All birds produce vocalizations as a form of tcommunication with other individuals. Different from songbirds, crowing is a singing vocalization produced by chickens that cannot be learned through ...imitation. Some genes are assumed to be responsible for this activity. The long-crowing chickens have a melodious and long sound, so they are categorized as singing chickens. They are part of the biodiversity in Indonesia, which has high economic and socio-cultural value. Reviews about long-crowing chickens, especially in Indonesia, are still very rare. This article aims to identify the uniqueness and the existence of long-crowing chickens, together with the conservation efforts needed to manage them. Information was collected from journal articles and other relevant documents. There are four local chickens in Indonesia classified as long-crowing chickens. They are developed in different areas of the community with different socio-cultural characteristics. The fundamental differences among the breeds that can be quantified are in crowing duration and the number of syllables. The government has acknowledged that long-crowing chickens are important genetic resources; however, the association and individual keepers or enthusiasts are vital actors in conservation efforts. The information about long-crowing chickens in Indonesia is incomplete. The research activities that need to be conducted include exploring the population number and distribution, as well as documentation of the local knowledge of chicken breeders and enthusiasts.
ABSTRAK
Seiring dengan berkembanganya sektor peternakan, permintaan terhadap tumbuhan pakan pun ikut meningkat. Diperlukan upaya perbaikan genetik melalui teknik konvensional maupun melalui ...bioteknologi yang saat ini sudah berkembang pada tingkat molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA yang dihasilkan dari ekstraksi DNA pada rumput raja (Pennisetum purpuroides) dan rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) menggunakan dua buffer ektraksi DNA yaitu CTAB dan Kit DNAzol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA. Data yang dihasilkan dianalisa menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstraksi DNA rumput raja dan rumput gajah yang dengan metode CTAB dan DNAzol mendapatkan hasil yang bervariasi. Ekstraksi DNA pada rumput raja dengan CTAB menghasilkan rataan konsentrasi dan kemurnian yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 729,63 ng/?l dan 1,92, dibandingkan dengan menggunakan buffer DNAzol, dengan rata-rata konsentrasi DNA sebesar 142,72 ng/?l dan 1,61. Selanjutnya ekstraksi DNA rumput gajah menggunakan buffer DNAzol menghasilkan rata-rata konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA yang lebih baik, yaitu 242,1625 ng/?l dan 1,83, dibandingkan menggunakan Metode CTAB, yaitu sebesar 44,8 ng/?l dan 3,05. Hasil ekstraksi DNA pada rumput raja menunjukkan buffer CTAB lebih baik sementara rumput gajah menggunakan buffer DNAzol relatif lebih tinggi dan lebih murni jika dibandingkan dengan buffer CTAB
Kata kunci : ekstraksi DNA, rumput gajah, rumput raja, CTAB, buffer DNAzol
The research aims to evaluate proportion of X-Y chromosom bearing sperm after sexing of local ram semen with different combination of BSA concentration. The research object was ten ejaculated semen ...of local ram, three years old. The research design used CRD (completely randomize design) with four treatments of BSA concentration combination on upper and bottom layer (T1: 3% & 6%, T2: 4% & 6%, T3: 5% & 10%, and T4: 6% & 12%), and 10 repetitions. Data analysis using analysis variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that combination of BSA concentration was significantly effect on proportion of X-Y chromosome bearing sperm of local ram sperm. The higher average proportion of X- and Y- chromosome bearing sperm was obtained at combination 5% (75.55±1.09% for X) at upper layer and 10% BSA (76.45±1.12% for Y) of bottom layer. The conclusion is that combination of BSA concentration significantly effect on proportion of X-Y chromosome bearing sperm, and concentration of 5% and 10% BSA at upper layer and bottom layer gave the higher proportion of X-Y chromosome bearing sperm of local ram sperm.
Pasundan cattle spread across the West Java region, but their population decreased from 2014 to 2019. Accelerated population increase has been carried out through the artificial insemination (AI) and ...it is hoped can help meet the need for meat. AI program can be accompanied by the application of sperm sexing so it can meet the sex according to purpose. The method of albumin column is sexing method based on morphometric data. The aim of this research was to identify the X and Y crhomosome bearing sperm morphometrically as a basis for sperm sexing in Pasundan cattle semen. This research used frozen semen from seven Pasundan cattle. Sperm morphometric observations were carried out using an Olympus microscope equipped with the DP2-BSW-E application. The parameters observed included the length, width and area of the sperm head and the proportion of X and Y chromosome bearing sperm. Two straws were used from each bull, each straw was counted as 200 sperm, so the number of sperm measured was 400 sperm per bull. The data was analyzed quantitatively descriptively. The results of measurements on seven males showed that the sperm head of Pasundan cattle had a minimum-maximum length of 7.68 - 11.36 µm; width 3.97 - 6.30 µm; sperm head area 31.09 - 51.12 µm2. The percentage 41.00-55.50% for X- and 44.50-59.00% for Y- chromosome bearing sperm, with average 50.25% for X- and 49,75% for Y-chromosome bearing sperm. It was concluded that the X and Y chromosome bearing sperm have balanced natural proportion, so the sperm sexing needs to be done to increase the chances of birth of the sex according to purpose.
