La nécessité d’adapter les pratiques de gestion des concentrés érythrocytaires en blocs opératoires et réanimations à l’évolution du cadre législatif réglementaire a généré une démarche collective ...d’amélioration des pratiques. Réunis sous l’impulsion des coordonnateurs régionaux d’hémovigilance de la Drass Île-de-France, des représentants de prescripteurs de transfusions, correspondants d’hémovigilance de huit hôpitaux de l’Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris et représentants de l’EFS Île-de-France, en présence de représentants de l’Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (Afssaps), ont coordonné une évaluation des pratiques locales des activités transfusionnelles des blocs opératoires et services de réanimation devant se mettre en conformité. Chaque hôpital a ensuite proposé des actions d’amélioration locales, validées par les instances régionale et nationale. Nous présentons cette démarche originale de travail collectif d’évaluation des pratiques aboutissant à des propositions d’amélioration pour répondre à une mise en conformité réglementaire tout en gérant au mieux les flux de produits sanguins sans mettre en jeu la sécurité transfusionnelle.
The need to adapt red blood cells concentrates management in surgery blocs and resuscitation to the changes of the legal framework has lead to a collective approach to improve practices. Gathered by the regional hemovigilance coordinators of the Drass Île-de-France (regional office of health and social actions), representatives of doctors’ ordering transfusions and hemovigilance correspondents of the Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and representatives of the EFS (French blood establishment) Île-de-France, together with representatives of the Afssaps (French health products safety agency), have coordinated an assessment of local transfusion practices in surgery blocs and resuscitation that have to be compliant. Each hospital then offered local improvement actions, approved by regional and national instances. We present this original and collective approach of assessing practices leading to offers that both respond to a legal framework and improve blood products flows without damaging transfusion security.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The need to adapt red blood cells concentrates management in surgery blocs and resuscitation to the changes of the legal framework has lead to a collective approach to improve practices. Gathered by ...the regional hemovigilance coordinators of the Drass Ile-de-France (regional office of health and social actions), representatives of doctors' ordering transfusions and hemovigilance correspondents of the Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and representatives of the EFS (French blood establishment) Ile-de-France, together with representatives of the Afssaps (French health products safety agency), have coordinated an assessment of local transfusion practices in surgery blocs and resuscitation that have to be compliant. Each hospital then offered local improvement actions, approved by regional and national instances. We present this original and collective approach of assessing practices leading to offers that both respond to a legal framework and improve blood products flows without damaging transfusion security.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chronic measurements of systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate via a chronically implanted telemetric transmitter in unrestrained rats, was validated in a three-phase study. In the first ...part, week-to-week variability of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, and heart rate was found to be minimal over the course of nine weeks. In the second part, the reproducibility of cardiovascular response to three successive administration of sotalol, an antihypertensive agent, was studied. In the last part, cardiovascular parameters determined by telemetry were compared to those obtained by direct arterial catheterization and showed a good linear correlation between those two methods.
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The effects of naloxone (2 and 10 mg kg−1 s.c.) were compared in several kinds of experimental polyuria: alcohol‐ or water‐loaded rats and Brattleboro rats (i.e. animals with congenital lack of ...vasopressin).
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In normal rats, both water and alcohol increased urine flow and decreased urinary osmolality. Alcohol induced a more marked diuretic response than water.
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In normally hydrated rats, naloxone (2 and 10 mg kg−1 s.c.) failed to modify urine flow, urinary osmolality, Ma+ and K+ urinary excretion, and urine creatinine concentration.
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The two doses of naloxone decreased urine flow and increased osmolality in both water‐ and alcohol‐loaded rats.
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In Brattleboro rats, naloxone (10 mg kg−1 s.c.) reduced urine flow and urinary creatine whereas the low dose (2 mg kg−1 s.c.) was without effect.
