•Fourier-Bessel series expansion based flexible time-frequency coverage wavelet transform.•Detection of focal epileptic zones using electroencephalogram signals.•Performance of the developed ...automated system at different signal to noise ratio levels.•Comparison of the developed automated system against the current state-of-art methods.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which involves the whole range of age from child to elderly people. Focal (FO) epilepsy is a kind of drug resistance epilepsy in which neurosurgical resection provides an opportunity for this life-threatening problem. A most common technique used to identify FO epileptic brain area has visually classified the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals related to FO epilepsy. These EEG signals can also be classified with an automated method based on advanced signal processing techniques to overcome the errors produced during visual observation of EEG signals. In this research work, an automated FO EEG signals classification method has been developed with the help of Fourier-Bessel series expansion (FBSE) based flexible time-frequency coverage wavelet transform. In this method, the features such as mixture correntropy (MC) and exponential energy (EE) have been involved for the classification of FO EEG signals. The classification task has been performed involving 10-fold cross-validation with least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) classifier. The developed automated method has also been optimized with probability (p)-value based feature ranking method. The achieved highest classification performance parameters like as accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), and specificity (SPE) are 95.85%, 95.47%, and 96.24% by this developed automated method. The developed automated method has also been tested at different signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels to check the robustness against noisy environments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A new method for detection of focal EEG signals has been proposed.•The proposed method is based on the flexible analytic wavelet transform.•The developed method has been compared with the other ...existing methods.•The obtained classification accuracy by proposed method is 94.41%.
Epilepsy is a neurological disease which is difficult to diagnose accurately. An authentic detection of focal epilepsy will help the clinicians to provide proper treatment for the patients. Generally, focal electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are used to diagnose the epilepsy. In this paper, we have developed an automated system for the detection of focal EEG signals using differencing and flexible analytic wavelet transform (FAWT) methods. The differenced EEG signals are subjected to 15 levels of FAWT. Various entropies namely cross correntropy, Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE) entropy, and log energy entropy are extracted from the reconstructed original signal and 16 sub-band signals. The statistically significant features are obtained from Kruskal–Wallis test based on (p < 0.05). K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) classifiers with different distances and kernels respectively are used for automated diagnosis. In the proposed methodology, we have achieved classification accuracy of 94.41% in detecting focal EEG signals using LS-SVM classifier with ten-fold cross validation strategy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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4.
Semmelweis Reflex: An Age-Old Prejudice Gupta, Vipin K.; Saini, Chhavi; Oberoi, Meher ...
World neurosurgery,
April 2020, 2020-Apr, 2020-04-00, 20200401, Volume:
136
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Semmelweis reflex is a human behavioral tendency to stick to preexisting beliefs and to reject fresh ideas that contradict them (despite adequate evidence). We aim to familiarize the readers with the ...term that not only has a significant historical background but also grave clinical implications.
A keyword search for “Semmelweis reflex,” “Belief perseverance,” “handwashing,” and “Idea rejection” was conducted using PubMed Central, MEDLINE, and Google SCHOLAR. Literature published in paper-based journals and books was also searched. All manuscripts pertaining to these keywords were thoroughly analyzed for this review.
The first section of our paper briefs the story of Ignaz Semmelweis and brushes on the contributions of other intellectual researchers that were rebuffed initially. The discussion further explains the root cause of this dismissal, an inherent bias against uncertainty that may be at the core of our fear for new ideas. Finally, this review explores the means by which we can prevent ourselves from being a victim of rejection.
The age-old prejudice that is Semmelweis reflex is explored in this review. With careful and thorough study design, scientific rigor, and critical self-analysis of the manuscript, one can avoid being victimized by this reflex. The dual edged nature of this reflex lays unveiled when its importance is highlighted in the prematurely accepted medical failures. Understanding that any new idea goes through the grill of being critically analyzed and perceived encourages the scientist to hold on to the original thought as it may rather be practice changing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Earlier detection strategies for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) hardware are required.•Hardware infection was associated with increased impedance in vitro.•Similar increases in impedance were observed ...in a patient case with hardware infection.•Increasing impedance 1–2 months post-DBS surgery may serve as an early indicator.
When deep brain stimulation (DBS) infections are identified, they are often too advanced to treat without complete hardware removal. New objective markers to promptly identify DBS infections are needed. We present a patient with GPi (globus pallidus interna) DBS for dystonia, where the electrode impedance unexpectedly increased 3-months post-operatively, followed by serologic and hematologic markers of inflammation at 6-months, prompting explantation surgery. We recreated these conditions in a laboratory environment to analyze the pattern of changing of electrical impedance across the contacts of a DBS lead following Staphylococcus biofilm formation.
A stainless-steel culture chamber containing 1 % brain heart infusion agar was used. A DBS electrode was dipped in peptone water containing a strain of S. aureus and subsequently introduced into the chamber. The apparatus was incubated at 37 °C for 6 days. Impedance was measured at 24hr intervals. A control experiment without S. Aureus inoculation was used to determine changes in impedance over a period of 6-days.
The mean monopolar impedance on day-1 was 751.8 ± 23.8 Ω and on day-3 was 1004.8 ± 68.7 Ω, a 33.7 % rise (p = 0.007). A faint biofilm formation could be seen around the DBS lead by day-2 and florid growth by day-3. After addition of the linezolid solution, a 15.9 % decrease in monopolar impedance was observed from day 3–6 (p = 0.003).
