Liquid xenon particle detectors rely on excellent light collection efficiency for their performance. This depends on the high reflectivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at the xenon scintillation ...wavelength of 178 nm, but the angular dependence of this reflectivity is not well-understood. IBEX is designed to directly measure the angular distribution of xenon scintillation light reflected off PTFE in liquid xenon. These measurements are fully described by a microphysical reflectivity model with few free parameters. Dependence on PTFE type, surface finish, xenon pressure, and wavelength of incident light is explored. Total internal reflection is observed, which results in the dominance of specular over diffuse reflection and a reflectivity near 100% for high angles of incidence.
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Chronic wounds are a common surgical problem exacerbated by diabetes and ischemia. Although adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown promise as a wound healing therapy, their function and ...proliferation are hindered in diabetes. This study examines the ability of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) secretome to reverse the deleterious effects of high glucose concentrations on ASCs through priming, thereby enhancing their ability to participate in angiogenesis and wound healing.
Institutional review board-approved human ASCs were cultured in M199 medium with or without glucose (30 mmol/L). HUVEC were grown in 30 mmol/L glucose-containing M199 medium; the resulting conditioned medium (HUVEC-CM) was collected every 3 days and used to prime ASCs. An aliquot of HUVEC-CM was heated (85°C for 30 minutes) to produce thermal denaturation of protein. Viability, proliferation, and endothelial differentiation were measured by MTT assays, growth curves, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. A Matrigel assay was used to assess the ability of primed ASCs to participate in capillary-like tube formation. An Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee–approved in vivo murine model of diabetic and ischemic hindlimbs was used to evaluate the angiogenic potential of primed stem cells. Human ASCs were cultured with either control M199 or HUVEC-CM. Mice were randomized to a control group, an unprimed ASC group, or a HUVEC-primed ASC group. Cellular therapies were injected into the ischemic muscle. Thirty days later, slides were made. Microvessels were counted by three blinded observers.
MTT assays revealed that HUVEC-priming induced a 1.5 times increase in cell viability over diabetic controls. This promoting effect was lost with heated HUVEC-CM (P < .001), indicating that the active molecules are of protein origin. After 9 days, ASCs cultured in 30 mmol/L glucose solution showed a 14% reduction in growth from nondiabetic controls (P = .013) and exhibited atrophic morphology. Conversely, diabetic HUVEC-primed stem cells demonstrated a nearly four-fold increase in proliferation (P < .05) and took on a fusiform, endothelial-like phenotype. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated enhanced expression of CD31 messenger RNA by 4.7-fold after 14 days in the HUVEC-primed group, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA messenger RNA was increased 20.1-fold from controls. Unlike unprimed controls, HUVEC-primed ASCs readily formed capillary-like tube networks on Matrigel. Diabetic mice that were injected with HUVEC-primed ASCs demonstrated greater vessel density than both controls (2.1-fold) and unprimed stem cell treatments (P < .001).
HUVECs secrete protein factors that significantly increase proliferation and endothelial differentiation of ASCs under diabetic conditions. Injection of ischemic hindlimbs in diabetic mice with HUVEC-primed ASCs leads to enhanced angiogenesis.
In the current climate of increasing diabetes rates, there exists a significant need for improved therapies for diabetic wounds. ASCs have exhibited improved wound healing in previous studies, but this benefit is known to be suppressed by hyperglycemia. Treating stem cells with the secreted protein cocktail of endothelial cells—secretomal priming—seems to overcome the inhibition of the diabetic state, making ASCs a viable treatment option for these wounds. Priming evidently induces endothelial differentiation of ASCs, thereby enhancing their involvement in angiogenesis. This study demonstrates the potential of these primed ASC-based therapies in vitro and in vivo and proposes several approaches by which they could be used in the clinical setting.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
When providing clinical services for late talkers, determining an appropriate interventionist is a key early decision. Although researchers have noted the effectiveness of parent-implemented ...interventions for some populations, few have specifically addressed late talkers. Late talkers are of considerable interest to early service providers and parents due to limited evidence-based intervention components with this population and the notion that early language deficits are significant risk factors for many disorders. The present study purpose is to describe general features of current research and ascertain intervention providers’ effectiveness. A systematic literature review resulted in eight studies reporting on seven data sets (N = 175 participants). Findings indicate treatment provided by either parents or clinicians can improve late talkers’ communication skills. Parent-implemented intervention emerged as potentially more effective than clinician-directed service provision based on outcome measures of targeted skills following treatment dosage. Factors limiting generalization of these findings should be addressed in future investigations.
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In the field of special education, attrition plays a major role in a persistent teacher shortage problem. Over the past few decades, researchers in general education and special education have ...investigated the various reasons why new teachers leave the field and ways in which they can be better supported to stay in their positions. Despite the increased focus on why new special education teachers leave the field, the knowledge related to teacher attrition in special education is still somewhat limited when compared with the field of general education. For example, previous research has heavily relied on survey research to understand teacher attrition, but these methods may limit some of the important information related to the complexity of why a teacher might leave the field or their job within the first few years. In this study, the authors conduct several Nominal Group Technique (NGT) focus groups to learn more about the perceived needs of new special education teachers. Focus groups are held with three specific groups, preservice special education teachers, new special education teachers, and school administrators to further investigate the potential differences in perceptions about the needs and roles of new special education teachers.
