•A engineering green TiO2/Ni-MOF-based superhydrophobic sponge was firstly fabricated.•Silane groups of ODSOSS cages endowed MOF-based sponge with superhydrophobic properties.•The coatings can ...achieve in-situ adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of pesticides.•The coated sponge can selectively and synchronously remove MPs and pesticides from high-salinity water.•The coatings have excellent absorption recyclability and salt tolerance.
Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides are becoming an intractable environmental issue due to their wide spreading and non-degradable nature, posing serious threat to ecosystem and human health. To settle such dilemma, this work reasonably designed a superhydrophobic MOF-based coated sponge (ODSOSS/TiO2/Ni-MOF/PDA@Sponge) through the combination of an environmentally friendly in-situ supersaturated coprecipitation and polysesiloxane modification method. Among them, (I) the introduction of polydopamine (PDA) not only improves the adhesion between coatings and sponge, but also enhances the growth of MOF structure through complexation. (II) The obtained Ni-MOF shows large-area microscale anthemy structure with multilayered flaky texture, forming heterogeneously hierarchical structure with the deposited TiO2 nanoparticles, which promotes photodegradation ability of TiO2 owing to great specific surface area of Ni-MOF. (III) The high specific large area Ni-MOF supplies sufficient action sites for linkage of PDA and polysesiloxane molecules with unique nanocage-like structure, thus further greatly increasing adsorption force for various pollutants. (IV) The superhydrophobicity protect the porous channels of MOF from contamination of various absorbed pollutants, while TiO2 nanoparticles effectively photodegrade the absorbed organic pollutants, endowing the sponge superior recyclability. The superhydrophobic sponge selectively rapidly and synchronously adsorbs various MPs (maintained almost 100% after 60 cycles) and pesticides (adsorption rates 71.6%–95.1%) from high-salinity water. The large-area sponge (9 cm × 6 cm × 1 cm) simultaneously removes almost 100% MPs (40 mg/L), Sudan Ⅲ (10 mg/L), kerosene (30 mL/L), and four pesticides (10 mg/L) within 1 min. Particularly, four pesticides are quickly photocatalytic degraded by the coated sponge. The free radical capture trials show that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the main active species of pesticide degradation. Furthermore, we reveal the negative centers where pesticide molecules are most vulnerable to ·OH attack, on basis of the charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. The adsorption mechanisms are carefully clarified through theoretical calculation and experimental data. This work not only provide an effective superhydrophobic candidate for MPs and pesticides removal in a broad applicable scope (especially in high-salinity wastewater), but also opens a new strategy for environmental remediation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is urgent to develop effective materials to decontaminate wastewater owing to water scarcity in the whole world. In this study, we successfully fabricated a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic ...MOFs/LDHs based-functional sponge (OMCTS/ZIF-67/CuCo-LDHs@Sponge) with large specific surface area and high porosity for the first time through a two-step co-precipitation method and surface modification of polysiloxane. The polydopamine (PDA) molecules not only greatly improved the adhesion between coatings and substrate, but also enhanced growth of MOFs and LDHs structure. The in-situ growth of hexahedron ZIF-67 particles on multiple layered CuCo-LDHs sphere formed heterojunction, which significantly increased adsorption sites, specific area, and porosity and also solved the aggregation problem of powder MOFs. The CuCo-LDHs with large surface area was beneficial to ZIF-67 growth owing to same Co2+connection. The developed superhydrophobic sponge not only quickly and selectively absorbed various microplastics (MPs, as high as 500 mg/mL), dyes (C0 = 40 mg/L, removal rate of 99.6 %), and emulsified oils from high-salinity water with high capacity (e.g. 85 mg/g for PP-2000, 94 mg/g for PS-100, and 93 mg/g for PE-2000), but also exhibited outstanding synchronous decontamination capability for coexisting pollutants through multi-molecular synergistic mechanism and multiple adsorption forces (grasping force, strong capillarity, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, p-π conjugation interaction. Van der Waals forces). The coated sponge showed superior mechanical durability, which still maintained separation ability above 98 % after repeated adsorption of MPs for 40 cycles. The adsorption mechanism was detailly investigated through theoretical simulation of adsorption energy. This coated sponge was destined to show broad and useful applications in water purification field.