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Since it is well known that the mechanism of water‐ or alcohol‐induced diuresis is an inhibition of vasopressin release, the present results suggest that naloxone could prevent this inhibition. They indicate that endogenous opioid peptides may exert an inhibitory control on vasopressin release.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The antinociceptive effects and the plasma levels (evaluated by high liquid pressure chromatography) of clomipramine during a subchronic (5 days) treatment were studied in rats using the Nilsen's ...test. Clomipramine (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg administered by mouth) showed a clear dose-dependent analgesic effect. The study of the partial correlation coefficients did not found a relationship between plasma levels and antinociception under our experimental conditions. These results suggest that regular monitoring of plasma levels of clomipramine appears to be useless in the treatment of patients with chronic pain.
A series of novel chiral 7-(1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-methyl-(1R,4R)-2,5- diazabicyclo2.2.1heptan-2-yl-substituted naphthyridines has been prepared with the aim of obtaining good in vitro and in vivo ...antibacterial agents with a decrease of the pseudoallergic type reaction when compared to that observed with 7(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo2.2.1heptan-2-yl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl )1,4- dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1a) (BMY 40062). The derivatives 7-(1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo2.2.1heptan-2-yl- 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-fluro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine- 3-carboxylic acid (41) and 7-(1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo2.2.1heptan-2- yl-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxy lic acid (49) showed potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The derivative 49 displayed a less marked decrease in blood pressure (MAP), compared to that of 1a, after intravenous infusion in dogs and was selected as a potential candidate for preclinical trials.
The pharmacological effects of the novel fluoroquinolone 7-(1R,4R-2,5-diazebicyclo2.2.1heptan-2-yl)-1-(1,1-dimethyl )ethyl-6-fluoro - 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (BMY-40062, ...CAS 116143-32-9) on central nervous system were investigated in mice and rats, in comparison in some cases with those of reference quinolones. BMY-40062 showed no effect on general behavior, spontaneous activity, body temperature and neuromuscular coordination in rats at the doses of 1000 and 250 mg/kg. None of the quinolones tested including BMY-40062 modified the seizures induced by bicuculline, a specific GABA A antagonist. BMY-40062 and ciprofloxacin did not consistently influence the pentetrazol-induced convulsions. On the contrary, pefloxacin exhibited a marked convulsivant activity. In the fenbufen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)-induced seizure model, BMY-40062 showed no effect. Enoxacin, norfloxacin followed by ciprofloxacin elicited a convulsivant effect in presence of fenbufen. Under these experimental conditions, BMY-40062 had no effect on the central nervous system compared to the other tested quinolones in rodents.
A series of novel chiral 7-(1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-methyl-(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-substituted naphthyridines has been prepared with the aim of obtaining good in vitro and in vivo ...antibacterial agents with a decrease of the pseudoallergic type reaction when compared to that observed with 7-(1R,4R)-2,5-diazabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl )-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (1a) (BMY 40062). The derivatives 7-((1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-1-(1,1- dimethylethyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carb oxylic acid (41) and 7-(1R,4R,6S)-6-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-1-cyclop ropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (49) showed potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The role of blood volume regulatory mechanisms located in the low pressure system in the control of urinary excretion was studied using hypobaric pressure breathing in normal and diabetes insipidus ...(Brattleboro strain with a congenital lack of vasopressin) rats. Rats were placed in an altitude simulator chamber for 4 h. A pump maintained pressure reduced to 701, 577 and 472 mbar simulating respectively altitude of 3,000, 4,500 and 6,000 m. In normal rats, hypobaric breathing induced an increase in urine flow, urinary urea and K+ excretion and urinary pH but did not significantly modify creatinine and Na+ excretion. In diabetes insipidus rats, hypobaric breathing produced oliguria and an decrease in urea, creatinine, Na+, K+, Cl- urinary excretions. Since acute hypobaric pressure breathing induced opposed effects in normal and Brattleboro rats, it is suggested that this kind of experimental procedure which increases intrathoracic blood volume elicits a diuretic response through an inhibition of vasopressin release. These experiments confirm the main role of vasopressin in the control of central blood volume.
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