The senescence of fruit is a complex physiological process, with various cell types within the pericarp, making it highly challenging to elucidate their individual roles in fruit senescence. In this ...study, a single-cell expression atlas of the pericarp of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is constructed, revealing exocarp and mesocarp cells undergoing the most significant changes during the fruit senescence process. Pseudotime analysis establishes cellular differentiation and gene expression trajectories during senescence. Early-stage oxidative stress imbalance is followed by the activation of resistance in exocarp cells, subsequently senescence-associated proteins accumulate in the mesocarp cells at late-stage senescence. The central role of the early response factor HuCMB1 is unveiled in the senescence regulatory network. This study provides a spatiotemporal perspective for a deeper understanding of the dynamic senescence process in plants.
The traditional spontaneous solid-state fermentation of Chinese strong-flavor liquor is a complex and unique ecosystem with few abundant and many rare taxa. However, the rare and keystone taxa of ...fermented grains (FGs) during liquor fermentation are still not completely clear. In this study, we used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to investigate the succession of abundant and rare fungi during Chinese strong-flavor liquor fermentation. The results showed that the changes in alpha and beta diversity of abundant and rare taxa were significantly different during liquor fermentation. There were 9 abundant fungal genera and 176 rare fungal genera during liquor fermentation, and the dominant fungal genera changed from Thermoascus within 0 day’ FG to Torulaspora and Saccharomyces within others. Co-occurrence network analysis identified 14 keystone taxa during liquor fermentation, and displayed that positive correlations (95.82%) was dominate in fungal network. Moreover, environmental fungi (Daqu, pit mud and air fungi) and FG characteristics (mainly reducing sugar) together drove the succession of the abundant and rare fungi during Chinese strong-flavor liquor fermentation. Our study provides new insights for understanding the dynamic succession of fungal communities during liquor fermentation and improving the quality and controllability in liquor production.
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•Abundant and rare fungi changed differentially in FGs during liquor fermentation.•Nine abundant genera and fourteen rare genera were important to the FG micro-ecosystem.•Cooperative behaviors among rare taxa was essential for fungal community stability.•Environmental fungi and FG characteristics together drove fungal community succession.•FG fungal succession study helps to improve the quality and controllability in liquor production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microbes, as one of the primary producers of the biosphere, play an important role in ecosystems. Exploring the mechanism of adaptation and resistance of microbial population to various environmental ...factors has come into focus in the fields of modern microbial ecology and molecular ecology. However, facing the increasingly serious problem of acoustic pollution, very few efforts have been put forth into studying the relation of single cell organisms and sound field exposure. Herein, we studied the biological effects of sound exposure on the growth of E. coli K-12 with different acoustic parameters. The effects of sound exposure on the intracellular macromolecular synthesis and cellular morphology of E. coli K-12 were also analyzed and discussed. Experimental results indicated that E. coli K-12 exposed to sound waves owned a higher biomass and a faster specific growth rate compared to the control group. Also, the average length of E. coli K-12 cells increased more than 27.26%. The maximum biomass and maximum specific growth rate of the stimulation group by 8000 Hz, 80dB sound wave was about 1.7 times and 2.5 times that of the control group, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that E. coli K-12 can respond rapidly to sound stress at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by promoting the synthesis of intracellular RNA and total protein. Some potential mechanisms may be involved in the responses of bacterial cells to sound stress.
Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and metabolic behavior of ...the dual targeting procyanidins (PC) nanoparticles on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory macrophages by metabolomics method. The double-targeting PC nanoparticles could specifically target both the CD44 receptor and mitochondria, while the single targeting PC-loaded nanoparticles that could target the CD44 receptor on the surface of macrophages. The double-targeting PC nanoparticles had better inhibitory effect than single-targeting PC nanoparticles on the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species overexpression induced by LPS. Amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and purine metabolism were disordered in LPS-treated group, and metabolic pathway analysis indicated that the double-targeting PC nanoparticles reversed some of LPS impacts. The changes of these potential biomarkers and their corresponding pathways are helpful to further understand the mechanism of PC nanoparticles in alleviating inflammation, and promote their application in nutrition intervention.
