•A engineering green TiO2/Ni-MOF-based superhydrophobic sponge was firstly fabricated.•Silane groups of ODSOSS cages endowed MOF-based sponge with superhydrophobic properties.•The coatings can ...achieve in-situ adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of pesticides.•The coated sponge can selectively and synchronously remove MPs and pesticides from high-salinity water.•The coatings have excellent absorption recyclability and salt tolerance.
Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides are becoming an intractable environmental issue due to their wide spreading and non-degradable nature, posing serious threat to ecosystem and human health. To settle such dilemma, this work reasonably designed a superhydrophobic MOF-based coated sponge (ODSOSS/TiO2/Ni-MOF/PDA@Sponge) through the combination of an environmentally friendly in-situ supersaturated coprecipitation and polysesiloxane modification method. Among them, (I) the introduction of polydopamine (PDA) not only improves the adhesion between coatings and sponge, but also enhances the growth of MOF structure through complexation. (II) The obtained Ni-MOF shows large-area microscale anthemy structure with multilayered flaky texture, forming heterogeneously hierarchical structure with the deposited TiO2 nanoparticles, which promotes photodegradation ability of TiO2 owing to great specific surface area of Ni-MOF. (III) The high specific large area Ni-MOF supplies sufficient action sites for linkage of PDA and polysesiloxane molecules with unique nanocage-like structure, thus further greatly increasing adsorption force for various pollutants. (IV) The superhydrophobicity protect the porous channels of MOF from contamination of various absorbed pollutants, while TiO2 nanoparticles effectively photodegrade the absorbed organic pollutants, endowing the sponge superior recyclability. The superhydrophobic sponge selectively rapidly and synchronously adsorbs various MPs (maintained almost 100% after 60 cycles) and pesticides (adsorption rates 71.6%–95.1%) from high-salinity water. The large-area sponge (9 cm × 6 cm × 1 cm) simultaneously removes almost 100% MPs (40 mg/L), Sudan Ⅲ (10 mg/L), kerosene (30 mL/L), and four pesticides (10 mg/L) within 1 min. Particularly, four pesticides are quickly photocatalytic degraded by the coated sponge. The free radical capture trials show that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the main active species of pesticide degradation. Furthermore, we reveal the negative centers where pesticide molecules are most vulnerable to ·OH attack, on basis of the charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. The adsorption mechanisms are carefully clarified through theoretical calculation and experimental data. This work not only provide an effective superhydrophobic candidate for MPs and pesticides removal in a broad applicable scope (especially in high-salinity wastewater), but also opens a new strategy for environmental remediation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environment, which pose serious threat to ecosystem and human health. Although many approaches have been developed, most of them showed ...low efficiency and long processing cycle. Herein, a cost-effective and eco-friendly coated sponge (HDTMS/CuCo-LDHs/PDA@Sponge) was successfully fabricated for the first time via the supersaturated coprecipitation methods, integrating of multistage lamellar layered hydroxides (LDHs) structure, polydopamine (PDA) adhesive layer, and hydrophobic agent. Among them, (i) the complexation of PDA can enhance the growth of CuCo-LDHs, (ii) the large surface area of CuCo-LDHs provided plentiful action sites for linkage of PDA and HDTMS molecules, thus self-strengthened the coating much more firmly, (iii) the cooperation of three buildings significantly promoted the adsorption capacity of coatings to various pollutants. The finally coated sponge showed mechanically durable, superhydrophobicity, salt tolerance, and antibacterial activity, which could efficiently and synchronously absorb MPs (polypropylene and polyethylene), dyestuff, and tiny oil, and the removal rates remained almost 100% for these pollutants. Moreover, the large-scale coated sponge (9 cm × 6 cm × 1 cm) could simultaneously adsorb almost 100% MPs (40 mg/L), Sudan Ⅲ (10 mg/L), and dodecane (20 mL/L) within 1 min. The absorption energy between the coatings and MPs were −1699 kcal/mol for PP and −932.8 kcal/mol for PE, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was ascribed to multiple forces, including electrostatic interaction, capillary attraction, hydrogen bond, p-π conjugation, Van der Waals force, lipophilicity, complexation, surface adhesion of PDA, and lipophilicity of HDTMS clusters. The developed superhydrophobic sponge will be a novel strategy to purify wastewater, especially for the high-salinity and microbial-rich marine environment.
