Abstract
The Einstein Telescope (ET), the European project for a third-generation gravitational-wave detector, has a reference configuration based on a triangular shape consisting of three nested ...detectors with 10 km arms, where each detector has a 'xylophone' configuration made of an interferometer tuned toward high frequencies, and an interferometer tuned toward low frequencies and working at cryogenic temperature. Here, we examine the scientific perspectives under possible variations of this reference design. We perform a detailed evaluation of the science case for a single triangular geometry observatory, and we compare it with the results obtained for a network of two L-shaped detectors (either parallel or misaligned) located in Europe, considering different choices of arm-length for both the triangle and the 2L geometries. We also study how the science output changes in the absence of the low-frequency instrument, both for the triangle and the 2L configurations. We examine a broad class of simple 'metrics' that quantify the science output, related to compact binary coalescences, multi-messenger astronomy and stochastic backgrounds, and we then examine the impact of different detector designs on a more specific set of scientific objectives.
Mutations in homodimeric isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes at specific arginine residues result in the abnormal activity to overproduce
-2 hydroxyglutarate (
-2HG), which is often projected as ...solid oncometabolite in cancers and other disorders. As a result, depicting the potential inhibitor for
-2HG formation in mutant IDH enzymes is a challenging task in cancer research. The mutation in the cytosolic IDH1 enzyme at R132H, especially, may be associated with higher frequency of all types of cancers. So, the present work specifically focuses on the design and screening of allosteric site binders to the cytosolic mutant IDH1 enzyme. The 62 reported drug molecules were screened along with biological activity to identify the small molecular inhibitors using computer-aided drug design strategies. The designed molecules proposed in this work show better binding affinity, biological activity, bioavailability, and potency toward the inhibition of
-2HG formation compare to the reported drugs in the in silico approach.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the recent years, New Delhi, the capital city of India, has ranked among the most polluted cities in the world regarding its air quality related to the submicron Particulate Matter (PM_(2.5)). ...Using NASA's A-train satellite data (MODIS, OMI, and CALIOP), ground-level PM_(2.5) measured in New Delhi (2013-2016), and back-trajectory calculations, we show that the PM_(2.5) over New Delhi is strongly affected by the agricultural fires in the northwestern Indian states of Punjab and Haryana during the post-monsoon season (October and November). The mass concentration of PM_(2.5) escalates from ~50 μg m^(-3) measured prior to the onset of residue burning in early October to as high as 300 μg m^(-3) (24-hour averaged, 7- day running mean) during the peak burning period in early November. A linear regression analysis reveals that the variations in PM_(2.5) over New Delhi can be attributed to the concurrent changes in the satellite retrievals of fire counts and aerosols over the crop burning area. The back-trajectory analysis shows that most clusters (＞ 80%) of the northwesterly flow near the ground intercepted the crop burning region before arriving at the receptor location in New Delhi; this further corroborates the transport patterns inferred from the satellite data. A 15-year long satellite record (2002-2016) reveals an increasing trend in agricultural fires (~617 per year) and aerosol loading (0.031 and 0.04 per year in aerosol optical depth and UV aerosol index) in November. Increasing levels of crop residue burning and resulting particulate matter pollution at an alarming rate over northern India is a pressing concern demanding corrective measures to substantially reduce or completely diminish the crop burning through an effective residue management system.
