Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the application of ozonation pre-treatment for biologically treated textile and dyeing wastewater to improve performance of the RO process. Based ...on ozonation experiments, four specific ozone consumptions (SOC), 0, 0.3, 0.6, 4.0 mg O₃/mg DOC₀ were chosen for study of the effects of ozonation on the reverse osmosis (RO) process. Membrane flux was recorded. Also, the permeate water quality parameters such as TOC, conductivity were analyzed. In addition, fouled membrane cleaning was studied. The study further examined the nature and mechanisms of membrane fouling using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The effect of ozonation on RO filtration was found to depend on SOC. The study revealed that significant improvement can be achieved in the efficiency of RO filtration by employing ozonation with 0.6 mg O₃/mg DOC₀ SOC. Although the product water purity slightly decreased, the ozonation pre-treatment showed advantages at 0.6 mg O₃/mg DOC₀ SOC for the following: (i) mitigation of flux decline due to membrane fouling; (ii) improvement in foulants cleanability. In addition, hypotheses were put forward to explain the reasons from the aspect of organic matter characteristics changed by ozonation, such as changing on functional groups and molecular weight of organic matter.
The decay $D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$ is observed for the first time, using e+e- collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb-1 collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass ...energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. The absolute branching fraction for this decay is measured to be $\mathscr{B}$($D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$) = (3.12 ± 0.13stat ± 0.90syst)%. The first amplitude analysis of this decay reveals the substructures in $D^+_s$ → $π^+π^+π^-η$ nd determines the relative fractions and the phases among these substructures. The dominant intermediate process is $D^+_s$ → $a_1$(1260)+$η,a_1$(1260)+ → ρ(770)0$π^+$ with a branching fraction of (1.73 ± 0.14stat ±0.08syst)%. We also observe the W-annihilation process $D^+_s$ → $a_0$(980)+ ρ(770)0, $a_0$(980)+ → $π^+η$ with a branching fraction of (0.21 ± 0.08stat ± 0.05syst)%, which is larger than the branching fractions of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by 1 order of magnitude.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the predominant form of bladder cancer. Significant molecular heterogeneity caused by diverse molecular alterations brings about large variations in the response to ...treatment in UC. An improved understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the development and progression of UC is essential. Through deep analysis of next-generation sequencing data of 99 UC patients, we found that 18% of cases had recurrent somatic mutations in zinc finger protein gene zinc finger protein 83 (ZNF83). ZNF83 mutations were correlated with poor prognosis of UC. We also found a hotspot mutation, p.E293V, in the evolutionarily well-conserved region of ZNF83. ZNF83-E293V increased tumor growth and reduced the apoptosis of UC cells compared to wild-type ZNF83 both in vitro and in mice xenografted tumors. ZNF83-E293V activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) more potently than did the wild-type protein owing to its decreased transcriptional repression for S100A8. The NF-κB inhibitors could pharmacologically block the tumor growth in mice engrafted with ZNF83-E293V-transfected UC cells. These findings provide a mechanistic insight and a potential therapeutic strategy for UC, which established a foundation for using the ZNF83-E293V mutation as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic response from NF-κB inhibitors.
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Bladder cancer is a deadly disease with few current satisfactory treatments. Guan, Cai, and colleagues revealed a frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene, ZNF83, which regulated the S100A8-NF-κB axis in bladder cancer, supporting the pursuit of ZNF83-E293V mutation as a predictive biomarker for bladder cancer intervention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study followed the maturation of human auditory cortex from the beginning of the second trimester of gestation to young adulthood. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to ...trace the development of a laminar cytoarchitecture and an adult pattern of axonal neurofilament expression. From the 16th fetal week to the 4th postnatal month, the cortex progresses from a marginal layer and an undifferentiated cortical plate to incipient lamination. Between the 22nd fetal week and the 4th postnatal month, a two-tiered band of neurofilament-immunoreactive axons develops in layer I, but subsequent to the 4th month, the number of immunopositive axons in this layer is greatly reduced. Between the middle of the first year of life and age 3 years, the laminar pattern of cytoarchitecture becomes fully mature and a network of immunostained axons develops in layers VI, V, IV, and IlIc. This axonal plexus in the deep cortical layers continues to increase in density until age 5. Beginning at 5 years of age, a network of neurofilament-positive axons develops in the superficial layers IIIb, IIIa, and II, and by 11-12 years of age, overall axonal density is equivalent to that seen in young adulthood. This extended time span of axonal maturation has implications for the emergence of auditory cortical function.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to comparatively study the conventional, i.e. single magnet, and novel hybrid-magnet switched-flux permanent-magnet (HMSFPM) machines.
