Abstract
Introduction
Despite research exploring sleep concordance between partners in couple relationships, some variability exists between partners’ sleep quality because of the social and ...relational context. One such mechanism that may help to explain the variability is sleep hygiene and if couples are similar or different in their sleep hygiene and if or how these similarities or differences predict worse sleep, relational, and psychological health. The present study explored the similarities and differences in sleep hygiene and associations with sleep, psychological, and relational health outcomes in 143 mixed-gender, bedsharing couples.
Methods
Paired samples t tests between partners were conducted using the total Sleep Hygiene Index scores (aim 1a), and at the individual-item level (aim 1b). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) scores of dyadic reports were conducted to examine the level of agreement between each partner’s sleep hygiene (aim 1c). Finally, a dyadic score model was examined using Structural Equation Modeling to identify associations between both a between-partner difference in sleep hygiene score and within-couple sleep hygiene average score on individual sleep quality, couple conflict frequency, and individual emotional distress.
Results
Results revealed a significant difference between men (M = 14.45, S.D. = 7.41) and women’s total score self-report sleep hygiene ((M = 17.67, S.D. = 8.27); t (142) = -5.06, p <.001). Further, partners only had similar sleep hygiene for 5 out of the 13 items. Partners’ had moderate agreement on sleep hygiene (.69-.856), suggesting that partners largely know each others' sleep hygiene habits. Finally, lower within-couple sleep hygiene was linked with both partners’ worse sleep outcomes, more relational conflict, and higher emotional distress.
Conclusion
Findings from this study suggest that couples are less concordant in sleep hygiene practices than sleep quality. Moreover, partners are relatively aware of each other's sleep hygiene which may in part be associated with their psychological and relational functioning. Differences between partners seemed to be less impactful than the couples' average sleep hygiene on sleep, relational and psychological well-being outcomes. These results suggest that couple-level intervention on sleep hygiene may benefit both partners and carry over into relational and psychological benefits.
Support (if any)
Abstract
Introduction
Although there is considerable sleep concordance between partners in couple relationships, less is known about sleep practices between them and if there is conflict around sleep ...habits, preferences, and behaviors. Past empirical work suggests that couples who share the same sleep-wake preferences (i.e., morning vs. night people) report higher marital adjustment and less relational conflict. And yet the mechanism through which this occurs is yet unknown. One such mechanism is sleep-related conflict whereby partners disagree about their partners' sleep rituals causing sleep-related conflict.
Methods
The present study utilizes two samples to validate the Sleep Conflict Scale (SCS), one in individuals in relationships and the other sample of paired partners (dyadic data). The sleep conflict scale is a 5-item measure and includes items such as "My partner and I disagree about sleep routines and habits" and "Our relationship is negatively affected by our sleep differences". In order to identify the underlying factor structure of the SCS, several criteria was assessed to determine suitability for factor analysis, including bivariate correlations, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy, and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity. Composite scores were computed and internal consistency was assessed by conducting Cronbach Alpha reliability estimates. We tested convergent validity by identifying associations between the SCS and relational and psychological health measures. Finally, using the dyadic sample, we also tested a structural equation model using the SCS on both partners' sleep hygiene and sleep quality.
Results
Results revealed that the SCS fit a one factor solution of five items and that a summed or mean score can be used. The SCS demonstrated excellent internal reliability and external validity when compared to other relational and psychological measures. Finally, higher sleep conflict was associated with worse sleep hygiene and poorer sleep quality for both partners.
Conclusion
The analyses provided support that the SCS scale is a psychometrically sound measure, in that it demonstrates a single factor structure, is highly reliability, and is qualitatively different than other couple or sleep-related measures. The SCS can be used in both primary and secondary care settings to identify couples who would benefit from relational intervention especially when sleep adherence is low.
Support (if any)
The “Undetectable = Untransmittable” campaign indicates that persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who maintain a suppressed viral load cannot sexually transmit the virus. However, ...there is little knowledge of the percent of individuals at a population level who sustain viral suppression long term. The aims of this study were to: (1) establish a baseline of persons living with diagnosed HIV who resided in New York and had consecutive suppressed viral load tests; (2) describe the risk of virologic failure among those who were consecutively suppressed; and (3) gain an understanding of the length of time between consecutive viral suppression to virologic failure. A total of 102,339 New Yorkers aged 13–90 years were living with diagnosed HIV at the beginning of 2012; 47.9% were consecutively suppressed (last two HIV viral load test results from 2010–2011 that were < 420 days apart and < 200 copies/mL). Of consecutively suppressed individuals, 54.3% maintained viral suppression for the entire study period and 33.6% experienced virologic failure during the study period. Among persons who experienced virologic failure, 82.6% did so six or more months after being consecutively suppressed. Our findings support the need for ongoing viral load monitoring, adherence support, and ongoing risk reduction messaging to prevent forward HIV transmission.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful ...individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant; therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects, but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying EGFR expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored IHC and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot analysis or in vitro flow-cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immunostaining, with implications for use in noninvasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
Entropy measures of land use mix are a commonly used component of walkability. However, they present methodological challenges, and studies on their associations with walking have produced mixed ...findings. This study examined associations of the proportion of discrete land uses with walking, using isometric substitution models that take the complementary nature of land use proportions into account. Analysis of data collected from middle-aged adults living in Brisbane, Australia (n = 10,794) found that replacing residential or other land with commercial land was associated with higher levels of walking. The isometric substitution approach may explain the potential impact of land use changes on residents’ walking.
