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Obesity is a multifactorial chronic non-communicable disease that affects more than one- third of the world population. It represents a burden on human health in both developed and ...developing countries. Nowadays there is an urgent need for effective natural alternatives to manage obesity. This study aimed at exploring the fundamental molecular processes and contributive pathways of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lepidium sativum, L. seeds (LP) to manage weight gain with its accompanied metabolic complications in a high-fat diet-induced obesity animal model.
Different doses of the hydroalcoholic extract were investigated for adipogenesis inhibition in liver tissues through Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) transcriptional activity and mitochondrial phosphorylation of 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) using western blot. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c which plays a role in regulating cellular free fatty acid homeostasis via fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis was evaluated using RT-qPCR gene analysis. Furthermore, Analyses of alterations in body weight and serum biomarkers such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin, leptin and adiponectin were used to assess the anti-obesity effect. The protective seeds’ impact on hepatic tissues was further assessed by histopathological examination. The bioactive metabolites profiling was conducted via HPLC/ESI/PDA/MS-MS.
LP effectively modulated PPARγ transcriptional activity via activation of mitochondrial phosphorylation of AMPK. Moreover, RT-qPCR gene analysis presented suppression of nuclear expression of SREBP-1c in dose-dependent method related to control group. Furthermore, it was revealed that LP moderated serum lipid profile, glycemic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. In addition, it reduced liver injury through decreasing ALT and AST enzymes in serum, upregulating liver antioxidant enzyme glutathione, and downregulating oxidative stress manifested in decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by declining in proinflammatory cytokine leukotriene B4 (LT-B4).
This study is the first to report the potential impact of nutritional supplementation of Lepidium sativum seeds (400 mg/kg) to alleviate metabolic disorders and inflammatory responses in high-fat diet-induced obese rats via modulating AMPK/SREBP-1c of the PPARγ signaling Pathway.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Wheat is considered as the most important cereal grain globally. It has a vast economic importance as it is used in producing bread, pastries, and household flour and serving as food for livestock ...among other uses. Different biological activities of wheat were correlated with the presence of polyphenols due to their antioxidant activities and other preventative capabilities. Wheat can also be used as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiaging agent. Omics has established itself during the past 20 years as a crucial tool for comprehending the internal systems of various plant systems including wheat using LC–MS, GC–MS, and UV spectrophotometry as analytical techniques. The current review represents in depth search regarding wheat cultivation, botanical description, economic significance, quantitative phytochemical characterization, and biological importance. Additionally, a critical assessment of the cited omics research on wheat was conducted with an emphasis on the analytical instrument, methods of analysis and results interpretation.
Obesity and related metabolic diseases prevalence rates have risen dramatically in the recent decades, leading to severe health issues and increased mortality rates. A pressing need is evolved for a ...potential solution addressing obesity undermining. Bariatric dietary supplements and alternative medicine are recently gaining growing attention as a panacea for obesity owing to their rich nutritional profile and bioactive compounds. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current knowledge of some purported dietary seeds commonly used as functional food; quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, L.), chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Hab El-Rashad (Lepidium sativum, L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Due to the limited scientific evidence for their efficacy, future studies should empirically investigate dietary intervention structure to evaluate the impact on body mass status.
Marine natural products have achieved great success as an important source of new lead compounds for drug discovery. The Red Sea provides enormous diversity on the biological scale in all domains of ...life including micro- and macro-organisms. In this review, which covers the literature to the end of 2019, we summarize the diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from Red Sea micro- and macro-organisms, and discuss their biological potential whenever applicable. Moreover, the diversity of the Red Sea organisms is highlighted as well as their genomic potential. This review is a comprehensive study that compares the natural products recovered from the Red Sea in terms of ecological role and pharmacological activities.
Quinic acid (QA) and its ester conjugates have been subjected to in-depth scientific investigations for their antioxidant properties. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used ...for selective extraction of quinic acid (QA) from coffee bean extract. Computational modelling was performed to optimize the process of MIP preparation. Three different functional monomers (allylamine, methacrylic acid (MAA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP)) were tested for imprinting. The ratio of each monomer to template chosen was based on the optimum ratio obtained from computational studies. Equilibrium rebinding studies were conducted and MIP C, which was prepared using 4-VP as functional monomer with template to monomer ratio of 1:5, showed better binding performance than the other prepared MIPs. Accordingly, MIP C was chosen to be applied for selective separation of QA using solid-phase extraction. The selectivity of MIP C towards QA was tested versus its analogues found in coffee (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid). Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) using MIP C as sorbent was then applied for selective extraction of QA from aqueous coffee extract. The applied MISPE was able to retrieve 81.918 ± 3.027% of QA with a significant reduction in the amount of other components in the extract.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
(L.) Schott is a popular Asian tree widely used in traditional medicine. The current study explored the potential stress resistance and antioxidant activities of its fruits. Phytochemical profiling ...of the hydroalcoholic fruit extract was done via high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass/mass (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS). Twenty four phenolic constituents were tentatively identified in the extract. The
(
) nematode model in addition to trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity mouse model were used for in vivo evaluation of its antioxidant properties. The ability of the extract to enhance stress resistance was manifested through increasing survival rate by 44.7% and decreasing basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 72.3% in
. In addition, the extract increased the levels of the stress response enzyme superoxide dismutase-3 (Sod-3) by 55.5% and decreased the expression of heat shock protein-16.2 (Hsp-16.2) in nematodes, which had been challenged by juglone, by 21%. Using a mouse model, the extract significantly decreased the expression of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, an elevation in the levels of the antioxidant marker glutathione (GSH), SOD and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzymes were observed. Our findings imply that
has the potential to be used in future studies focusing on diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Neutrophilic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or psoriasis, exert a huge burden on the global health system due ...to the lack of safe and effective treatments. Volatile oils from terrestrial plants showed impressive therapeutic effects against disorders of the skin, digestive system, lungs, liver, metabolism, and nervous system. However, their effect on the immune system and neutrophil function is still elusive. Fennel, cumin, marjoram, lavender, caraway, and anise are the common nutraceuticals that are widely used in the Mediterranean diet. The volatile oils of these herbs were screened for various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Several oils showed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential. Fennel (
Foeniculum vulgare
) and cumin (
Cuminum cyminum
) fruits' volatile oils significantly suppressed the activation of human neutrophils, including respiratory burst and the degranulation induced by formyl peptide receptor agonists fMLF/CB and MMK1 in the human neutrophils (IC
50
, 3.8–17.2 µg/ml). The cytotoxic effect and free-radical scavenging effects (ABTS, DPPH) of these oils did not account for the observed effects. Both fennel and cumin volatile oils significantly shortened calcium influx recovery time and inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, and ERK) expression. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of these oils revealed the presence of estragole and cuminaldehyde as the major components of fennel and cumin volatile oils, respectively. Our findings suggested that cumin and fennel, common in the Mediterranean diet, hold the potential to be applied for the treatment of neutrophilic inflammatory diseases.