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•A robust MOFs/LDHs hybrid-based superhydrophobic sponge was fabricated.•In-situ growth of ZIF-67 on CuCo-LDHs significantly increases adsorption sites, specific area, and porosity.•Synergism of each component greatly enhanced absorption capability and cyclicity.•The coated sponge efficiently absorb various MPs with high capacity.•The coated sponge achieved speedy decontamination wastewater property.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Oil spills and micropollutants have become thorny environmental issues, posing serious threat to ecosystem and human health. To settle such dilemma, this study successfully constructed a robust and ...environmentally-friendly MOFs-COFs hybrid-based membrane (FS-50/COF(MATPA)-MOF(Zr)/PDA@PVDF) for the first time through solution synthesis and solvothermal method, combined with surface modification of FS-50 molecule. Importantly, we employed a simple two-step strategy to obtain the high-aspect-ratio MOFs fibers: (1) solvent regulation to generate smaller needle-like whiskers during the in-situ growth of MOFs on COFs; (2) high pressure induced directional crystallization in filtration process. The introduction of polydopamine (PDA) greatly improved the adhesion between coating and PVDF membrane. The in-situ growth of high length-diameter ratio MOFs fibers on blocky COFs greatly enhanced the specific surface area of MOFs-COFs hybrid, thus provided sufficient absorption sites. The functional groups of FS-50 endowed the hybrid membrane with superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity, which facilitated to selectively penetrate water molecules and repel non-polar pollutants. The separation efficiency and decontamination mechanism of hybrid membrane to the simulated oily wastewater (containing various MPs, dyes, and pesticides) were investigated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The hybrid membrane could selectively and synchronously adsorb various dyes (20 mg/L–120 mg/L, almost 100% removal) and pesticides (10 mg/L for DIF and TET, adsorption rates 93.2% and 90.9%, respectively) from oil-water emulsion (50 mL). The large-scale coated sponge (6 cm × 4.5 cm × 3 cm) could quickly achieve separation of oil-water mixture (almost 100%) with a water permeability of more than 162 L m−2·h−1·bar−1, and simultaneously remove various MPs (PP-2000, PP-100, PE-2000, PS-100, 0.2 g/300 mL for each), Sudan Ⅲ (C0 = 200 mg/L), and DIF (C0 = 10 mg/L) from a simulant oily wastewater (300 mL), with the removal rates of almost 100% for MPs, 99.7% for Sudan Ⅲ, and 95.8% for DIF. Furthermore, we elucidated the removal mechanism of pesticide and dyes through simulating the theoretical adsorption energy and potential adsorption sites. The hybrid membrane not only provides a promising candidate for the removal of multiple pollutants from oil-water emulsion, but also opens a new strategy for achieving efficient and clean aquatic environment restoration.
•We obtained high aspect ratio MOFs by solvent regulation and high-pressure induction.•Large specific surface area MOFs-COFs heterogenous hybrid was synthesized via in-situ growth.•The superhydrophilic and superoleophobic membrane was firstly fabricated.•The membrane achieved efficient emulsion separation and synchronous decontamination.•The membrane had excellent recyclability, absorption selectivity, and self-cleaning ability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metal organic framework (MOF)-derivatives have a larger specific surface area, higher porosity, tunable pore size, higher conductivity, good stability, more exposed active species, etc., but few ...literature are reported about their application potential in micropollutant separation and removal. In view of this, a robust MOF derivative-based photocatalytic superhydrophobic membrane (D6/TiO2/MoS2/NiCo-NC/PVDF) was successfully fabricated for the first time through solvothermal synthesis and chemical modification, combined with a negative pressure-assisted loading approach. (1) The MoS2-doping strategy effectively avoided the collapse and coarsening of cauliflower-like MOFs during the calcination phase and simultaneously ensured the uniform distribution of metal particles in MOF-derived carbons. (2) The synergistic catalysis of the NiCo-MOF derivative, MoS2, and TiO2 enhanced the transfer efficiency of electrons and free radicals, achieving efficient in situ degradation of pesticides and pharmaceutical and personal care products. (3) The introduction of sodium alginate greatly improved the adhesion between the coating and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and simultaneously enhanced the growth of MOFs through complexation. (4) The cauliflower-like MOF-derived carbon skeleton with higher surface areas and micronanoporosity combined with a heterogeneous MoS2 structure provided a large specific surface area and enough adsorption sites for various pollutants. High thermal calcination treatment greatly enhanced MOF growth rate, thus resulting in a flaky structure with high regularity and a large specific area. (5) The ultralow surface energy of interlaced siloxane molecules endowed the hybrid membrane with robust superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, always maintaining superhydrophobicity after long-time photodegradation. The final membrane achieved continuous emulsion separation and a photocatalytic self-cleaning property. The separation efficiency of the hybrid membrane for emulsions was still up to 97% after reuse for 120 cycles, and it could degrade 86.5% PRO, 90.1% ACE, 92.1% ASP, and 94.3% SMZ, respectively, with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The driving forces for oil–water separation and decontamination of the D6/TiO2/MoS2/NiCo-NC/PVDF membrane mainly involved the grasping forces of dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, capillary force of inner pores, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction, partial p-π conjugation, van der Waals force, and lipophilicity.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Stochastic control problems with delay are challenging due to the path-dependent feature of the system and thus its intrinsic high dimensions. In this paper, we propose and systematically study deep ...neural network-based algorithms to solve stochastic control problems with delay features. Specifically, we employ neural networks for sequence modeling (e.g., recurrent neural networks such as long short-term memory) to parameterize the policy and optimize the objective function. The proposed algorithms are tested on three benchmark examples: a linear-quadratic problem, optimal consumption with fixed finite delay, and portfolio optimization with complete memory. Particularly, we notice that the architecture of recurrent neural networks naturally captures the path-dependent feature with much flexibility and yields better performance with more efficient and stable training of the network compared to feedforward networks. The superiority is even evident in the case of portfolio optimization with complete memory, which features infinite delay.