Blood flow in the arteries is a common example of Casson fluid flow among other novel applications of this fluid model. This model finds application in various transformed delivery system and to ...design new medical devices for cell delivery to the central nervous system. In this study, the physical perspectives on 2D mixed convection flow of magnetized Casson nanofluid over a vertical moving thin needle in the presence of non-linear thermal radiation and heat source/sink effects has been investigated. The astonishing aspects of buoyancy assisting and opposing flow has also be analyzed in this achievement. The Buongiorno fluid model is employed for the impact of nanoparticles. Further, the Joule heating and viscous dissipation terms are incorporated in the energy equation. The Prandtl boundary layer governing equations are enclosed and solved numerically by utilizing Runge–Kutta Fehlberg 5th order (RKF-5) method. The infiltration of diverse material parameters for instance: Brownian motion, thermophoresis diffusion, thermal radiation, mixed convection, Eckert number, needle thickness and chemical reaction on velocity, temperature, concentration, friction factor and heat flux are exemplified qualitatively via graphical approach. Dual (first and second) solutions are examined within a particular range of needle thickness. Output demonstrate that reduction in needle thickness widen the range of dual solutions. It is found that the friction factor and heat transfer rates increases with the expansion of needle thickness. To the best of our knowledge, the problem provide a novel investigate direction and no such articles reported yet in the literature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This communication intends to elaborate the mechanism of heat and mass transport of an unsteady stagnation point flow of Williamson nanofluid past a wedge subject to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), ...thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. In this study, the flow equations with magnetic parameter is incorporated especially in the Williamson fluid flow case. The appropriate transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equation and then solved numerically by using shooting scheme with fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method in MATLAB software. The influence of wedge angle parameter, the local Weissenberg number, unsteadiness parameter, magnetic parameter, suction parameter, the Biot number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter on dimensionless velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration fields as well as skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are rigorously demonstrated and discussed. This study also elaborates the critical range of velocity ratio parameter and suction parameter, for the existence of dual branch of solutions. The obtained results show that Biot number enhances the fluid temperature and concentration. Further, the suction parameter is an increasing function of rate of heat transfer. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the upper branch solution is stable and physically possible.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An enhancement in the thermal conductivity of conventional base fluids has been a topic of great concern in recent years. An effective way to improve the heat transfer rate of conventional base ...fluids is the suspension of solid nanoparticles. In this framework, a theoretical study is performed to analyse the heat and mass transfer performance in the time-dependent flow of non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid towards a stretching surface. There exist several studies focusing on the flow of Williamson fluid by assuming zero infinite shear rate viscosity. Nonetheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding mathematical formulation for two-dimensional flow of the Williamson fluid by taking into account the impacts of infinite shear rate viscosity. In the current review, the Buongiorno model for nanofluids associated with Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion is employed to describe the heat transfer performance of nanofluids. The thermal system is composed of flow velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration fields, respectively. The governing dimensionless equations are solved numerically by Runge–Kutta Fehlberg integration method. The numerical results are compared with published results and are found to have an excellent agreement. Effects of numerous dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration field together with the skin friction coefficient and rates of heat and mass transfer are presented with the assistance of graphical and tabular illustrations. With this analysis, we reached that the thermal boundary layer thickness as well as the nanofluids temperature has higher values with increase in thermophoresis and Brownian motion. It is further observed that the rate of heat transfer is significantly raised with an increment in Prandtl number and unsteadiness parameter.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Drought stress is a severe environmental constraint among the emerging problems. Plants are highly vulnerable to drought stress and a severe decrease in yield was recorded in the last few decades. ...So, it is highly desirable to understand the mechanism of drought tolerance in plants and consequently enhance the tolerance against drought stress. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in regulating various phenomenons in plants to acclimatize to varying drought environment. Abscisic acid (ABA) is considered the main hormone which intensifies drought tolerance in plants through various morpho-physiological and molecular processes including stomata regulation, root development, and initiation of ABA-dependent pathway. In addition, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) ethylene (ET), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are also very important phytohormones to congregate the challenges of drought stress. However, these hormones are usually cross talk with each other to increase the survival of plants in drought conditions. On the other hand, the transgenic approach is currently the most accepted technique to engineer the genes responsible for the synthesis of phytohormones in drought stress response. Our present review highlights the regulatory circuits of phytohormones in drought tolerance mechanism.