(L.) (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant from tropical Asia. It is known for its marked antioxidant activity, which is attributed to its high phenolic content. The present study aims at testing both the ...antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of
using the
model, which is widely used in this context.
Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites that seem to be responsible for both antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities was carried out by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS
. Antioxidant activity was tested
by CUPRAC and DPPH assays.
antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were investigated using the
model.
The
extract improved the survival rate of the nematodes and protected them against oxidative stress. In addition, a decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed. The important role of DAF-16/FOXO pathway was confirmed through an increased nuclear localization of the DAF-16 transcription factor, increased expression of SOD-3 stress response gene and decreased expression of HSP-16.2. Furthermore, the putative involvement of SKN-1/NRF2 pathway was demonstrated by a decrease in GST-4 levels. A neuroprotective activity of the
extract was shown by a decline in polyglutamine (polyQ40) aggregate formation and a delay in paralysis caused by amyloid beta (Aβ
) accumulation.
The
extract exhibits substantial antioxidant and neuroprotective activities
, which might provide a rich and novel source of natural antioxidants and neuroprotective compounds to be further studied for the use in various food and cosmetic industrial fields.
(Forssk.) DC. is a prostrate or pendent dark green succulent herb found in the southwestern mountain regions of Saudi Arabia. The literature survey of the plant reveals a lack of phytochemical and ...pharmacological studies, although traditional uses have been noted. The objective of the present work was to assess the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as, the in vitro cytotoxic potential of the fractions of
, and correlate these activities to the plant metabolites. The methanolic extract of
was subjected to fractionation with
-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform,
-butanol, and water. The fractions were screened for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as cytotoxic activity against breast, liver, and colon cancer cell lines. The
-hexane and chloroform fractions of
showed significant cytotoxic activity against all three cancer cell lines tested. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The metabolites in these three active fractions were determined using UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. Thus, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant were attributed to its phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, protocatechuic, and chlorogenic acids). While fatty acids and triterpenoids such as (tormentic acid) in the hexane fraction are responsible for the cytotoxic activity; thus, these fractions of
may be a novel source for the development of new plant-based analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer drugs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Despite its widespread uses in Chinese and European medicine, Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese scholar tree, formerly Sophora japonicum) has not been extensively investigated for its ...potential to protect against neurodegenerative processes and to promote resistance to oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective activities of a hydroalcoholic extract from Chinese scholar tree fruits that could be possibly linked to its antioxidant properties using Caenorhabditis elegans as a well-established in vivo model. Methods Survival rate in mutant daf-16 and skn-1 worms, stressed by the pro-oxidant juglone and treated with the extract, was tested. Localization of the transcription factors SKN-1 and DAF-16, and expression of gst-4 were measured. For evaluation of neuroprotective effects, formation of polyglutamine (polyQ40) clusters, alpha-synuclein aggregates, loss of amphid sensilla (ASH) neuronal function, and amyloid beta (Abeta) accumulation (as markers for Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's) was examined. Results The extract, which contains substantial amounts of phenolic phytochemicals, showed an increase in the survival rate of worms challenged with juglone in daf-16 mutants but not in skn-1 mutants. The transcription factor SKN-1 was activated by the extract, while DAF-16 was not affected. Upon application of the extract, a significant decline in GST-4 levels, polyQ40 cluster formation, number of lost ASH sensory neurons, alpha-synuclein aggregation, and paralysis resulting from Abeta accumulation was observed. Conclusions Styphnolobium japonicum fruit extract activated the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway, resulting in oxidative stress resistance. It revealed promising pharmacological activities towards treatment of Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. Polyphenolics from Styphnolobium japonicum may be a promising route towards treatment of CNS disorders, but need to be tested in other in vivo systems. Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans, SKN-1/Nrf2, Oxidative stress, Neuroprotection, Styphnolobium japonicum
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