A new lupane triterpene glycoside, 3α, 11α-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-
O-α-
l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-
d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-
d-glucopyranosyl ester (acantrifoside A), was isolated ...from the leaves of
A. trifoliatus and
A. koreanum (Araliaceae).
A new lupane triterpene glycoside, acantrifoside A, was isolated from the leaves of
Acanthopanax trifoliatus and
A. koreanum. Based on spectroscopic data, the compound was identified as 3α,11α-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 28-
O-α-
l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-
d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-
d-glucopyranosyl ester.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A mathematical model is presented to describe the reduction process of iron ore particles in two stages of twin-fluidized beds (TFBs) connected in series: prereduction and final reduction stages. ...Main features of the model are the inclusion of particle degradation phenomenon to account for its effect on reduction of iron oxides and reduction kinetics for multiparticles having a wide size distribution. It was found that approx90% of overall particle degradation occurs in the prereduction stage mainly due to thermal stress and volume expansion. The reduction degree of particles > 1 mm decreased fast with increasing particle size in both the prereduction and final reduction stages. However, the particles sized between 0.2 and 1 mm showed mild increase in reduction degree, and steep increase for the fines < 0.2 mm. The reduction degree was also gradually decreased with increasing the gas oxidation degree of feed gas in both the prereduction and final reduction stages. It was found that to obtain a desired reduction degree, it is of great importance to control the bed temperature in stage I rather than in stage II. The optimum range of residence time was 15-20 min in the prereduction stage and 30-35 min in the final reduction stage.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
IFN-gamma, a cytokine promoting cell-mediated immunity and antiviral effects, regulates the expression of a large set of genes involved in the immune response. Based on logistic regression, an in ...silico model for predicting IFN-gamma regulated transcription has been developed by scoring the transcription factor binding sites on the putative promoters of regulated versus not regulated genes derived from the microarray data of IFN-gamma treated human macrophages. The model effectively discriminates the transcription factor binding sites that confer responsiveness to IFN-gamma from those that do not. The model has 65% true positive and 22% false positive rates when evaluated on a small validation set. In order to identify potential IFN-gamma regulated genes in the whole genome, the model has been used to screen 13,668 promoter pairs of human-mouse orthologs/homologs from Ensembl, and 1,387 of them were predicted to be potentially regulated by IFN-gamma. In the pilot experiment, the regulation pattern of a subset of predicted genes that were not detected by microarray approach was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The results for the four novel genes, which are up regulated by IFN-gamma in human macrophages and identified by this approach, are described in the present communication.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen causing mild to severe liver disease worldwide and is remarkably efficient at establishing persistent infections. Previously, we have shown that the ...core protein has an immunomodulatory function including the suppression of T lymphocyte responses to viral infection. To investigate the underlying mechanism for the role of core protein in immune modulation, we examined the effect of core on the sensitivity of the human T cell line, Jurkat, to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The transient and stable expression of core protein in Jurkat cells increased the sensitivity of cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis when compared to control cells expressing vector DNA alone. In addition, we demonstrated that the core protein binds to the cytoplasmic domain of Fas which may enhance the downstream signaling event of Fas-mediated apoptosis. The expression of core protein did not alter the cell surface expression of Fas, indicating that the increased sensitivity of core-expressing cells to Fas ligand was not due to upregulation of Fas. Furthermore, we observed the augmentation of caspase-3 activity in core-expressing cells. These results suggest that the core protein may promote the apoptosis of immune cells during HCV infection via the Fas signaling pathway, thus facilitating HCV persistence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been suggested to play an important role in a variety of cellular functions. PLD activity has been shown to be significantly elevated in many tumours and transformed cells, ...suggesting the possibility that PLD might be involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we have established stable cell lines overexpressing PLD1 and PLD2 from fibroblast cells. These cells, but not control cells, showed altered growth properties and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Both PLD1 and PLD2 also induced an up-regulation of the activity of matrix metalloprotease-9 as detected by zymograms. Furthermore, both PLD1 and PLD2 transformants, but not vector-transfectants, induced undifferentiated sarcoma when transplanted into nude mice. Both PLD1- and PLD2-mediated cell cycle distributions in stable cell lines revealed an increased fraction of cells in the S phase compared with control cells. Interestingly, the level of cyclin D3 protein, known as an activator of G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle, was aberrantly high in cells overexpressing PLD1 and PLD2 compared with control cells. These results suggest that overexpression of PLD isozymes may play an important role in neoplastic transformation.
