The authors propose a model of the prosocial classroom that highlights the importance of teachers' social and emotional competence (SEC) and well-being in the development and maintenance of ...supportive teacher-student relationships, effective classroom management, and successful social and emotional learning program implementation. This model proposes that these factors contribute to creating a classroom climate that is more conducive to learning and that promotes positive developmental outcomes among students. Furthermore, this article reviews current research suggesting a relationship between SEC and teacher burnout and reviews intervention efforts to support teachers' SEC through stress reduction and mindfulness programs. Finally, the authors propose a research agenda to address the potential efficacy of intervention strategies designed to promote teacher SEC and improved learning outcomes for students.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The avoidable mortality rate is a key indicator of overall health and health care utilization. However, the avoidable mortality rate may differ by the relative remoteness of a community. Avoidable ...mortality rates specific to remote areas cannot be investigated unless there is a clear geographic classification of remoteness. Therefore, this research uses a newly developed remoteness index to explore the geographic variability of avoidable mortality in Canada.
The remoteness index, Canadian Vital Statistics-Death Database (2011 to 2015), and the 2016 Census of Population are used to understand the geographic variability of preventable and treatable mortality rates in Canada. Descriptive and multivariate data analysis techniques are used to test the hypothesis that remoteness is one of the statistically significant predictors of avoidable mortality rates in Canada.
There is a clear gradient of preventable and treatable mortality rates by relative remoteness. The preventable and treatable mortality rates are significantly higher in more remote areas than in easily accessible areas. The remoteness index is a good predictor of both preventable and treatable causes of mortality for low-Aboriginal census subdivisions but not for high-Aboriginal census subdivisions in Canada.
Both preventable and treatable mortality rates vary significantly by remoteness, despite Canada's universal health care system. The remoteness of Canadian communities may have affected health care delivery and utilization.
Recovery from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) requires an intensive course of postoperative rehabilitation. Although guidelines outlining evidence-based rehabilitation ...recommendations have been published, actual practice patterns of physical therapists are unknown.
To analyze the current landscape of clinical practice as it pertains to rehabilitation progression and the use of time and objective criteria in rehabilitation following ACLR.
In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was distributed to members of the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy, and the Private Practice Section of the American Physical Therapy Association between January and March 2017.
The study analyzed a sample of 1074 responses. Supervised physical therapy was reported to last 5 months or less by 56% of survey respondents. The most frequent time frames for activity progression were 3 to 4 months (58%) for jogging, 4 to 5 months (50%) for modified sports activity, and 9 to 12 months (40%) for unrestricted sports participation. More than 80% of respondents reported using strength and functional measures during rehabilitation. Of those physical therapists who assessed strength, 56% used manual muscle testing as their only means of strength testing. Single-limb hop testing (89%) was the most frequently reported measure used to allow patients to begin modified sports activity following ACLR. Performance criteria for strength and functional tests varied significantly across all phases of rehabilitation. The 45% of respondents who reported using patient-reported outcome measures indicated that just under 10% of those measures involved fear or athletic confidence scales.
Considerable variation in practice exists among American Physical Therapy Association members regarding rehabilitation following ACLR. This variability in practice may contribute to suboptimal outcomes and confusion among practitioners and patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(10):801-811. Epub 22 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8264.