Climate change contributes to drought stress and subsequently affects crop growth, development, and yield. The microbial community, such as fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere, is of special ...importance to plant productivity. In this study, soil collected from a cotton research field was used to grow cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Jin668) under controlled environment conditions. Drought stress was applied at flowering stage, while control plants were regularly watered. At the same time, the soil without plants was also subjected to drought, while control pots were regularly watered. The soil was collected in sterilized tubes and microbial DNA was isolated and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was carried out. The alpha diversity of bacteria community significantly increased in the soil with cotton plants compared to the soil without cotton plants. Taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community structure of the cotton rhizosphere predominantly consisted of the phyla Proteobacteria (31.7%), Actinobacteria (29.6%), Gemmatimonadetes (9.8%), Chloroflexi (9%), Cyanobacteria (5.6%), and Acidobacteria. In the drought-treated rhizosphere, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant phyla. This study reveals that the cotton rhizosphere has a rich pool of bacterial communities even under drought stress, and which may improve drought tolerance in plants. These data will underpin future improvement of drought tolerance of cotton via the soil microbial community.
Abstract
In this study, a mathematical model is developed to scrutinize the transient magnetic flow of Cross nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects. Binary chemical ...reactions and heat source/sink effects along with convective boundary condition are also taken into the consideration. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform partial differential equations (PDE’s) into ordinary ones and then numerically tackled by shooting method. The impacts of different emerging parameters on the thermal, concentration, velocity, and micro-rotation profiles are incorporated and discussed in detail by means of graphs. Results reveal that, the escalation in magnetic parameter and Rayleigh number slowdowns the velocity and momentum of the fluid. The increase in Biot number, radiation and heat sink/source parameters upsurges the thermal boundary but, converse trend is seen for escalating Prandtl number. The density number of motile microorganisms acts as a growing function of bioconvection Lewis number and declining function of bioconvection Peclet number.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Climate change is a crucial issue among the serious emerging problems which got a global attention in the last few decades. With the climate change, worldwide crop production has been seriously ...affected by drought stress. In this regard, various technologies including traditional breeding and genetic engineering are used to cope with drought stress. However, the interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria emerged as an interesting era of knowledge that can be used for novel agriculture practices. Endophytic bacteria which survive within plant tissues are among the most appropriate technologies improving plant growth and yield under drought conditions. These endophytic bacteria live within plant tissues and release various phytochemicals that assist plant to withstand in harsh environmental conditions, i.e., drought stress. Their plant growth–promoting characteristics include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, mineral uptake, and the production of siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and various phytohormones. These plant growth promoting characteristics of endophytic bacteria improve root length and density, which lead to the enhance drought tolerance. In addition, plant–endophytic bacteria assist plant to withstand against drought stress by producing drought-tolerant substances, for instance, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, ACC deaminase, and various volatile compounds. Indirectly, endophytic bacteria also improve osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and antioxidant activity of inoculated plants. Altogether, these bacterial-mediated drought tolerance and plant growth–promoting processes continue even under severe drought conditions which lead to enhanced plant growth promotion and yield. The present review highlights a natural and environment-friendly strategy in the form of drought-tolerant and plant growth–promoting endophytic bacteria to improve drought tolerance in plants.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High ...temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we introduce the two‐dimensional short‐time quaternion offset linear canonical transform (ST‐QOLCT), which is a generalization of the classical short‐time offset linear canonical ...transform (ST‐OLCT) in quaternion algebra setting. Several useful properties of the ST‐QOLCT are obtained from the properties of the ST‐QOLCT kernel. Based on the properties of the ST‐QOLCT and the convolution and correlation operators associated with QOLCT, we derive convolution and correlation theorems for the ST‐QOLCT. Finally, some potential applications of the ST‐QOLCT are introduced.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The primary objective of this article is on examining the impacts of mixed convection flow of Carreau fluid past a permeable stretched surface with Soret and Dufour effects occurring. For the flow ...analysis, the Darcy–Forchheimer porosity medium is taken into account. In order to explore the transference analysis of heat and mass rate, the impressions of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat generation, Arrhenius activation energy, convective heat, and mass conditions impacts are taken into consideration. The flow equations initially exist as PDEs, and we then employ appropriate similarity transformations to change them into ODEs. The R–K 4th order strategy based on the shooting approach is used to numerically solve these ODEs. Through various emergent variables, the numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are shown. For a variety of distinct variables, the physical quantities such as friction factor, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood numbers are shown. It is noted that the velocity field is reduced by the magnetic field, but the Weissenberg number buoyancy ratio parameter exhibits the opposite tendency. Further, it is noticed that temperature and concentration distributions have an improving tendency for the Soret and Dufour parameter.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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