Phase recovery from intensity-only measurements forms the heart of coherent imaging techniques and holography. In this study, we demonstrate that a neural network can learn to perform phase recovery ...and holographic image reconstruction after appropriate training. This deep learning-based approach provides an entirely new framework to conduct holographic imaging by rapidly eliminating twin-image and self-interference-related spatial artifacts. This neural network-based method is fast to compute and reconstructs phase and amplitude images of the objects using only one hologram, requiring fewer measurements in addition to being computationally faster. We validated this method by reconstructing the phase and amplitude images of various samples, including blood and Pap smears and tissue sections. These results highlight that challenging problems in imaging science can be overcome through machine learning, providing new avenues to design powerful computational imaging systems.
We present deep-learning-enabled super-resolution across different fluorescence microscopy modalities. This data-driven approach does not require numerical modeling of the imaging process or the ...estimation of a point-spread-function, and is based on training a generative adversarial network (GAN) to transform diffraction-limited input images into super-resolved ones. Using this framework, we improve the resolution of wide-field images acquired with low-numerical-aperture objectives, matching the resolution that is acquired using high-numerical-aperture objectives. We also demonstrate cross-modality super-resolution, transforming confocal microscopy images to match the resolution acquired with a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope. We further demonstrate that total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy images of subcellular structures within cells and tissues can be transformed to match the results obtained with a TIRF-based structured illumination microscope. The deep network rapidly outputs these super-resolved images, without any iterations or parameter search, and could serve to democratize super-resolution imaging.
The histological analysis of tissue samples, widely used for disease diagnosis, involves lengthy and laborious tissue preparation. Here, we show that a convolutional neural network trained using a ...generative adversarial-network model can transform wide-field autofluorescence images of unlabelled tissue sections into images that are equivalent to the bright-field images of histologically stained versions of the same samples. A blind comparison, by board-certified pathologists, of this virtual staining method and standard histological staining using microscopic images of human tissue sections of the salivary gland, thyroid, kidney, liver and lung, and involving different types of stain, showed no major discordances. The virtual-staining method bypasses the typically labour-intensive and costly histological staining procedures, and could be used as a blueprint for the virtual staining of tissue images acquired with other label-free imaging modalities.
Mobile phones have facilitated the creation of field-portable, cost-effective imaging and sensing technologies that approach laboratory-grade instrument performance. However, the optical imaging ...interfaces of mobile phones are not designed for microscopy and produce distortions in imaging microscopic specimens. Here, we report on the use of deep learning to correct such distortions introduced by mobile-phone-based microscopes, facilitating the production of high-resolution, denoised, and color-corrected images, matching the performance of benchtop microscopes with high-end objective lenses, also extending their limited depth of field. After training a convolutional neural network, we successfully imaged various samples, including human tissue sections and Papanicolaou and blood smears, where the recorded images were highly compressed to ease storage and transmission. This method is applicable to other low-cost, aberrated imaging systems and could offer alternatives for costly and bulky microscopes, while also providing a framework for standardization of optical images for clinical and biomedical applications.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
We demonstrate a non-iterative holographic image reconstruction and phase retrieval framework based on deep learning. After its training, a deep convolutional neural network rapidly recovers phase ...and amplitude images of specimen from a single hologram.
We demonstrate the ability of deep convolutional neural networks to significantly enhance the spatial resolution, field-of-view and depth-of-field of optical microscopy images, without any hardware ...modification to the imaging system.
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