Nano-MnFe
2
O
4
powders were synthesized by detonation of specially prepared emulsion explosives. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the ...as-prepared powders. The results indicated that relatively finely dispersed spherical powders were obtained when the content of RDX in the emulsion explosives was 9.18 wt. %. A certain content of internal-phase ammonium nitrate was not only favorable to control the ingredients of the detonation products, but also advantageous to stabilize the detonation structure of the emulsion explosive according to differential thermogravimetry experimental results.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Ultrasonic assisted method is an effective method to prepare nanomaterials,which can improve their magnetic and optical properties. Described in this paper,GdPO sub(4): Ce,Tb ternary system ...fluorescent powder was synthesized under different p H conditions by ultrasonic-assisted. Optical and structural properties of the fluorescent powder were determined by X-ray Powder Diffraction( XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy( FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscopy( SEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy( TEM) and Photoluminesce( PL). The following conclusions are drawn:( 1) When p H = 1,synthetic samples are 15 nm x 104 nm hexagonalnanobars like orthophosphate,green phosphor. Cystals prefer growing at the face of( 102) and( 200). When p H < 1,no samples can be synthesized,whereas granular orthophosphate green phosphors were synthesized when p H > 1.( 2) A possible formation mechanism has been put forward,which provided further evidence for the fluorescent efficiency enhancement. Because the 5d energy states of Ce
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•CO2 recycle assistance with COG to CH3OH with dry reforming is proposed.•New process with dry reforming improves H2 utilization and energy saving.•Process with H2 separation (CWHS) is more ...preferable to CH3OH output.•CWHS shows an excellent performance in energy, economy and CO2 emission reduction.
A process of CO2 recycle to supply carbon for assisting with coke oven gas to methanol process is proposed to realize clean and efficient coke oven gas utilization. Two CO2 recycle schemes with respect to coke oven gas, namely with and without H2 separation before reforming, are developed. It is revealed that the process with H2 separation is more beneficial to element and energy efficiency improvement, and it also presents a better techno-economic performance in comparison with the conventional coke oven gas to methanol process. The exergy efficiency, direct CO2 emission, and internal rate of return of the process with H2 separation are 73.9%, 0.69t/t-methanol, and 35.1%, respectively. This excellent performance implies that reforming technology selection, H2 utilization efficiency, and CO2 recycle ways have important influences on the performance of the coke oven gas to methanol process. The findings of this study represent significant progress for future improvements of the coke oven gas to methanol process, especially CO2 conversion integrated with coke oven gas utilization in the coking industry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most prevalent mental retardations. It is mainly caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA binding protein and can ...regulate the translation of its binding RNA, thus regulate several signaling pathways. Many FXS patients show high susceptibility to epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder which is characterized by the recurrent appearance of spontaneous seizures due to neuronal hyperactivity in the brain. Both the abnormal activation of several signaling pathway and morphological abnormality that are caused by the loss of FMRP can lead to a high susceptibility to epilepsy. Combining with the research progresses on both FXS and epilepsy, we outlined the possible mechanisms of high susceptibility to epilepsy in FXS and tried to give a prospect on the future research on the mechanism of epilepsy that happened in other mental retardations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the 1970s, with the advent of biochemical multichannel screening in the United States and other western countries, the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism （PHPT） changed from a ...symptomatic to an asymptomatic disorder. However, in Asian countries, like China, PHPT did not show this evolution, but rather continued to be a symptomatic disease with target organ involvement. In this paper, we revisit the clinical features of PHPT in New York and Shanghai, representative United States and Chinese cites, over the past decade. The questions we address are whether the disease evolved in China to a more asymptomatic one and, whether in the United States further changes are evident. The results indicate that while PHPT con- tinues to present primarily as an asymptomatic disease in the United States, a new phenotype characterized by normal serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels, normocalcemic PHPT, has emerged. Data from Shanghai demonstrates a trend for PHPT to present more commonly as an asymptomatic disorder in China. However, most patients with PHPT in China still manifest classical symptoms, i.e. nephrolithiasis and fractures. A comparison of the two cohorts shows that Chinese patients with PHPT are younger, with higher serum calcium and PTH levels, and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than patients in New York. Normocalcemic PHPT has not yet been recognized in Shanghai. In summary, although the phenotypes of PHPT in both cities are evolving towards less evident disease, sharp clinical and biochemical differences are still apparent in PHPT as expressed in China and the United States.