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Utilizing effective data collection methods to track student progress on Individual Education Program (IEP) goals is essential to quality programming and meeting each student's specific needs. This ...study surveyed special education teachers in four midwestern states to understand IEP data collection methods and assessment training. Results indicated that IEP data collection methods varied by state and teaching level (elementary, middle, and high school), with the most frequently reported methods as observation (elementary and middle levels) and grades (high school level). Teachers reported lack of time, resources, and training as barriers to data collection. Recommendations provide specific areas of focus for professional development, educator preparation programs, and mentoring based on the results of this research.
Supplemental data for this article is available online at
https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2021.1980849
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Retrohepatic inferior vena cava (RIVC) injuries are often lethal due to challenges in obtaining hemorrhage control. We hypothesized that packing with a new kaolin-based hemostatic dressing (Control+; ...Z-Medica, Wallingford, CT) would improve hemorrhage control from a penetrating RIVC injury compared with packing with standard laparotomy sponges alone.
Twelve male Yorkshire pigs received a 25% exchange transfusion of blood for refrigerated normal saline to induce a hypothermic coagulopathy. A laparotomy was performed and a standardized 1.5 cm injury to the RIVC was created which was followed by temporary abdominal closure and a period of uncontrolled hemorrhage. When the mean arterial pressure reached 70% of baseline, demonstrating hemorrhagic shock, the abdomen was re-entered, and the injury was treated with perihepatic packing using standard laparotomy sponges (L; n = 6) or a new kaolin-based hemostatic dressing (K; n = 6). Animals were then resuscitated for 6 hours with crystalloid solution. The two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher exact test. A p value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.
There was no difference in the animal's temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and blood loss at baseline or before packing was performed (all p > 0.05). In the laparotomy sponge group, five of six pigs survived the entire study period, whereas all six pigs treated with kaolin-based D2 hemostatic dressings survived. Importantly, there was significantly less blood loss after packing with the new hemostatic kaolin-based dressing compared with packing with laparotomy sponge (651 ± 180 mL vs. 1073 ± 342 mL; p ≤ 0.05).
These results demonstrate that the use of this new hemostatic kaolin-based dressing improved hemorrhage control and significantly decreased blood loss in this penetrating RIVC model.
This is basic science research based on a large animal model, level V.
This 20-year follow-up study examined elementary special educators' use of curriculum-based measurement. Elementary special educators (N = 1,077) in four Midwest states participated in the survey. ...Results indicated that the overall use of CBM was much higher than 20 years ago with reading CBM as the most prevalent area of monitoring with data used primarily for progress monitoring and prereferral. The need for professional development and district leadership in the area of CBM is persistent over the 20-year time frame. In addition, time continues to be reported as a barrier for CBM implementation.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The National Survey of Children’s Health, conducted in 2011-12, reported one in ten school aged children received an ADHD diagnosis, an increase of 42% between 2003 and 2011 (Visser et al., 2013). ...This increase is troubling because ADHD is known to have an adverse impact on behavioral functioning, particularly in school settings, which negatively impact multiple aspects of a student’s life. Common problems include maladaptive social interactions and interpersonal relationships (Litner, 2003; Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2004), lower achievement scores, and higher grade retention and dropout rates when compared to children without disabilities (Birchwood & Daley, 2012; Barkley, 2015). Considering the increasing prevalence and negative impact of this diagnosis, it is imperative that teachers understand the characteristics, treatments, interventions, and implications of this disorder. The purpose of this article is to provide information and guidance to teachers on the academic needs of children and adolescents with ADHD.
Reading comprehension is important for academic success and is a skill required for many activities in school and beyond. This study investigated the effects of the TRAP (Think before you read, Read ...a paragraph, Ask myself, "What was this paragraph mostly about?" and Put it into my own words) paraphrasing strategy taught using the Self-Regulated Strategy Development model. Participants were seven middle school students identified as fluent readers who experienced difficulty with comprehension. All instruction for the participants was in pairs or small groups. Results indicate that the TRAP strategy increased reading comprehension as measured by the percentage of text recall and short-answer questions. Ideas for future research and implications are discussed.
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Reading is an important component of academic success and a skill required for many adult responsibilities. Many strategies exist that claim to increase reading comprehension. However, in contrast to ...foundational reading skills (e.g., vocabulary, fluency, decoding), there is relatively little research that has been done on reading comprehension strategies. This study investigated the use of self-regulated strategy development paired with the “RAP” paraphrasing strategy as a way to increase reading comprehension. Participants were three sixth-grade students from a midwestern state. Results indicate that use of the RAP paraphrasing strategy increased reading comprehension.
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