In women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who had previously received HER2-targeted therapy, tucatinib, a new selective inhibitor of the HER2 tyrosine kinase, was added to trastuzumab and ...capecitabine and compared with trastuzumab and capecitabine plus placebo. Progression-free survival at 1 year was 33% with tucatinib and 12% with placebo.
O experimento foi montado na Fazenda Capim II, situada na Cidade de Capim, PB, com o objetivo de se avaliar os índices de crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular da variedade SP 79 1011 de ...cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.), em regime irrigado e de sequeiro. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, com três repetições, sendo realizadas seis amostragens de plantas e analisados os componentes da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. A taxa máxima de acúmulo de fitomassa foi de 0,7169 g dia-1 para a cana irrigada e de 0,6974 g dia-1 para a cana em regime de sequeiro. O máximo Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) foi 6,82, observado em torno dos 152 DAP em condições de irrigação; para a condição de sequeiro o IAF máximo foi de 6,80 aos 157 dias após o plantio. No final do período de cultivo, mais de 90 e de 80% da fitomassa de raízes se concentraram nos primeiros 60 cm de profundidade, nas áreas irrigadas e de sequeiro, respectivamente. 76% da fitomassa da raiz foram encontrados nos primeiros 45 cm de profundidade. O sistema de irrigação pode ser dimensionado tomando-se por base a profundidade de 60 cm.
The experiment was conducted in the Capim II Farm, in the Capim municipality of Paraiba, with the objective of evaluating the growth indices of the aerial parts and the root system of variety SP 79 1011 of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The statistical design adapted was a randomized blocks, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with three replications, being six plants samplings made and the components of aerial part and root system analyzed. The dry mass accumulation maximum rate was 0.7169 g d-1 for irrigated sugar cane and 0.6974 g d-1 for sugar cane without irrigation. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI) was 6.82, observed around 152 days after planting (DAP) under irrigation; the LAI maximum without irrigation was 6.80 at 157 DAP. More than 90 and of 80% of root dry mass concentrated in the first 60 cm of depth, respectively, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Around 76% of root dry mass was found in the first 45 cm of depth. The irrigation system can be designed taking as a base the depth of 60 cm.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de desenvolver um modelo para prever as concentrações de ozônio em função das variáveis climáticas. As medidas de concentração do ozônio foram realizadas na Universidade ...Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, utilizando dados do período de janeiro a dezembro de 2014. As variáveis preditoras referentes ao clima (umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, chuva, aeerossóis, índice de claridade, radiação solar global e temperatura) foram cedidas pela CEMTEC-Campo Grande-MS. Foram realizadas análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de regressão linear múltipla (MLR) aplicadas a estas séries temporais. As principais relações observadas nestas análises foram então usadas para obter uma equação de regressão que liga as concentrações de ozônio diurnas com parâmetros climáticos. O modelo desenvolvido é capaz de explicar 99% da variabilidade nas concentrações de ozônio de superfície com um erro de 0,2%?
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sex hormones regulate many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma. As adults, asthma prevalence is 2-fold greater in women compared to men. The number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells ...(ILC2) is increased in patients with asthma, and we investigate how testosterone attenuates ILC2 function. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, we determine that women have an increased number of circulating ILC2 compared to men. ILC2 from adult female mice have increased IL-2-mediated ILC2 proliferation versus ILC2 from adult male mice, as well as pre-pubescent females and males. Further, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a hormone downstream of testosterone, decreases lung ILC2 numbers and IL-5 and IL-13 expression from ILC2. In vivo, testosterone attenuated Alternaria-extract-induced IL-5+ and IL-13+ ILC2 numbers and lung eosinophils by intrinsically decreasing lung ILC2 numbers, as well as by decreasing expression of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), ILC2-stimulating cytokines. Collectively, these findings provide a foundational understanding of sexual dimorphism in ILC2 function.
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•The number of ILC2 is increased in women with asthma compared to men with asthma•Sex hormones regulate IL-2-dependent ILC2 proliferation and cytokine expression•Testosterone intrinsically and extrinsically attenuates ILC2 airway inflammation
Women have higher asthma prevalence compared to men, and ILC2 are increased in patients with asthma. Cephus et al. show that women with asthma have higher circulating ILC2 numbers compared to men with asthma. Testosterone negatively regulates ILC2 proliferation and cytokine expression, as well as ILC2-mediated allergic airway inflammation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin and vitamin K antagonists is the current standard of care (SOC) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and prevention. Although novel oral ...anti-coagulants (NOACs) have been compared with SOC in this indication, no head-to-head randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have directly compared NOACs. A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of NOACs for the initial and long-term treatment of VTE.
Electronic databases (accessed July 2014) were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban versus SOC. Eligible patients included adults with an objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) or both. A fixed-effect Bayesian NMA was conducted for outcomes of interest, and results were presented as relative risks (RR) and 95% credible intervals (Crl).
Six Phase III RCTs met criteria for inclusion: apixaban (one RCT; n = 5,395); rivaroxaban (two RCTs; n = 3,423/4,832); dabigatran (two RCTs; n = 2,539/2,568); edoxaban (one RCT; n = 8,240). There were no statistically significant differences between the NOACs with regard to the risk of 'VTE and VTE-related death. Apixaban treatment was associated with the most favourable safety profile of the NOACs, showing a statistically significantly reduced risk of 'major or clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleed' compared with rivaroxaban (0.47 0.36, 0.61), dabigatran (0.69 0.51, 0.94), and edoxaban (0.54 0.41, 0.69). Dabigatran was also associated with a significantly lower risk of 'major or CRNM bleed' compared with rivaroxaban (0.68 0.53, 0.87) and edoxaban (0.77 0.60, 0.99).
Indirect comparisons showed statistically similar reductions in the risk of 'VTE or VTE-related death for all NOACs. In contrast, reductions in 'major or CRNM bleed' for initial/long-term treatment were significantly better with apixaban compared with all other NOACs, and with dabigatran compared with rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Results from the current analysis indicate that the NOACs offer clinical benefit over conventional therapy while highlighting relative differences in their bleeding profile.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•In order to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date.•There is a need for experiments, observations, and models which capture ...both eutrophication and a changing climate.•There are also emerging species of concern, e.g. benthic cyanobacteria, which require more detailed study.
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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