IMPORTANCE: Hospitals use rates from the best quartile or decile as benchmarks for quality improvement aims, but to what extent these aims are achievable is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the ...proportion of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in 2014 that achieved rates for death and major morbidities as low as the shrunken adjusted rates from the best quartile and decile in 2005 and the time it took to achieve those rates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 408 164 infants with a birth weight of 501 to 1500 g born from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2014, and cared for at 756 Vermont Oxford Network member NICUs in the United States were evaluated. Logistic regression models with empirical Bayes factors were used to estimate standardized morbidity ratios for each NICU. Each ratio was multiplied by the overall network rate to calculate the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the shrunken adjusted rates for each year. The proportion in 2014 that achieved the 10th and 25th percentile rates from 2005 and the number of years it took for 75% of NICUs to achieve the 2005 rates from the best quartile were estimated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Death prior to hospital discharge, infection more than 3 days after birth, severe retinopathy of prematurity, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and chronic lung disease among infants less than 33 weeks’ gestational age at birth. RESULTS: Of the 756 hospitals, 695 provided data for 2014. The mean unadjusted infant-level rate of death before hospital discharge decreased from 14.0% in 2005 to 10.9% in 2014. In 2014, 689 of 695 NICUs (99.1%; 95% CI, 97.4%-100.0%) achieved the 2005 shrunken adjusted rates from the best quartile for death prior to discharge, 678 of 695 (97.6%; 95% CI, 95.8%-99.6%) for late-onset infection, 558 of 681 (81.9%; 95% CI, 77.2%-86.6%) for severe retinopathy of prematurity, 611 of 693 (88.2%; 95% CI, 81.7%-97.0%) for severe intraventricular hemorrhage, 529 of 696 (76.0%; 95% CI, 71.8%-81.2%) for necrotizing enterocolitis, and 286 of 693 (41.3%; 95% CI, 36.1%-45.6%) for chronic lung disease. It took 3 years before 445 NICUs (75.0%) achieved the 2005 shrunken adjusted rate from the best quartile for death prior to discharge, 5 years to achieve the rate from the best quartile for late-onset infection, 6 years to achieve the rate from the best quartile for severe retinopathy of prematurity and severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and 8 years to achieve the rate from the best quartile for necrotizing enterocolitis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: From 2005 to 2014, rates of death prior to discharge and serious morbidities decreased among the NICUs in this study. Within 8 years, 75% of NICUs achieved rates of performance from the best quartile of the 2005 benchmark for all outcomes except chronic lung disease. These findings provide a novel way to quantify the magnitude and pace of improvement in neonatology.
Summary
It is commonly known that animal pathogens often target and suppress programmed cell death (pcd) pathway components to manipulate their hosts. In contrast, plant pathogens often trigger pcd. ...In cases in which plant pcd accompanies disease resistance, an event called the hypersensitive response, the plant surveillance system has learned to detect pathogen‐secreted molecules in order to mount a defence response. In plants without genetic disease resistance, these secreted molecules serve as virulence factors that act through largely unknown mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that plant bacterial pathogens also secrete antiapoptotic proteins to promote their virulence. In contrast, a number of fungal pathogens secrete pcd‐promoting molecules that are critical virulence factors. Here, we review recent progress in determining the role and regulation of plant pcd responses that accompany both resistance and susceptible interactions. We also review progress in discerning the mechanisms by which plant pcd occurs during these different interactions.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network recently proposed new, severity-based diagnostic criteria for ...bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study provides the first benchmark epidemiological data applying this definition.
METHODS
Retrospective cohort study of infants born from 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation in 2018 at 715 US hospitals in the Vermont Oxford Network. Rates of BPD, major neonatal morbidities, and common respiratory therapies, stratified by BPD severity, were determined.
RESULTS
Among 24 896 infants, 2574 (10.3%) died before 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA), 12 198 (49.0%) did not develop BPD, 9192 (36.9%) developed grade 1 or 2 BPD, and 932 (3.7%) developed grade 3 BPD. Rates of mortality before 36 weeks’ PMA and grade 3 BPD decreased from 52.7% and 9.9%, respectively, among infants born at 22 weeks’ gestation to 17.3% and 0.8% among infants born at 29 weeks’ gestation. Grade 1 or 2 BPD peaked in incidence (51.8%) among infants born at 25 weeks’ gestation. The frequency of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia increased from 4.8% among survivors without BPD to 23.4% among survivors with grade 3 BPD. Similar ranges were observed for late onset sepsis (4.8%–31.4%), surgically treated necrotizing enterocolitis (1.4%–17.1%), severe retinopathy of prematurity (1.2%–23.0%), and home oxygen therapy (2.0%–67.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
More than one-half of very preterm infants born in the United States died before 36 weeks’ PMA or developed BPD. Greater BPD severity was associated with more frequent development of major neonatal morbidities, in-hospital mortality, and use of supplemental respiratory support at discharge.