Dual targeting procyanidins (PCs) nanoparticles alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced metabolic disorder induced by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) secretion. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microalgae are not only potential feed stock of biodiesel, but also an important source of high biological value products. Polysaccharide, as a family member of microalgae, has several important ...biological activities. In this paper, the culture conditions were optimized by response surface methodology for the production of intracellular water-soluble polysaccharide (IWSP). The highest IWSP yield of 88.1013 mg/L was obtained with the culture condition of NaNO3 362.5 mg/L, NaCl 85.4 mg/L and NaHCO3 2.4925 g/L. Gravimetric analysis revealed a total lipid content of 27.56% in this culture. IWSP was composed of mannose, xylose, galactose and glucose. The fatty acid of lipid was rich in unsaturated fatty acids contributed 55.38%; the main saturated fatty acids were C16:0, which counted for 41.98%. The antimicrobial activity of IWSP showed that antibacterial activity is higher than antifungal activity. It showed the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans-8 and Fusarium graminearum-ACCC37687 were used to quickly identify the pathogenic microorganisms of plant fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. To explore the ...feasibility of rapid identification of plant fungal and bacterial diseases by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. By collecting the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of gradient mixed bacterial solution samples, the data were analyzed by second-order correction algorithm alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), self weighted trilinear decomposition (SWATLD), alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD) and first-order algorithm partial least squares regression coefficient method (PLS), and the characteristic excitation and emission wavelengths were extracted. The concentration prediction model was established by multiple linear regression between the fluorescence intensity data of characteristic wavelength and the absorbance (OD600) of bacterial solut
Audible sound, one of the environmental factors, widely exists in natural world. However, the interaction between audible sound and biological materials is usually neglected in the field of ...biological research. Very little efforts have been put forth in studying the relation of organisms and audible sound. Here we investigated the response of
Escherichia coli cells to the stimulation by audible sound under the normal condition and environmental stresses. The results showed that the audible sound treatment significantly increases the colony forming of
E. coli under the normal growth condition. However, under osmotic stress induced by the sugar, audible sound stimulation may enhance the inhibitory effect of osmotic stress on
E. coli growth. More interestingly, audible sound treatment seems to alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on
E. coli growth when the concentration of sodium chloride was increased to 30
g/l, although the action of sound waves of audible frequency is likely to evoke an inhibition of the growth of
E. coli in the medium containing 20
g/l of sodium chloride. Some potential mechanisms may be involved in the responses of bacterial cells to audible sound stimulation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A high quality vinegar was produced from fresh
Cornus officinalis
fruits using a two-step fermentative process (ethanol fermentation for 15 days, followed by acetic fermentation for 7 days). The ...total acid percentage and total polyphenol concentration were 4.86% and 1584 mg/L, respecively. The morroniside and Loganin, as essential components of Cornus officinalis, have been well preserved in the vinegar, the concentration reached 1139.5 g/mL and 779.34 g/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the free radical-scavenging capability of
C. officinalis
vinegar was higher than that of other commercially available vinegars, such as Cider vinegars, Persimmon vinegar and Red wine vinegar. The results of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and hydroxyl free radical assays revealed that the free radical-scavenging rates were 88.46%, 53.96%, and 51.43%, respectively. Compared to the control, the proportions of
Clostridia
and
Firmicutes
in the intestinal tracts of mice treated with
C. officinalis
vinegar decreased significantly, whereas that of
Bacteroidetes
markedly increased. In summary, our results indicate that
C. officinalis
vinegar has promising health benefits, and every effort should be made to commercialize this product.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
As a well known anti-neoplastic drug, the cytogenotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) has received more attention in recent years. To develop a new cytoprotector to reduce the risk of second cancers ...caused by methotrexate, an umu test combined with a micronucleus assay was employed to estimate the cytoprotective effects of ten kinds of bioactive phytochemicals and their combinations. The results showed that allicin, proanthocyanidins, polyphenols, eleutherosides and isoflavones had higher antimutagenic activities than other phytochemicals. At the highest dose tested, the MTX genetoxicity was suppressed by 34.03%∼67.12%. Of all the bioactive phytochemical combinations, the combination of grape seed proanthocyanidins and eleutherosides from Siberian ginseng as well as green tea polyphenols and eleutherosides exhibited stronger antimutagenic effects; the inhibition rate of methotrexate-induced genotoxicity separately reached 74.7 ± 6.5% and 71.8 ± 4.7%. Pretreatment of Kunming mice with phytochemical combinations revealed an obvious reduction in micronucleus and sperm abnormality rates following exposure to MTX (p < 0.01). Moreover, significant increases in thymus and spleen indices were observed in cytoprotector candidates in treated groups. The results indicated that bioactive phytochemicals combinations had the potential to be used as new cytoprotectors.
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