•Entropy measures of land use mix are commonly used as a component of walkability.•The entropy measure was not consistently associated with walking.•Isometric substitution models examined associations of the proportion of land use with walking.•Replacing residential land with commercial land was associated with higher levels of walking.•Replacing other land with commercial land was associated with higher levels of walking.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Objective The interpersonal environment is strongly linked to sleep. However, little is known about interpersonal distress and its association with sleep. We examined the associations among ...interpersonal distress, objective and subjective sleep in people with and without insomnia. Methods Participants in this cross-sectional observational study included men and women with insomnia (n = 28) and good sleeper controls (n = 38). Interpersonal distress was measured with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Sleep parameters included insomnia severity, self-reported presleep arousal, and sleep quality; and polysomnographically-assessed sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), percent delta (stage 3 + 4 NREM), percent REM, and EEG beta power. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the relationship between distress from interpersonal problems and sleep and the extent to which relationships differed among insomnia patients and controls. Results More interpersonal distress was associated with more self-reported arousal and higher percentage of REM. More interpersonal distress was associated with greater insomnia severity and more cognitive presleep arousal for individuals with insomnia, but not for controls. Contrary to expectations, interpersonal distress was associated with shorter sleep latency in the insomnia group. Results were attenuated, but still significant, after adjusting for depression symptoms. Conclusion Distress from interpersonal problems is associated with greater self-reported arousal and higher percent REM. Individuals with insomnia who report more distress from interpersonal problems have greater insomnia severity and cognitive presleep arousal, perhaps due to rumination. These findings extend our knowledge of the association between interpersonal stressors and sleep. Assessment and consideration of interpersonal distress could provide a novel target for insomnia treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Couples' Sleep Conflict Scale, a new measure designed to identify the extent of conflict around sleep in romantic ...relationships.
Data from an individual sample (N = 158) and dyadic sample (N = 143 mixed-gender couples) in romantic relationships were used to examine the psychometric properties of the Couples' Sleep Conflict Scale, including internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and whether the factor structure differed between couples with concordant and discordant chronotypes.
Results revealed that the Couples' Sleep Conflict Scale fit a 1-factor solution of 5 items, a summed or mean score can be used, and that it is reliable for both men and women. In addition, more relational sleep conflict was associated with both their own and their partners’ poorer sleep hygiene, worse sleep quality, and more daytime sleepiness as well as more general relationship conflict, lower relationship satisfaction, and higher anxious and avoidant attachment. Finally, we found partial measurement invariance for factor loadings, intercepts, and latent variable variances between couples with concordant vs. discordant chronotypes.
The Couples' Sleep Conflict Scale is a brief measure that can be used in both research and in health care settings to examine how sleep-related conflict can affect both sleep and relationship quality among couples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Sleep changes over the human life span, and it does so across multiple dimensions. We used individual-level cross-sectional data to characterize age trends and sex differences in actigraphy and ...self-report sleep dimensions across the healthy human life span.
The Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank consists of harmonized participant-level data from sleep-related studies conducted at the University of Pittsburgh (2003-2019). We included data from 1065 (n = 577 female; 21 studies) Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank participants aged 10 to 87 years without a major psychiatric, sleep, or medical condition. All participants completed wrist actigraphy and the self-rated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Main outcomes included actigraphy and self-report sleep duration, efficiency, and onset/offset timing, and actigraphy variability in midsleep timing.
We used generalized additive models to examine potentially nonlinear relationships between age and sleep characteristics and to examine sex differences. Actigraphy and self-report sleep onset time shifted later between ages 10 and 18 years (23:03-24:10 actigraphy; 21:58-23:53 self-report) and then earlier during the 20s (00:08-23:40 actigraphy; 23:50-23:34 self-report). Actigraphy and self-report wake-up time also shifted earlier during the mid-20s through late 30s (07:48-06:52 actigraphy; 07:40-06:41 self-report). Self-report, but not actigraphy, sleep duration declined between ages 10 and 20 years (09:09-07:35). Self-report sleep efficiency decreased over the entire life span (96.12-93.28), as did actigraphy variability (01:54-01:31).
Awareness of age trends in multiple sleep dimensions in healthy individuals-and explicating the timing and nature of sex differences in age-related change-can suggest periods of sleep-related risk or resilience and guide intervention efforts.
Abstract
Aim:
To determine whether interdependence in couples’ sleep (sleep–wake concordance i.e., whether couples are awake or asleep at the same time throughout the night) is associated with two ...markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and systemic inflammation.
Methods:
This community-based study is a cross-sectional analysis of 46 adult couples, aged 18–45 years, without known sleep disorders. Percent sleep–wake concordance, the independent variable, was calculated for each individual using actigraphy. Ambulatory BP monitors measured BP across 48 h. Dependent variables included mean sleep systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), mean wake SBP and DBP, sleep–wake SBP and DBP ratios, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Mixed models were used and were adjusted for age, sex, education, race, and body mass index.
Results:
Higher sleep–wake concordance was associated with lower sleep SBP (b = −.35, SE = .01) and DBP (b = −.22, SE = .10) and lower wake SBP (b = −.26, SE = .12; all p values < .05). Results were moderated by sex; for women, high concordance was associated with lower BP. Men and women with higher sleep–wake concordance also had lower CRP values (b = −.15, SE = .03, p < .05). Sleep–wake concordance was not associated with wake DBP or sleep/wake BP ratios. Significant findings remained after controlling for individual sleep quality, duration, and wake after sleep onset.
Conclusions:
Sleep–wake concordance was associated with sleep BP, and this association was stronger for women. Higher sleep–wake concordance was associated with lower systemic inflammation for men and women. Sleep–wake concordance may be a novel mechanism by which marital relationships are associated with long-term CVD outcomes.
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