Transmembrane proteins have exhibited a significant correlation with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The current study elucidates the roles of transmembrane protein 150A (TMEM150A) in GBM. Data on ...patients with GBM were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Xena databases. The objective was to identify the expression levels of TMEM150A in patients with GBM, and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic values, accomplished using the receiver operating characteristic and survival analyses. On a cellular level, Cell Counting Kit-8, Wound healing, and Transwell experiments were performed to gauge the impact of TMEM150A on cell growth and migration. The study further investigated the correlation between TMEM150A expression and immune status, along with ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications in GBM. The findings demonstrated TMEM150A overexpression in the cancerous tissues of patients with GBM, with an area under the curve value of 0.95. TMEM150A overexpression was significantly correlated with poor prognostic indicators. TMEM150A overexpression and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status were predictive of poor survival time among patients with GBM. In vitro experiments indicated that suppressing TMEM150A expression could inhibit GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, TMEM150A overexpression was associated with stromal, immune, and estimate scores, immune cells (such as the T helper (Th) 17 cells, Th2 cells, and regulatory T cells), cell markers, and RNA modifications. Therefore, TMEM150A overexpression might serve as a promising biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in patients with GBM. Inhibiting TMEM150A expression holds the potential for improving the survival time of patients with GBM.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Herein we report a novel and straightforward protocol for the construction of valuable gem‐BPs by means of proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET)‐triggered enamido C(sp2)−H diphosphorylation. This ...reaction represents a rare example of realizing the challenging double C−P bond formation at a single carbon atom, thus providing facile access to a broad variety of structurally diverse bisphosphonates from simple enamides under silver‐mediated conditions. Initial mechanistic studies demonstrated that the diphosphorylation involves two rounds of PCET‐initiated radical relay process.
C−P bond formation: By taking advantage of a PCET‐triggered radical relay process, a new general method to versatile valuable functionalized gem‐bisphosphonates is described (see scheme).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Recent Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observations of blazars tend to support the shock model for the X-ray emission, but report a low degree of polarization (Π ∼ 10%) in X-rays ...compared with the previous theoretical expectations in the shock model. In order to reconcile the theoretical expectations with observations, we revisit the polarization of the shock emission by considering different types of directions in the distribution of the shock-generated magnetic fields (sgMFs). Here,
with
along the shock normal direction is used to describe the direction in the distribution of sgMFs in the shock comoving frame. It is found that the polarization in the X-ray and radio emission for a general jet in blazars can be described as
and
, respectively. Correspondingly, one can have
ζ
sg
∼ 1−1.5 according to IXPE observations. Besides the sgMFs, the magnetic fields generated by the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) (rmMFs) are supposed to be present in the jets. The direction of the rmMFs is mainly distributed along the shock normal in the simulations and thus
is adopted to describe the direction of the distribution in rmMFs. We find that rmMFs are likely to significantly affect the polarization properties at low-frequency emission, especially when the sgMFs decay rapidly. Based on contemporaneous radio and X-ray observations, we find that the emission of electrons in rmMFs makes a significant contribution to the low-frequency emission and the ordered background magnetic fields can be neglected.