Indrijani H, Hilmia N, Anang A, Pangestu MSP. 2024. Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on TLR1A gene as a candidate for immune function of Indonesian indigenous chicken. Biodiversitas 25: ...2434-2441. TLR1A is a candidate gene related to the immune system in chickens, which contributes to disease resilience, which could impact their productivity. This study aimed to determine mutations in the TLR1A gene in three indigenous Indonesian chickens namely, Pelung, Black Kedu and Sentul. A total of 127 DNA samples were used and consisted of 38, 41 and 48 respectively for Pelung, Black Kedu and Sentul chickens. DNA was isolated from white blood cells and amplification of TLR1A gene was conducted in part of exon 4 using PCR with specific primer. The sequencing results for the TLR1A gene were analyzed to identify mutations using the BioEdit and MEGA X programs. The results showed genetic polymorphisms in the TLR1A gene in Indonesian indigenous chicken. One synonymous mutation, g.710C>T, in which amino acid coded leusine at 207th, and four non-synonymous mutation, i.e., g.822A>G, altered amino acids coding from threonine to alanine (T245A), g.835C>T, which altered amino acids coding 249th from threonine to methionine (T249M), g.1015G>A that altered amino acids coding 309th from serine to aspargine (S309N) and g.1165T>G that changed amino acid from arginine to proline R359P. All mutation frequencies for the alleles are lower than those for the non-mutation alleles. The non-synonymous mutation of the TLR1A gene might alter the metabolism of this hormone related to the immune system in chickens.
Performa reproduksi dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas ternak. Performa reproduksi yang efisien diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas sapi perah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ...korelasi antara efisiensi reproduksi dengan produksi susu sapi perah Friesian Holstein di BPPIBTSP Bunikasih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Deskriptif dan Korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korelasi antara efisiensi reproduksi meliputi parameter kawin pertama setelah beranak, jumlah kawin yang menghasilkan kebuntingan, periode kawin, masa kosong, dan jarak melahirkan dengan produksi susu pada laktasi ke-2 berturut-turut 0,07; 0,63; 0,31; 0,29; 0,25 dan pada laktasi ke3 bertutut-turut 0,49; 0,28; 0,51; 0,63; 0,59. Keterkaitan antara status reproduksi dan produksi susu dipengaruhi oleh status fisiologis hormonal dan metabolisme. Hormon yang berperan dalam produksi susu mempunyai hubungan yang berlawanan dengan hormon reproduksi, kemudian sapi perah laktasi yang memiliki produksi susu tinggi berpotensi untuk mengalami keterlambatan birahi karena membutuhkan energi yang sangat banyak dalam proses pembentukan susu, serta adanya hormon prolaktin yang menekan produksi hormon gonadotropin. Nilai korelasi bervarisi serta memiliki kecenderungan berkorelasi ke arah positif, hal ini menjelaskan bahwa ketika produksi susu tinggi akan memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah.
Dudi D, Hilmia N, Khaerunnisa I, Mushawwir A. 2023. DGAT1 gene polymorphism and their association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4202-4208. ...The bovineAcyl-CoA: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is crucial to milk and meat quality in cattle. The K232A DGAT1 mutation was broadly used as a milk and meat quality genetic marker. Pasundan cattle are Indonesian local cattle from West Java. These local cattle have adapted to the tropical environment, environmental factors are not obstructing their development. The DGAT1 gene polymorphism information and their contribution to fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle is very limited. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic polymorphism of the K232A DGAT1 gene and its association with fat deposition and carcass quality in Pasundan cattle population. The gene polymorphisms were identified using PCR, and direct sequencing to discover a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). All sequencing results (ABI trace files) were analyzed in FinchTV, BioEdit, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 6.0. Genotyping was performed on 80 Pasundan cattle. In comparison, Ongole-Grade (n=5), Bali (n=2), Simmental (n=2), Limousin (n=2), Madura (n=2), and Pesisir (n=2) were also used in this study. Their association with fat deposition and carcass quality was evaluated on seven heads of AK genotype and 23 heads of KK genotype. According to the sequencing result, two SNPs were found at g.201G>A and g.202C>A, respectively. The K232A DGAT1 locus was polymorphic in Pasundan cattle population with the K and A allele frequencies of 0.956 and 0.044, respectively. In addition, DGAT1 gene polymorphisms are not associated with back fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, rump area, and intramuscular fat.