Background： Shensong Yangxin （SSYX）, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has long been used clinically to treat arrhythmias in China. However, the mechanism of SSYX on atrial fibrillation （AF） is ...unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the effect of SSYX on the progression of paroxysmal AF is correlated with the regulation of autonomic nerve activity. Methods： Eighteen mongrel dogs were randomly divided into control group （n = 6）, pacing group （n = 6）, and pacing ＋ SSYX group （n = 6）. The control group was implanted with pacemakers without pacing; the pacing group was implanted with pacemakers with long-term intermittent atrial pacing; the pacing ＋ SSYX group underwent long-term intermittent atrial pacing and SSYX oral administration. Results： Compared to the pacing group, the parameters of heart rate variability were lower after 8 weeks in the pacing ＋ SSYX group （low-frequency LF component： 20.85± 3.14 vs. 15.3±1.89 ms2, P =0.004; LF component/high-frequency component： 1.34 ± 0.33 vs. 0.77± 0.15, P 〈 0.001 ）. The atrial effective refractory period （AERP） was shorter and the dispersion of the AERP was higher after 8 weeks in the pacing group, while the changes were suppressed by SSYX intake. The dogs in the pacing group had more episodes and longer durations of AF than that in the pacing ＋ SSYX group. SSYX markedly inhibited the increase in sympathetic nerves and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in the pacing ＋ SSYX group. Furthermore, SSYX suppressed the decrease of acetylcholine and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein induced by long-term intermittent atrial pacing. Conclusions： SSYX substantially prevents atrial electrical remodeling and the progression of AF. These effects of SSYX may have association with regulating the imbalance of autonomic nerve activity and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
Polygeneration energy systems have been widely accepted because of their superiority over conventional stand-alone plants in energy efficiency and emissions control. Coal-based polygeneration system, ...especially producing methanol and electricity, will play an important role in Chinese sustainable developing energy system. Researches indicate that the parallel polygeneration system producing methanol and electricity with CO-riched gas once through (PCGOT) has higher comprehensive profitability and higher reliability, but the systemic and objective evaluation to PCGOT is lacking. In this paper, the matrix mode exergoeconomic method is adopted to analyze the PCGOT. Some indices, such as exergy cost coefficient, unit exergoeconomic cost, cost difference and exergoeconomic coefficient, etc. are calculated and analyzed by using exergoeconomics theory. Based on the analysis, the direction for further improvement is pointed out, and the energy flows with different qualities in different parts of system are given the rationally fixed prices. The calculated electricity cost is 0.22RMB/ (kW•h) and methanol cost 1118RMB/t while coal price is 500 RMB/t. In addition, the coal price sensitivity analysis is conducted, the results show that when the coal price reaches 800RMB/t, the electricity cost is higher than Shanxi province average on-grid power tariff 0.304RMB/ (kW•h) in 2011, when the coal price reaches 1000RMB/t, the methanol cost is higher than methanol factory prices 2000RMB/t at present.
Benzyl protecting protocol was first employed in two routes for the concise synthesis of dopexamine dihydrochloride.This protecting group could be cleanly removed under mild condition and no ...unacceptable ion was brought to the final product.The total yield of route I was 43.8% from phenylacetic acid,while it was 54.1% of route II from 2-（3,4-bis（benzyloxy）phenyl）acetic acid.The titration purity of the final product was more than 99.5%,while any single or total impurities met the known standard of the drug by HPLC analysis.The measured residual palladium met an acceptable limit（〈1 ppm） as an API for injection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
49.
Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery Zhou, Hong-Yan; Hao, Ji-Long; Wang, Shuang ...
International journal of ophthalmology,
2013, Volume:
6, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood -aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular ...drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases.
We developed a novel method for non-targeted screening of metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with paired homologous double neutral loss scan mode after
in vitro
...isotope labelling (IL-HPLC-PHDNL-MS). As a proof of concept, we investigated the carboxylic acid metabolite profiling in plant samples by the IL-HPLC-PHDNL-MS method. To this end,
N
,
N
-dimethylaminobutylamine (DMBA) and d
4
-
N
,
N
-dimethylaminobutylamine (d
4
-DMBA) were synthesized and utilized to label carboxylic acids. Our results show the MS response of carboxylic acids was enhanced by 20- to 40-fold after labelling. As for the IL-HPLC-PHDNL-MS analysis, DMBA and d
4
-DMBA labelled samples were mixed equally before MS analysis. Because the isotope labelled moieties (dimethylamino moiety, Me
2
N) of DMBA and d
4
-DMBA are easily ruptured and lost as neutral fragments (NL 45 and NL 49) under collision induced dissociation (CID), two neutral loss scans can be carried out simultaneously to record the signals of DMBA and d
4
-DMBA labelled samples, respectively. In this respect, the metabolites from two samples labelled with different isotope reagents are ionized at the same time but recorded separately by mass spectrometry, which can eliminate the MS response fluctuation and mutual interference. Using this method, six potential biomarkers involved in wounded tomato leaves were identified, and their structures were further elucidated by product ion scan and high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Taken together, the IL-HPLC-PHDNL-MS method demonstrated good performance on the identification as well as relative quantification of metabolites with a carboxyl group in biological samples.
The development of a method for non-targeted screening of metabolites with a carboxyl group by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with paired homologous double neutral loss scan mode after
in vitro
isotope labelling was reported.
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