The threshold for systemic viral infection relies on the amplification of virus at a primary infection site. We have identified that class I MHC molecules can trigger the inhibition of replication of ...Sindbis virus in a haplotype- and allele-specific manner. Class I MHC molecules of H-2d haplotypes exhibit a strong inhibitory effect whereas H-2k haplotypes show minimal inhibition of Sindbis viral replication. By a single gene transfection of H-2d class I MHC molecules, into cells that express class I MHC molecules of H-2k haplotype and are susceptible to viral replication, these cells became resistant to viral replication. The inhibition of viral replication by class I MHC molecules occurs neither during the stage of virus entry/endocytosis nor during virus maturation. Rather, viral-specific RNA replication, as well as viral gene expression, are inhibited in cells expressing inhibitory class I MHC molecules. This class I MHC molecule-mediated inhibition requires newly synthesized host gene products, implying the activation of an intracellular signaling mechanism that is triggered by specific class I MHC molecules.
We report the observation of single top-quark production using 3.2 fb(-1) of ppover collision data with sqrts=1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The significance of the ...observed data is 5.0 standard deviations, and the expected sensitivity for standard model production and decay is in excess of 5.9 standard deviations. Assuming m(t) = 175 GeV/c(2), we measure a cross section of 2.3(-0.5);(+0.6)(stat + syst) pb, extract the CKM matrix-element value |V(tb)| = 0.91 + or - 0.11(stat + syst) + or - 0.07(theory), and set the limit |V(tb)| > 0.71 at the 95% C.L.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
To achieve the first plasma of the Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR), the KSTAR superconducting coils were tested in advance. As they should operate in excessively low ...temperature of 4.5 K and high magnetic field environment of 7.5 T, it is crucial to monitor the cryogenic and the structural behaviors of KSTAR device during the commissioning period including a cool-down. The temperatures of the KSTAR toroidal field (TF) coil and the poloidal field (PF) coils were measured during the entire operating period. The mechanical stresses on the TF and PF structures were continuously monitored to check if they go beyond the limiting value calculated through the simulation. The alignment of the KSTAR device was checked by using displacement sensors. The TF coils were successfully supplied with 15 kA DC current for 8 hours, and the maximum 5 kA/s current variation of the PF coils were tested. For the main experiment, the interlock test of the quench detection system for the KSTAR coils was carried out at reduced currents of 1 kA. From these results the quench protection circuit, and the current-flow of the KSTAR superconducting coils proved to be well performed for the first plasma operation.
► The first neutral beam injection (NBI) system equipped with one ion source was developed and successfully commissioned in KSTAR. ► A MW-deuterium neutral beam was successfully injected to the KSTAR ...plasma with maximum beam energy of 95keV. ► L-H transition was observed with neutral beam heating. ► The 300-s long pulse beam extraction was achieved for 1MW neutral beam.
The neutral beam injection (NBI) system was designed to provide plasma heating and current drive for high performance and long pulse operation of the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device using two co-current beam injection systems. Each neutral beam injection system was designed to inject three beams using three ion sources and each ion source has been designed to deliver more than 2.0MW of deuterium neutral beam power for the 100-keV beam energy. Consequently, the final goal of the KSTAR NBI system aims to inject more than 12MW of deuterium beam power with the two NBI for the long pulse operation of the KSTAR. As an initial step toward the long pulse (∼300s) KSTAR NBI system development, the first neutral beam injection system equipped with one ion source was constructed for the KSTAR 2010 campaign and successfully commissioned. During the KSTAR 2010 campaign, a MW-deuterium neutral beam was successfully injected to the KSTAR plasma with maximum beam energy of 90keV and the L-H transition was observed with neutral beam heating. In recent 2011 campaign, the beam power of 1.5MW is injected with the beam energy of 95keV. With the beam injection, the ion and electron temperatures increased significantly, and increase of the toroidal rotation speed of the plasma was observed as well. This paper describes the design, construction, commissioning results of the first NBI system leading the successful heating experiments carried in the KSTAR 2010 and 2011 campaign and the trial of 300-s long pulse beam extraction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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