A chance discovery of the tumoricidal action of a human milk fraction led to the characterization of the active component as oleic acid complex of the α-lactalbumin, which was given the acronym ...HAMLET. We report in this study that the oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (BAMLET) is hemolytic to human erythrocytes as well as to those derived from some other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis suggested binding of BAMLET to erythrocytes prior to induction of hemolysis. Free OA was hemolytic albeit at higher concentrations, while sodium oleate caused hemolysis at far lower concentrations. Amiloride and BaCl2 offered protection against BAMLET-induced hemolysis suggesting the involvement of a cation leak channel in the process. BAMLET coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose was not only hemolytic but also tumoricidal to Jurkat and MCF-7 cells in culture. The Sepharose-linked preparation was however not toxic to non-cancerous peritoneal macrophages and primary adipocytes. The tumoricidal action was studied using the MTT-assay while apoptosis induction measured by the annexin V-propidium iodide assay. Repeated incubation of the immobilized BAMLET with erythrocytes depleted oleic acid and decreased the hemolytic activity of the complex. Incubation of MCF-7 and Jurkat cells with OA, soluble or immobilized BAMLET resulted in increase in the uptake of Lyso Tracker Red and Nile red by the cells. The data presented support the contention that oleic acid plays the key role, both in BAMLET-induced hemolysis and tumoricidal action.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nowadays, the industry uses 3D Scanners for reverse engineering, new product design, rapid manufacturing, multimedia, architecture, inspection, and quality control. The scanning process converts a ...real object into a digital format. This paper's essential purpose is to show the use of a 3D blue light Scanner/COMET 3D to redesign a carburetor body. The paper identifies different issues involved in the processes to help future users. COMET 3D does scanning of the carburetor body by which COLIN 3D software is used for measurements, editing, and analyzing of the acquired point clouds data. This paper also identifies the necessary steps to undertake 3D Scanning and part dimensioning for a carburetor body. It also discusses the error/problems that occurred during the process. The applications of non-contact blue light 3D Scanners are many as they can be innovatively used to redesign an existing part, architecture designing, and reducing production cycle time, biomedical and associated applications. This paper's contribution lies in achieving a step-by-step procedure of scanning any three-dimensional object as this helps in understanding the 3D scanning hardware and support software. It provides good knowledge of how to resolve the issues that can cause an error during the measurement of the surfaces and scan objects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. We have shown previously that mice deficient in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1/CCL2) or ...its receptor (CCR2) develop the features of AMD in senescent mice, however, the human genetic evidence so far is contradictory. We hypothesized that any dysfunction in the CCL2 and its receptor result could be the contributing factor in pathogenesis of AMD.
133 AMD patients and 80 healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Single neucleotid Polymorphism for CCL2 and CCR2 was analyzed by real time PCR. CCL2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after normalization to total serum protein and percentage (%) of CCR2 expressing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated using Flow Cytometry. The genotype and allele frequency for both CCL2 and CCR2 was found to be significantly different between AMD and normal controls. The CCL2 ELISA levels were significantly higher in AMD patients and flow Cytometry analysis revealed significantly reduced CCR2 expressing PBMCs in AMD patients as compared to normal controls.
We analyzed the association between single neucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CCL2 (rs4586) and CCR2 (rs1799865) with their respective protein levels. Our results revealed that individuals possessing both SNPs are at a higher risk of development of AMD.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Observations of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers have enabled unique tests of general relativity in the dynamical and non-linear regimes. One of the most important such tests is ...constraints on the post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the phase of the gravitational wave signal. The values of the PN coefficients can be calculated within standard general relativity, and these values are different in many alternate theories of gravity. It is clearly of great interest to constrain the deviations based on gravitational wave observations. In the majority of such tests which have been carried out, and which yield by far the most stringent constraints, it is common to vary these PN coefficients individually. While this might in principle be useful for detecting certain deviations from standard general relativity, it is a serious limitation. For example, we would expect alternate theories of gravity to generically have additional parameters. The corrections to the PN coefficients would be expected to depend on these additional non-GR parameters, whence, we expect that the various PN coefficients to be highly correlated. We present an alternate analysis here using data from the binary neutron star coalescence GW170817. Our analysis uses an appropriate linear combination of non-GR parameters that represent absolute deviations from the corresponding post-Newtonian inspiral coefficients in the TaylorF2 approximant phase. These combinations represent uncorrelated non-GR parameters which correspond to principal directions of their covariance matrix in the parameter subspace. Our results illustrate good agreement with GR. In particular, the integral non-GR phase is
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0.0447
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and the deviation from GR percentile is
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=
25.85
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.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) infections are well-known hospital-borne infections and are a major contributing factor to global health concerns of antimicrobial resistance due to the formation of ...biofilms. Probiotics are known to assist in the healing of wounds through immunomodulation and also possess anti-pathogen properties via competitive inhibition. The probiotic bacterium,
MTCC 2621 and its cell-free supernatant (Lp2621) have previously been reported to have antibacterial, excellent antioxidant, and wound healing activity in
conditions and wounds contaminated with
in mice.
In the current study, we evaluated its anti-MRSA, biofilm inhibition and eradication efficacy, immunomodulatory activity in THP-1 cells, and wound healing potential in wounds contaminated with MRSA infection in mice.
In agar well diffusion assay, Lp2621 showed anti-MRSA activity and revealed dose-dependent inhibition and eradication of biofilm by crystal violet assay as well as by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Further, Lp2621 showed immunomodulatory activity at varied concentrations as measured by IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression in THP-1 cells. Similar findings were observed in serum samples of mice after treatment of excision wound contaminated with MRSA infection by Lp2621 gel, as evident by expression of IL-6 (pro-inflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) cytokines.
Overall, our results show that Lp2621 has potent anti-MRSA and antioxidant properties and can prevent and eliminate biofilm formation. It also showed promise when applied to mice with MRSA-infected wounds.
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