The burden of morbidity and mortality from non-communicable disease has risen worldwide and is accelerating in low-income and middle-income countries, whereas the burden from infectious diseases has ...declined. Since this transition, the prevention of non-communicable disease as well as communicable disease causes of adolescent mortality has risen in importance. Problem behaviours that increase the short-term or long-term likelihood of morbidity and mortality, including alcohol, tobacco, and other drug misuse, mental health problems, unsafe sex, risky and unsafe driving, and violence are largely preventable. In the past 30 years new discoveries have led to prevention science being established as a discipline designed to mitigate these problem behaviours. Longitudinal studies have provided an understanding of risk and protective factors across the life course for many of these problem behaviours. Risks cluster across development to produce early accumulation of risk in childhood and more pervasive risk in adolescence. This understanding has led to the construction of developmentally appropriate prevention policies and programmes that have shown short-term and long-term reductions in these adolescent problem behaviours. We describe the principles of prevention science, provide examples of efficacious preventive interventions, describe challenges and potential solutions to take efficacious prevention policies and programmes to scale, and conclude with recommendations to reduce the burden of adolescent mortality and morbidity worldwide through preventive intervention.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Priming in Systemic Plant Immunity Jung, Ho Won; Tschaplinski, Timothy J; Wang, Lin ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
04/2009, Volume:
324, Issue:
5923
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Plants possess inducible systemic defense responses when locally infected by pathogens. Bacterial infection results in the increased accumulation of the mobile metabolite azelaic acid, a nine-carbon ...dicarboxylic acid, in the vascular sap of Arabidopsis that confers local and systemic resistance against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Azelaic acid primes plants to accumulate salicylic acid (SA), a known defense signal, upon infection. Mutation of the AZELAIC ACID INDUCED 1 (AZI1) gene, which is induced by azelaic acid, results in the specific loss of systemic immunity triggered by pathogen or azelaic acid and of the priming of SA induction in plants. Furthermore, the predicted secreted protein AZI1 is also important for generating vascular sap that confers disease resistance. Thus, azelaic acid and AZI1 are components of plant systemic immunity involved in priming defenses.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper introduces a model of “mindful parenting” as a framework whereby parents intentionally bring moment-to-moment awareness to the parent–child relationship. This is done by developing the ...qualities of listening with full attention when interacting with their children, cultivating emotional awareness and self-regulation in parenting, and bringing compassion and nonjudgmental acceptance to their parenting interactions. First, we briefly outline the theoretical and empirical literature on mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions. Next, we present an operational definition of mindful parenting as an extension of mindfulness to the social context of parent–child relationships. We discuss the implications of mindful parenting for the quality of parent–child relationships, particularly across the transition to adolescence, and we review the literature on the application of mindfulness in parenting interventions. We close with a synopsis of our own efforts to integrate mindfulness-based intervention techniques and mindful parenting into a well-established, evidence-based family prevention program and our recommendations for future research on mindful parenting interventions.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In a predominantly low-income population-based longitudinal sample of 1,292 children followed from birth, higher level of salivary cortisol assessed at ages 7, 15, and 24 months was uniquely ...associated with lower executive function ability and to a lesser extent IQ at age 3 years. Measures of positive and negative aspects of parenting and household risk were also uniquely related to both executive functions and IQ. The effect of positive parenting on executive functions was partially mediated through cortisol. Typical or resting level of cortisol was increased in African American relative to White participants. In combination with positive and negative parenting and household risk, cortisol mediated effects of income-to-need, maternal education, and African American ethnicity on child cognitive ability.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