...Design/methodology/approach
– The HMSFPM machines utilize two magnet types, i.e. low-cost ferrites and NdFeB. Thus, a set of magnet ratios (?), defined as the quotient of the NdFeB volume to the total PM volume, is introduced. This allows any desired performance and cost trade-off to be designed. Series- and parallel-excited magnet configurations are investigated using 2-dimensional finite element analysis.
Findings
– The torque of the HMSFPM machines is lower than the NdFeB SFPM machine but the flux-weakening performance is improved for similar machine efficiency. If the machine dimensions are unconstrained, the HMSFPM machines can have the same torque for reduced material costs and a moderate increase in machine dimensions. Ferrite SFPM machines have the lowest cost for the same torque but a significant increase in machine dimensions is required. Finally, the series-excited HMSFPM machine is the preferred over the parallel-excited HMSFPM machine because it has superior demagnetization withstand capability.
Research limitations/implications
– Mechanical and winding eddy current losses are not considered in the efficiency map calculations.
Originality/value
– The NdFeB SFPM, ferrite SFPM, series-excited HMSFPM, and the parallel-excited HMSFPM machines are compared for their electromagnetic performance, flux-weakening, PM demagnetization, efficiency, and material costs.
To study the relationship between platelet activation and the degree of bleeding in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) .
43 patients with ITP were assessed based on ITP-BAT bleeding ...grading system. Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ⅰb, GPⅡb/Ⅲa and P-selectin expression were detected by flow cytometry analysis with and without adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulation. Association of platelet activation with platelet count, immature platelet fraction (IPF) , bleeding severity were evaluated.
GPⅡb/Ⅲa and P-selection expressions on unstimulated platelet in ITP patients were higher than those in healthy controls (65.69±10.73
7.16±0.99,
=4.130,
<0.001; 15.43±1.41
12.55±1.03,
=2.070,
=0.043, respectively) , and GPⅠb expression was lower than that in healthy controls (240.11±24.93
295.11±22.15,
=2.417,
=0.020) . Comparatively to healthy individuals, following ADP stimulation, GPⅡb/Ⅲa expression in ITP patients increased (133.96±12.17
39.67±4.99,
=5.256,
<0.001) , whereas GPⅠb and P-selection expres
Cisplatin is one of the most common DNA-damaging agents used for treating patients with solid tumors such as squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC). Unfortunately, significant levels of resistance in SCC ...cells emerge rapidly following cisplatin treatment.
Here we report that the proteasome inhibitor PS-341, the representative of a new class of chemotherapeutic drugs, was capable
of inducing apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant SCC cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress. PS-341 stimulated the phosphorylation
of PERK and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the induction of the transcription factor ATF-4. Importantly, the
Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only (BH3-only) protein Noxa was found to be strongly induced in cisplatin-resistant SCC cells by
PS-341 but not by cisplatin. The knock-down of Noxa using small interference RNA significantly abolished PS-341-mediated apoptosis
in SCC cells. Using eIF2α mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we found that functional eIF2α played an essential role in PS-341-induced
Noxa expression. Taken together, our novel findings reveal a direct link between PS-341-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress
and the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and suggest that PS-341 may be utilized for overcoming cisplatin-resistance
in human SCC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Amplification of 3q25-q26 was one of the most frequent chromosomal alterations in human ovarian carcinoma. A chromosome microdissection-hybrid selection method was applied to isolate transcribed ...sequences from a primary ovarian cancer containing high-copy-number amplification of 3q26 using 3q26 band-specific DNAs generated by chromosome microdissection. Using this method, we have isolated a novel candidate oncogene eIF-5A2 (eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2). eIF-5A2 shares 82% identity of amino acid sequence with eIF-5A including the minimum domain needed for eIF-5A maturation by hypusine modification at lysine-50 residue. Amplification and overexpression of eIF-5A2 was frequently detected in primary ovarian cancers and ovarian cancer cell lines. The proliferation-related function of eIF-5A supports that eIF-5A2 is a candidate oncogene related to the development of ovarian cancer.
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