GW190814 was reported during LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run with the most asymmetric component masses (a \(\sim 23\) \(M_{\odot}\) black hole and a \(\sim2.6\) \(M_{\odot}\) compact object). ...Under the assumption that this event is a binary black hole (BBH) merger formed through the isolated binary evolution channel, we reanalyze the publicly released data of GW190814 with the modified astrophysical priors on the effective spin \(\chi_{\rm eff}\), and further explore its formation history using detailed binary modeling. We show that GW190814 is likely to have been formed through the classical common envelope channel. Our findings show that the properties inferred using the modified astrophysical priors are consistent with those inferred by the uniform priors. With the newly-inferred properties of GW190814, we perform detailed binary evolution of the immediate progenitor of the BBH (namely a close binary system composed of a BH and a helium star) in a large parameter space, taking into account mass-loss, internal differential rotation, supernova kicks, and tidal interactions between the helium star and the BH companion. Our findings show that GW190814-like events could be formed in limited initial conditions just after the common envelope phase: a \(\sim 23\) \(M_{\odot}\) BH and a helium star of \(M_{\rm ZamsHe}\) \(\sim\) 8.5 \(M_{\odot}\) at solar metallicity (\(\sim\) 7.5 \(M_{\odot}\) at 10\% solar metallicity) with an initial orbital period at around 1.0 day. Additionally, the inferred low spin of the secondary indicates that the required metallicity for reproducing GW190814-like events should not be too low (e.g., Z \(\gtrsim\) 0.1 \(Z_{\odot}\)).
Determining the distances to the Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) is crucial for the measurement of their physical parameters and the study of their Galactic distribution. Based on two large ...catalogues of stars with robust distances and reddening estimates from the literature, we have estimated accurate distances to 61 PGCCs in the second Galactic quadrant. For this purpose, we have selected stars along the sightlines overlapping with the cores of the sample clumps and fitted the reddening profiles with a simple reddening model. The typical uncertainties of the resultant distances of these PGCCs are less than 8 per cent. The new estimates differ significantly from the kinematic values, well known to suffer from large errors. With the new distances, we have updated the physical properties including the radii, masses and virial parameters of the cores of the PGCCs.
The effect of 0-2 wt-% Sn addition on AZ80 magnesium alloys after 350°C extrusion has been studied by analysing microstructure and mechanical properties. The results indicated that dynamically ...recrystallised grains were fine and homogeneous with less than 1 wt-% Sn addition. In AZ80-0.5Sn alloy, a large number of Mg
17
Al
12
precipitated phases formed in grains and at grain boundaries during extrusion process. With more than 1 wt-% Sn addition, the size of dynamically recrystallised grains increased and the number of Mg
17
Al
12
phases decreased. The strength of as-extruded AZ80-0.5Sn alloy enhanced largely as compared with that of the as-extruded AZ80 alloy. AZ80-0.5Sn alloy had the outstanding tensile and compressive properties.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cumulative evidence suggests that neuronal death including autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. ...Moreover, vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is involved in many different neuroprotective and neuroplasticity pathways. Thus, VNS may be a novel approach for treating various neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aims to determine whether VNS protects against cerebral I/R injury in rats by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis.
Cerebral I/R injury is induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and VNS is carried out. Infarct volume, neurological deficit, autophagy, and apoptosis are examined 24 h after reperfusion.
Vagal nerve stimulation decreases infarct volume and suppresses neurological deficit. Moreover, obvious autophagy and apoptosis are detected in rats that have undergone I/R, and VNS inhibits autophagy and apoptosis.
Vagal nerve stimulation exerts neuroprotective effects following I/R injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis.
Duration-related cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized complication of type 1 diabetes. To explore potential underlying mechanisms, we examined hippocampal abnormalities in the ...spontaneously type 1 diabetic BB/W rat. As a functional assay of cognition, the Morris water maze test showed significantly prolonged latencies in 8-month diabetic rats not present at 2 months of diabetes. These abnormalities were associated with DNA fragmentation, positive TUNEL staining, elevated Bax/Bcl-x
L ratio, increased caspase 3 activities and decreased neuronal densities in diabetic hippocampi. These changes were not caused by hypoglycemic episodes or reduced weight in diabetic animals. To explore potential mechanisms responsible for the apoptosis, we examined the expression of the IGF system. Western blotting and in situ hybridization revealed significant reductions in the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR and IR preceding (2 months) and accompanying (8 months) the functional cognitive impairments and the apoptotic neuronal loss in hippocampus. These data suggest that a duration-related apoptosis-induced neuronal loss occurs in type 1 diabetes associated with cognitive impairment. The data also suggest that this is at least in part related to impaired insulin and/or IGF activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A shortcoming of most correlation distance methods based on the composition vectors without alignment developed for phylogenetic analysis using complete genomes is that the "distances" are not proper ...distance metrics in the strict mathematical sense. In this paper we propose two new correlation-related distance metrics to replace the old one in our dynamical language approach. Four genome datasets are employed to evaluate the effects of this replacement from a biological point of view. We find that the two proper distance metrics yield trees with the same or similar topologies as/to those using the old "distance" and agree with the tree of life based on 16S rRNA in a majority of the basic branches. Hence the two proper correlation-related distance metrics proposed here improve our dynamical language approach for phylogenetic analysis.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We mined the literature for proteomics data to examine the occurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) through a bioinformatics analysis. We divided the differentially expressed proteins ...(DEPs) into two groups: the group consisting of PCa and benign tissues (P&b) and the group presenting both high and low PCa metastatic tendencies (H&L). In the P&b group, we found 320 DEPs, 20 of which were reported more than three times, and DES was the most commonly reported. Among these DEPs, the expression levels of FGG, GSN, SERPINC1, TPM1, and TUBB4B have not yet been correlated with PCa. In the H&L group, we identified 353 DEPs, 13 of which were reported more than three times. Among these DEPs, MDH2 and MYH9 have not yet been correlated with PCa metastasis. We further confirmed that DES was differentially expressed between 30 cancer and 30 benign tissues. In addition, DEPs associated with protein transport, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway were prevalent in the H&L group and have not yet been studied in detail in this context. Proteins related to homeostasis, the wound-healing response, focal adhesions, and the complement and coagulation pathways were overrepresented in both groups. Our findings suggest that the repeatedly reported DEPs in the two groups may function as potential biomarkers for detecting PCa and predicting its aggressiveness. Furthermore, the implicated biological processes and signaling pathways may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa carcinogenesis and metastasis and provide new targets for clinical treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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