...Children's Health. The odds of a child's being obese or overweight were 20-60 percent higher among children in neighborhoods with the most unfavorable social conditions such as unsafe surroundings; poor housing; and no access to sidewalks, parks, and recreation centers than among children not facing such conditions. The effects were much greater for females and younger children; for example, girls ages 10-11 were two to four times more likely than their counterparts from more favorable neighborhoods to be overweight or obese. Our findings can contribute to policy decisions aimed at reducing health inequalities and promoting obesity prevention efforts such as community-based physical activity and healthy diet initiatives.
Memristive devices are among the most emerging electronic elements to realize artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing (NC) applications and have potential to replace the traditional ...von-Neumann computing architecture in recent times. In this work, pulsed laser deposition-manufactured Ag/TiO2/Pt memristor devices exhibiting digital and analog switching behavior are considered for NC. The TiO2 memristor shows excellent performance of digital resistive switching with a memory window of order ∼103. Furthermore, the analog resistive switching offers multiple conductance levels supporting the development of the bioinspired synapse. A possible mechanism for digital and analog switching behavior in our device is proposed. Remarkably, essential synaptic functions such as pair-pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD) are successfully realized based on the change in conductance through analog memory characteristics. Based on the LTP-LTD, a neural network simulation for the pattern recognition task using the MNIST data set is investigated, which shows a high recognition accuracy of 95.98%. Furthermore, more complex synaptic behavior such as spike-time-dependent plasticity and Pavlovian classical conditioning is successfully emulated for associative learning of the biological brain. This work enriches the TiO2-based resistive random-access memory, which provides information about the simultaneous existence of digital and analog behavior, thereby facilitating the further implementation of memristors in low-power NC.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Reversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) property of multi-walled-carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy nanocomposites is investigated as an alternative to conventional shape memory programming ...and for possible applications in self-healing systems. A commercially available structural grade epoxy resin is tailored to realize RPSM effect and the material properties are further enhanced with the addition of MWCNT in the polymer matrix. The samples are characterized for their mechanical, thermal, morphological and crystallographic properties. This paper systematically investigates the effect of MWCNT addition on the properties of the epoxy matrix. To study the RPSM effect, the nanocomposites are programmed by cold drawing and stress relaxation below the glass transition temperature (Tg) and recovered by reheating above Tg. A comprehensive study on the effect of programming conditions like strain rate, strain level and stress relaxation time on the RPSM property is presented. Results reveal that all samples show excellent shape recovery property under various programming conditions. The addition of MWCNT resulted in a significant increase in modulus and strength, decrease in failure strain, increase in Tg and an improvement in RPSM properties like shape fixity, response temperature and recovery speed. As a result, this study shows that by controlling the parameters like glass transition temperature, filler content and the programming conditions, the material can be effectively designed for application in smart structures with shape memory and/or self healing capabilities.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
PDF