Belgian Blue was introduced in Indonesia to increase the biodiversity of livestock genetic resources.  Belgian Blue was crossed with Ongole grade to increase the productivity of local cattle. ...Therefore, this study evaluates reproduction traits, especially the response to superovulation, embryonic development, and quality of Belgian Blue, Ongole grade, and their crosses. Estrous was synchronized with intravaginal progesterone Cue-Mate before artificial insemination (AI). Superovulation was performed with Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) intramuscularly with non-surgical embryo flushing.  In addition, embryo quality was assessed microscopically according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) criteria. The study was performed in a quasi-experimental design, and data were analyzed with an analysis of variance. After superovulation, oocytes/embryos were obtained from all donor breeds. Oocyte and embryo production from Ongole grade and Belgian Blue differed at 11.83±1.91 and 4.86±1.33, respectively, P0.05 (mean±SEM). In addition, there are differences in recovery rate (89.63% vs. 75.35%) and fertilization rate (77.35% vs. 68.22%) between Ongole grade and Belgian Blue, respectively (P0.05). There is no difference in embryo development quality and proportion of transferable embryos between Ongole grade, Belgian Blue, and their crosses. This study concluded that the cross-bred Belgian Blue x Ongole donor had identical oocyte and embryo production, recovery rate, fertilization rate, and degenerative embryos compared to its purebred.
Kosta goat is one of the Indonesian local goats which had the potential to utilize, while their genetics was not yet characterized. Since, a high mutation of Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA), it is widely ...applied to understand species evolutionary, phylogenetic, and characterized population genetics. Whole genome sequencing of Mitochondria DNA has new insight to elucidate genetic characteristic of goat completely. Therefore, this study purposes to explore the whole mitochondrial DNA of the Kosta goat and its relationship with other breeds based on Whole Genome Sequensing (WGS). The Kosta goat mitochondria genome was collected from whole blood, which was enriched using REPLI-g Mitochondrial DNA Kit (Qiagen). Oxford Nanopore Technology was employed in the mtDNA sequencing. The assembled sequence was polished with Racon and Medaka, and was further determined using Quast. Furthermore, Annotation and Visualization were conducted using MitoZ and Mitos Webserver. The sequence mitochondria genome of the Kosta goat has 16,641 bp, consisting of 13 PCGs (Protein Coding Genes), 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA, D_loop region, as well as OL (origin loop) sequences. Also, it has a base composition of 33.57 % for Adenin (A), 27.31 % for Timin (T), 26.04 % for Cytosin (C), and 13.08 % for Guanin (G), with sequential percentages of A>T>C>G. The start codons of PGCs are primarily initiated by ATG, whereas for ND2, ND3, and ND5 by ATA. Specific genetic characteristic of mitogenome Kosta goat has 309 bp length of ND3. Kosta goat belongs to Lineage B, and this follows the study of other Indonesian goats. Complete mitochondrial DNA of Kosta goats can be used to characterize their genetic potential, genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis to support their utilization and conservation.
•Kosta goat is one of Indonesian local goats.•Complete Mitochondrial DNA sequencing is a new insight to elucidate genetic characteristic of Kosta goats.•Complete mitochondrial DNA of Kosta goat may help provide data for further analysis on the mtDNA sequence to support goat genetic research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Hilmia N, Ramdani D, Hidayat R, Widyastuti R, Hernaman I, Dudi, Edianingsih P, Arifin J. 2023. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism R25C and R25H on Leptin gene and their association with body weight and ...measurements of Pasundan cattle. Biodiversitas 24: 6310-6315. The Leptin gene is a potential candidate for genetic selection in livestock. Nonsynonimous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) Arg25Cys/R25C in Leptin gene associated with fat deposition mainly. This study aimed to identify polymorphism of Leptin Gene based on SNPs of Pasundan cattle and their association with body weight and measurements. This research used 64 DNA samples along with the corresponding body weight and measurement data from Pasundan cattle. About 9 and 7 DNA samples from Bali and Ongole cross (PO) cattle respectively, were also collected as comparisons. The DNA along 620 bp was multiplied by PCR. The SNPs in the Leptin gene on exon two were identified, followed by direct sequencing of the PCR product. The sequencing results were analyzed by BioEdit and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 4.0. The General Linear Model analyzed the association between SNPs and body weight and measurements. The results showed there were two nonsynonymous SNP in the Leptin gene on exon two, i.e. g.1047C>T/Arg25Cys/R25C (T allele) that changed amino acid Arginine to Cysteine and g.1048G>A/Arg25His/R25H (A allele) which changed Arginine to Histidine. The frequency of the C allele in the Leptin gene on Pasundan cattle (0.54) was higher than mutation alleles, i.e. T ( 0.29) and A allele (0.17). There were six genotypes: CC (0.266), CT (0.390), CA (0.156), TT, TA, and AA 0.063 respectively. The Leptin gene mutation at the 25th position of amino acids, which changed Arginin to Cystein or Histidin (R25C and R25H), did not affect body weight and measurement in Pasundan Cattle. Therefore, nonsynonymous SNP R25C and R25H could not be used as marker genetic selection in Pasundan cattle.