Using an optimized fabrication and magnetic thermal annealing process, we have obtained a high quality beta-Ta/CoFeB/MgO layered structure with strong spin-orbit coupling. We have studied electron ...transport, magnetotransport, and magnetic properties of this system over a wide temperature range between 5 and 300 K. We present the results of resistivity, magnetization, giant spin Hall effect (GSHE), perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic switching phase diagram. beta-Ta exhibits a large spin Hall angle of 0.14, and shows evidence of spin Hall angle's scaling with resistivity quadratic ally. The optimized beta-Ta/CoFeB/MgO system displays the lowest switching current density among similar systems. Our comprehensive study will benefit applications of GSHE in spintronics.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Chiral amino acids featuring a phosphonate pendant arm are an important type of biologically active scaffold. Here in this review, we comprehensively summarize the modern synthetic methods towards ...asymmetric construction of chiral amino carboxylic‐phosphonic acid derivatives. The main streams of such interesting compounds include phosphono‐containing α‐, β‐, and γ‐amino acid derivatives, amino acid fluorophosphonate derivatives, amino acid cyclopropanylphosphonate derivatives, and bisphosphono‐amino acid derivatives. Chiral resolution protocols, chiral auxiliary‐directed syntheses, and valorization of the pool of abundant chiral amino acid resources remain contemporary concerns, and meanwhile catalytic enantioselective synthesis has also emerged as a potent strategy as demonstrated by the latest advances.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As a metal-free semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C
3
N
4
) has received extensive attention due to its high stability, nontoxicity, facile and low-cost synthesis, appropriate band gap in ...the visible spectral range and wide availability of resources. The dimensions of g-C
3
N
4
can influence the regime of the confinement of electrons, and consequently, g-C
3
N
4
with various dimensionalities shows different properties, making them available for many stimulating applications. Although there are some reviews focusing on the synthesis strategy and applications of g-C
3
N
4
, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that systemically summarises the synthesis and application of different dimensions of g-C
3
N
4
, which can provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the development of g-C
3
N
4
with different dimensionalities and maximises their potential in diverse applications. By reviewing the latest progress of g-C
3
N
4
studies, we aim to summarise the preparation of g-C
3
N
4
with different dimensionalities using various structural engineering strategies, discuss the fundamental bottlenecks of currently existing methods and their solution strategies, and explore their applications in energy and environmental applications. Furthermore, it also puts forward the views on the future research direction of these unique materials.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Plants face a relentless onslaught from a diverse array of pathogens in their natural environment, to which they have evolved a myriad of strategies that unfold across various temporal ...scales. Cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect conserved elicitors from pathogens or endogenous molecules released during pathogen invasion, initiating the first line of defence in plants, known as pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), which imparts a baseline level of disease resistance. Inside host cells, pathogen effectors are sensed by the nucleotide‐binding/leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) receptors, which then activate the second line of defence: effector‐triggered immunity (ETI), offering a more potent and enduring defence mechanism. Moreover, PTI and ETI collaborate synergistically to bolster disease resistance and collectively trigger a cascade of downstream defence responses. This article provides a comprehensive review of plant defence responses, offering an overview of the stepwise activation of plant immunity and the interactions between PTI‐ETI synergistic signal transduction.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prior findings on the effects of active learning environments were limited by both research design and data-analysis techniques, such as lack of controls over confounding factors and misuse of ...statistical modeling. We (1) investigated the effects of active learning environments on student achievement and motivation and (2) overcame the limitations of prior studies. Using a three-group design, the effects of physical learning environments and pedagogical approaches were successfully separated. Active learning environments were found to have little influence, whereas active learning and teaching were found to have a significantly-positive influence on student achievements. The findings contribute to understandings of active learning environments in higher education, and invite more debate about whether further investments in active learning classrooms are worthwhile.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Sodium‐ion oxide cathodes with triphase heterostructures have attracted intensive attention, since the sodium‐storage performance can be enhanced by utilizing the synergistic effect of different ...phases. However, the composite structures generally suffer from multiple irreversible phase transitions and high lattice strain because of interlayer‐gliding during the charge/discharge process. Here, the concept of strain engineering via manipulating the local chemistry of heterostructured oxide cathode is proposed to regulate the relevant physical and chemical properties, resulting in highly reversible structural evolution (P2/P3/spinel → P2/P3″/spinel) and low intrinsic stress in the potential window of 1.5–4.0 V. Also, the simple structural evolution at a relatively high cut‐off potential of 4.3 V can be detected by in situ X‐ray diffraction and other electrochemical characterization techniques during Na+ extraction/insertion. Meanwhile, the electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (169.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C) and excellent rate performance from 1.5 to 4.3 V. Overall, this study reveals the mechanisms of regulating local chemistry to realize strain engineering of the cathode materials and paves the way for the further improvement of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Strain engineering by manipulating the local chemistry of a heterostructured oxide cathode can facilitate phase transformation and suppress lattice strain, resulting in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries. The concept of local chemistry modulation can also be used to regulate the physical and chemical properties of other electrode materials and further inspire the exploitation of new materials and chemistries in energy storage and conversion.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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