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper concerns the convergence of empirical measures in high dimensions. We propose a new class of probability metrics and show that under such metrics, the convergence is free of the curse of ...dimensionality (CoD). Such a feature is critical for high-dimensional analysis and stands in contrast to classical metrics (e.g., the Wasserstein metric). The proposed metrics fall into the category of integral probability metrics, for which we specify criteria of test function spaces to guarantee the property of being free of CoD. Examples of the selected test function spaces include the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, Barron space, and flow-induced function spaces. Three applications of the proposed metrics are presented: 1. The convergence of empirical measure in the case of random variables; 2. The convergence of n-particle system to the solution to McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equation; 3. The construction of an ɛ-Nash equilibrium for a homogeneous n-player game by its mean-field limit. As a byproduct, we prove that, given a distribution close to the target distribution measured by our metric and a certain representation of the target distribution, we can generate a distribution close to the target one in terms of the Wasserstein metric and relative entropy. Overall, we show that the proposed class of metrics is a powerful tool to analyze the convergence of empirical measures in high dimensions without CoD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Stochastic modeling is widely employed to characterize uncertainty propagation in fluctuating wearable antenna systems. A major challenge that hinders the convergence of stochastic models is the ...multilevel random effects on antenna's far-field caused by random disturbances, which exacerbate the already difficult inherent issue tied to high dimensionality and nonlinearity. This paper proposes to separately model the " global " random effect depending mainly on frequency, and the " fine " random effect depending mainly on antenna's directional characteristics. The "decoupling" of global and fine effects is obtained by separately modeling the reflection coefficient S 11 and a newly defined "desensitized" far-field, which is insensitive to detuning (or mismatch) phenomena. A "centering" technique based on cross-correlation is used to reduce the sensibility of S 11 to the randomness. The whole strategy significantly accelerates the convergence of the modeling process, resulting in a "bi-level" surrogate model that exhibits enhanced robustness and accuracy. Comparative tests on a flexible textile patch antenna demonstrate that the proposed technique can reduce modeling costs by 57% while maintaining the same level of model accuracy. The proposed solution could expand the application of stochastic modeling to a broader spectrum of antenna characterization and optimization.
In this study, we examined the protective effects of curcumin against the AFB1-induced immune response of and pathological changes in broilers. Histopathology examinations showed that at day 28, AFB1 ...(5 mg/kg) exposure leads to severe histological changes in the spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius with a decrease in the number and karyoplasmic area ratio of plasma cells. Curcumin alleviated the AFB1-induced immune organs’ damage as well as the changes in plasma cells in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR data showed that AFB1 significantly downregulated the IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels in the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius. However, curcumin supplementation improved the AFB1-induced immune organs’ damage via upregulated cytokines’ expression. Intriguingly, similar trends were noticed in abnormal morphological changes and the immune response at day 35 after the withdrawal of AFB1 and curcumin from the diet, suggesting the protective effects and immunomodulatory function against AFB1 in broilers. The current study provides a scientific experimental basis for the application of curcumin as a therapeutic drug or additive in animal husbandry productive practice.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Real-time Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) prediction is crucial for reliable and economic operation of Concentrated photothermal Solar Power (CSP) system in arid desert areas. However, the stochastic ...characteristics of short-term multidimensional meteorological time series make intra-hour DNI prediction a challenging task. In this study, we have proposed a deep learning model called TLD, which is combined with topological features captured by Topology Data Analysis (TDA) and temporal features captured by LSTM to address this challenge. Experimental results demonstrated that TLD outperformed the five latest models (Ridge, RF, C_GRU, BiLSTM, and GBRT) on seven solar radiation datasets in arid desert areas. Further analysis revealed that the proportion of cloudy days is a key factor affecting the model's performance. To enhance the forecast ability of TLD, we developed a physics-informed hybrid model named TLDP based on TLD and a smart persistence model, which fully combines the DNI prediction ability of TLD under cloudy conditions and that of the smart persistence model under sunny conditions. Experimental results of eight datasets collected from real-world solar photothermal power stations indicated that TLDP outperformed existing models, which may lay a foundation for more economical and stable operation of CSP plants in arid desert areas.
•A physics-driven deep learning model (TLD) is proposed for intra-hour DNI prediction.•Stochastic features captured by TDA are firstly used to improve DNI prediction effect.•TLD has been found to enhance DNI prediction accuracy under cloudy condition.•A hybrid model is proposed to improve TLD's prediction under different conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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