This study gives insight into impedance trends following a hardware infection in DBS. Increased impedance outside expected norms may be valuable for early prediction of infection. Furthermore, timely management using antibiotics might reduce the frequency of infection-related explant surgeries.
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Serrated polyps are considered precursor lesions that account for 15% to 30% of colorectal cancers, and they are overrepresented as a cause of interval cancers. They are difficult to detect and ...resect comprehensively; however, recent data suggest that high definition endoscopy, chromoendoscopy (via spray catheter, pump or orally), narrow band imaging, split-dose bowel preparation and a slower withdrawal (>6 minutes) can all improve detection. Cold snare resection is effective and safe for these lesions, including cold snare piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection, which is likely to become the standard of care for lesions >10 mm in size. Sessile serrated lesions ≥10 mm in size, those exhbiting dysplasia, or traditional serrated adenomas increase the chance of future advanced neoplasia. Thus, a consensus is emerging: a surveillance examination at 3 years should be recommended if these lesions are detected. Serrated lesions likely carry equivalent risk to adenomas, so future guidelines may consider serrated class lesions and adenomas together for risk stratification. Patients with serrated polyposis syndrome should undergo surveillance every 1 to 2 years once the colon is cleared of larger lesions, and their first degree relatives should undergo screening every 5 years starting at age 40.
More than 250 loci have been identified by genome-wide scans for type 2 diabetes in different populations. South Asians have a very different manifestation of the diseases and hence role of these ...loci need to be investigated among Indians with huge burden of cardio-metabolic disorders. Thus the present study aims to validate the recently identified GWAS loci in an endogamous caste population in North India. 219 T2D cases and 184 controls were recruited from hospitals and genotyped for 15 GWAS loci of T2D. Regression models adjusted for covariates were run to examine the association for T2D and fasting glucose levels. We validated three variants for T2D namely, rs11634397 at ZFAND6 (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.02-9.19, p = 0.047) and rs8042680 at PRC1 (OR = 3.67, 95%CI = 1.13-11.93, p = 0.031) showing higher risk and rs6813195 at TMEM154 (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.09-0.90, p = 0.033) showing protective effect. The combined risk of 9 directionally consistent variants was also found to be significantly associated with T2D (OR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.18-3.08, p = 0.008). One variant rs10842994 at KLHDC5 was validated for 9.15mg/dl decreased fasting glucose levels (SE = -17.25-1.05, p = 0.027). We confirm the role of ZFAND6, PRC1 and TMEM154 in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes among Indians. More efforts are needed with larger sample sizes to validate the diabetes GWAS loci in South Asian populations for wider applicability.
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Purpose--Even though there is a growing recognition of the externality costs of low environmental performance by firms, there continue to be significant inter-firm differentials in environmental ...performance management. We build on the theories of strategic management to inquire into the factors contributing to these differentials. Design/methodology/approach--Using a 2015 survey sample of Chinese small and medium enterprises, we empirically investigate the alternative thesis that the profit maximization motive constitutes the appropriate heuristic for the performance management of corporate social responsibility factors. Findings--The green capability of a firm is an aggregate of green trading and the investments that the firm has made in green initiatives that are complementary to its strategic business model. The profit aspiration level of firms has a negative influence on their green programing, while transformational leadership has a positive influence. Originality/value - We develop seven propositions represented as algebraic relationships to interpret these factors.
This paper investigates the intricate energy distribution patterns emerging at an orthotropic piezothermoelastic half-space interface by considering the influence of a higher-order three-phase lags ...heat conduction law, accompanied by memory-dependent derivatives (referred to as HPS) within the underlying thermoelastic half-space (referred to as TS). This study explores the amplitude and energy ratios of reflected and transmitted waves. These waves span various incident types, including longitudinal, thermal, and transversal, as they propagate through the TS and interact at the interface. Upon encountering the interface, an intriguing dynamic unfolds: three waves experience reflection within the TS medium, while four waves undergo transmission into the HPS medium. A graphical representation effectively illustrates the impact of higher-order time differential parameters and memory to offer comprehensive insights. This visual representation reveals the nuanced fluctuations of energy ratios with the incidence angle. The model astutely captures diverse scenarios, showcasing its ability to interpret complex interface dynamics.
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Secondary metabolites produced by
are an important source of antibiotics, drugs, and antimicrobial peptides. However, the large genome size of actinobacteria with high gene coding density makes it ...difficult to understand the complex regulation of biosynthesis of such critically and economically important products. In the last few decades, apart from genomics sequences, high-throughput proteomics has proven beneficial to understand the key players regulating the expression pattern of secondary metabolite and antibiotic production in different experimental set-ups. In the past, we have been analyzing the genomics data and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to predict the regulation dynamics and crucial regulatory hubs in
. The multidirectional regulation and expression of the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of important metabolite take their cue from the other primary metabolism pathways with which they show intricate interactions in the interactome. The regulation occurs by not only the action and expression of the biosynthetic gene cluster but also the role of transcription factors and primary metabolic pathways. Using the key players of these interactomes, we can regulate the synthesis/production of these valuable peptides/metabolites. Simultaneously, the multi-omics approach has now opened new gateways in investigation, screening, and identification of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides from actinobacteria which are beneficial for humans and also provide economic and industrial benefits to humankind.
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