Highlights • Expression patterns of amh and amhrII in teleost fish. • Effects of Amh in teleost fish in comparison to mammals. • Regulation of Amh expression. • Amh is a central player in gonad ...development and spermatogenesis. • Amh is a target of gonadotropic Fsh in fish.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The growing demand worldwide for proteins and lipids cannot be met by the intensive use of agricultural land currently available. Insect mass cultures as a source for proteins and lipids have been in ...focus for various reasons. An insect with many positive properties is the black soldier fly,
, whose larvae could be used for the sustainable production of proteins and lipids. Furthermore, the larvae produce bioactive substances which could potentially be used for human and animal welfare.
Techniques for conditional gene or protein expression are important tools in developmental biology and in the analysis of physiology and disease. On the protein level, the tunable and reversible ...expression of proteins can be achieved by the fusion of the protein of interest to a destabilizing domain (DD). In the absence of its specific ligand (Shield-1), the protein is degraded by the proteasome. The DD-Shield system has proven to be an excellent tool to regulate the expression of proteins of interests in mammalian systems but has not been applied in teleosts like the medaka. We present the application of the DD-Shield technique in transgenic medaka and show the ubiquitous conditional expression throughout life. Shield-1 administration to the water leads to concentration-dependent induction of a YFP reporter gene in various organs and in spermatogonia at the cellular level.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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The interaction of actin and myosin is essential for cell migration. We have identified kaempferol and pentahalogenated pseudilins as efficient inhibitors of migration of MDA-MB-231 ...breast adenocarcinoma cells. The compounds were studied with respect to possible effects on myosin-2-ATPase activity. The pentahalogenated pseudilins inhibited the enzyme activity in vitro. Flavonoids showed no effect on enzyme activity. The polymerization dynamics of actin was measured to test whether the integrity of F-actin is essential for the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Quercetin and kaempferol depolymerized F-actin with similar efficiencies as found for the pentahalogenated pseudilins, whereas epigallocatechin showed the weakest effect. As the inhibitory effect on cell migration may be caused by a toxic effect, we have performed a cytotoxicity test and, furthermore, investigated the influence of the test compounds on cardiac function in eleutheroembryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Compared with the pentahalogenated pseudilins, the cytotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of flavonoids on medaka embryos were found to be moderate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
Many neurological insults are accompanied by a marked acute inflammatory reaction, involving the activation of microglia. Using a model of exogenous application of fluorescence‐labeled BV2 ...microglia in pathophysiologically relevant concentrations onto organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, we investigated the specific effects of microglia on neuronal damage after ischemic injury. Neuronal cell death after oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) was determined by propidium iodide incorporation and Nissl staining. Migration and interaction with neurons were analyzed by time resolved 3‐D two‐photon microscopy. We show that microglia protect against OGD‐induced neuronal damage and engage in close physical cell‐cell contact with neurons in the damaged brain area. Neuroprotection and migration of microglia were not seen with integrin regulator CD11a‐deficient microglia or HL‐60 granulocytes. The induction of migration and neuron‐microglia interaction deep inside the slice was markedly increased under OGD conditions. Lipopolysaccharide‐prestimulated microglia failed to provide neuroprotection after OGD. Pharmacological interference with microglia function resulted in a reduced neuroprotection. Microglia proved to be neuroprotective even when applied up to 4 h after OGD, thus defining a “protective time window.” In acute injury such as trauma or stroke, appropriately activated microglia may primarily have a neuroprotective role. Anti‐inflammatory treatment within the protective time window of microglia would therefore be counterintuitive.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Stopping myo: The total syntheses of the title compounds have been achieved using a highly efficient silver(I)‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐tosyl‐homopropargylamines. The pseudilin derivatives ...represent a novel class of myosin inhibitors. A new allosteric binding pocket of the Dictyostelium myosin‐2 motor domain has been identified for pentabromopseudilin (1) by using an X‐ray crystal structure determination of the inhibitor–protein complex.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Fish and meat production and processing will grow drastically in the coming decades. In aquacultural systems, insects are gaining interest as feed to provide a sustainable alternative to the fishmeal ...paradox, whose production leads to high consumption of resources and negative environmental impacts. Within the scope of this study, the production of fish feed from Hermetia illucens larvae and Lemna minor in an inline recirculating aquaponics model for urban sites was developed and optimized, which efficiently combines waste and environmental service concepts in one production system. At the same time, the value chain produces high-quality, market-accessible raw materials for the fish feed industry. All investigations were accompanied by a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to measure and compare ecological effects to finally result in sustainable alternatives. The results achieved in this research show that fish feed based on Hermetia illucens and Lemna minor can have the potential to be ecologically competitive or more sustainable than standard feed. It should be noted that the comparison here represents the results of the project on a pilot scale. Various optimization potentials were shown, which are essential for the large-scale implementation of the breeding of both species as well as their processing up to the fish feed pellets.
Larvae of
Hermetia illucens,
commonly known as black soldier fly, efficiently convert organic waste into nutrient-rich supplements for different applications. Here we performed a preliminary ...experiment to investigate the dynamics of the
H. illucens
gut microbiota and changes in the composition of the bacterial community in the residue of the larval feed during rearing. We furthermore quantified the presence of antibiotic resistance and disinfectant genes in the gut and feed microbiota during the rearing process to elucidate if rearing leads to a reduction, increase, and/or transfer of resistance genes from the feed to larvae and vice versa. We found that the gut and feed residue bacterial communities were distinct throughout the rearing process. The gut microbiome remained more stable compared to the feed residue microbiome varying in both bacterial abundance and community structure during rearing. Antibiotic-resistance genes were present in both, gut and feed residues, with a significant increase in pupae and residue samples taken at the end of the rearing process. Disinfectant-resistance genes were present in the feed residue and even increased during the rearing process but were not transferred to the gut microbiome. We conclude that
H. illucens
larvae have a stable gut microbiome that does not change significantly over the course of larval development, whereas bacterial communities in the feed residue are strongly affected by rearing. If the presence of antibiotics and disinfectants during rearing, can promote the spread of antibiotic/disinfectant-resistance genes among feed and larvae needs to be evaluated in further experiments.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Biomass waste and waste-derived feedstocks are important resources for the development of sustainable value-added products. However, the provision and preparation of biomass as well as all possible ...downstream processing steps need to be thoroughly analyzed to gain environmentally sound and economically viable products. Additionally, its impacts are substantially determined by decisions made at early development stages. Therefore, sustainability assessment methods can support to improve the production process, reduce waste, and costs and help decision-making, at the industrial as well as policy levels. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analysis technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all product's life cycle stages. It is a well-established tool to drive development towards a sustainable direction, however, its application in the earlier research phase is surrounded by practical challenges. The overall objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the environmental issues involved in the early stages of product and process development and the opportunities for life cycle assessment techniques to address these issues. Thus, herein two LCA case studies are presented, dealing with novel approaches for food and feed supply through implementing the valorization and upcycling of waste and side-streams, respectively. In both case studies, LCA is used as a decision support tool for R&D activities to launch environmentally sound products to market, as well as to highlight the usefulness of LCA for identifying environmental issues at an earlier stage of development, regardless of product, process, or service.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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