•A robust eco-friendly Cu/Co-LDHs-based superhydrophobic sponge was firstly fabricated.•The cooperation of LDHs, PDA, and HDTMS significantly enhanced adsorption capacity of coating.•Sponge showed excellent recyclability, salt tolerance, and anti-bacteria properties.•The coated sponge could synchronously and efficiently remove MPs, dye, and oils.•Large-scale sponge adsorbed almost 100% MPs (1.5 g/L) from wastewater within 1 min.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is urgent to develop effective materials to decontaminate wastewater owing to water scarcity in the whole world. In this study, we successfully fabricated a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic ...MOFs/LDHs based-functional sponge (OMCTS/ZIF-67/CuCo-LDHs@Sponge) with large specific surface area and high porosity for the first time through a two-step co-precipitation method and surface modification of polysiloxane. The polydopamine (PDA) molecules not only greatly improved the adhesion between coatings and substrate, but also enhanced growth of MOFs and LDHs structure. The in-situ growth of hexahedron ZIF-67 particles on multiple layered CuCo-LDHs sphere formed heterojunction, which significantly increased adsorption sites, specific area, and porosity and also solved the aggregation problem of powder MOFs. The CuCo-LDHs with large surface area was beneficial to ZIF-67 growth owing to same Co2+connection. The developed superhydrophobic sponge not only quickly and selectively absorbed various microplastics (MPs, as high as 500 mg/mL), dyes (C0 = 40 mg/L, removal rate of 99.6 %), and emulsified oils from high-salinity water with high capacity (e.g. 85 mg/g for PP-2000, 94 mg/g for PS-100, and 93 mg/g for PE-2000), but also exhibited outstanding synchronous decontamination capability for coexisting pollutants through multi-molecular synergistic mechanism and multiple adsorption forces (grasping force, strong capillarity, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, p-π conjugation interaction. Van der Waals forces). The coated sponge showed superior mechanical durability, which still maintained separation ability above 98 % after repeated adsorption of MPs for 40 cycles. The adsorption mechanism was detailly investigated through theoretical simulation of adsorption energy. This coated sponge was destined to show broad and useful applications in water purification field.
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•A robust MOFs/LDHs hybrid-based superhydrophobic sponge was fabricated.•In-situ growth of ZIF-67 on CuCo-LDHs significantly increases adsorption sites, specific area, and porosity.•Synergism of each component greatly enhanced absorption capability and cyclicity.•The coated sponge efficiently absorb various MPs with high capacity.•The coated sponge achieved speedy decontamination wastewater property.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Silicon carbide (SiC) junction field-effect transistor (JFET) based bi-directional switches (BDSs) have great potential in the construction of several power electronic circuits, including matrix ...converters, multi-level converters, solid state breakers, and so on. Parasitic oscillation in SiC JFET-based BDSs has direct impact on the stability and reliability of these circuits. Proper handling of parasitic oscillation becomes highly critical. This paper focuses on the parasitic oscillation suppression in SiC JFET-based BDSs. A parallel snubber capacitor or a series ferrite ring was often used to damp parasitic oscillation in switching circuits in the literature. However, conventionally, the snubber capacitance was obtained by time-consuming and labour-intensive trial-and-error methods. The main contribution of this study is to derive the simplified equivalent transient circuit of the SiC JFET-based BDS considering all parasitic elements and quantitatively define the reasonable range of the snubber capacitance. And the combined effect of the selected snubber capacitance and the selected ferrite ring is investigated. In the end, simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Oil spills and micropollutants have become thorny environmental issues, posing serious threat to ecosystem and human health. To settle such dilemma, this study successfully constructed a robust and ...environmentally-friendly MOFs-COFs hybrid-based membrane (FS-50/COF(MATPA)-MOF(Zr)/PDA@PVDF) for the first time through solution synthesis and solvothermal method, combined with surface modification of FS-50 molecule. Importantly, we employed a simple two-step strategy to obtain the high-aspect-ratio MOFs fibers: (1) solvent regulation to generate smaller needle-like whiskers during the in-situ growth of MOFs on COFs; (2) high pressure induced directional crystallization in filtration process. The introduction of polydopamine (PDA) greatly improved the adhesion between coating and PVDF membrane. The in-situ growth of high length-diameter ratio MOFs fibers on blocky COFs greatly enhanced the specific surface area of MOFs-COFs hybrid, thus provided sufficient absorption sites. The functional groups of FS-50 endowed the hybrid membrane with superhydrophilicity and superoleophobicity, which facilitated to selectively penetrate water molecules and repel non-polar pollutants. The separation efficiency and decontamination mechanism of hybrid membrane to the simulated oily wastewater (containing various MPs, dyes, and pesticides) were investigated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The hybrid membrane could selectively and synchronously adsorb various dyes (20 mg/L–120 mg/L, almost 100% removal) and pesticides (10 mg/L for DIF and TET, adsorption rates 93.2% and 90.9%, respectively) from oil-water emulsion (50 mL). The large-scale coated sponge (6 cm × 4.5 cm × 3 cm) could quickly achieve separation of oil-water mixture (almost 100%) with a water permeability of more than 162 L m−2·h−1·bar−1, and simultaneously remove various MPs (PP-2000, PP-100, PE-2000, PS-100, 0.2 g/300 mL for each), Sudan Ⅲ (C0 = 200 mg/L), and DIF (C0 = 10 mg/L) from a simulant oily wastewater (300 mL), with the removal rates of almost 100% for MPs, 99.7% for Sudan Ⅲ, and 95.8% for DIF. Furthermore, we elucidated the removal mechanism of pesticide and dyes through simulating the theoretical adsorption energy and potential adsorption sites. The hybrid membrane not only provides a promising candidate for the removal of multiple pollutants from oil-water emulsion, but also opens a new strategy for achieving efficient and clean aquatic environment restoration.
•We obtained high aspect ratio MOFs by solvent regulation and high-pressure induction.•Large specific surface area MOFs-COFs heterogenous hybrid was synthesized via in-situ growth.•The superhydrophilic and superoleophobic membrane was firstly fabricated.•The membrane achieved efficient emulsion separation and synchronous decontamination.•The membrane had excellent recyclability, absorption selectivity, and self-cleaning ability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Previous studies indicated an association between impaired cerebral perfusion and post-procedural neurological disorders. We investigated whether intra-procedural hypoxaemia or hypocapnia are ...associated with delirium after surgery.
Inpatients ≥60 yr of age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or interventional procedures between 2009 and 2020 at an academic healthcare network in the USA (Massachusetts) were included in this hospital registry study. The primary exposure was intra-procedural hypoxaemia, defined as peripheral oxygen saturation <90% for >2 cohering min. The co-primary exposure was hypocapnia during general anaesthesia, defined as end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure ≤25 mm Hg for >5 cohering min. The primary outcome was delirium within 7 days after surgery.
Of 71 717 included patients, 1702 (2.4%) developed postoperative delirium, and hypoxaemia was detected in 2532 (3.5%). Of 42 894 patients undergoing general anaesthesia, 532 (1.2%) experienced hypocapnia. The occurrence of either hypoxaemia (adjusted odds ratio ORadj=1.71; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.40–2.07; P<0.001) or hypocapnia (ORadj=1.77; 95% CI, 1.30–2.41; P<0.001) was associated with a higher risk of delirium within 7 days. Both associations were dependent on the magnitude, and increased with event duration (ORadj=1.03; 95% CI, 1.02–1.04; P<0.001 and ORadj=1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.01; P=0.005, for each minute increase in the longest continuous episode, respectively). There was no association between occurrence of hypercapnia and postoperative delirium (ORadj=1.24; 95% CI, 0.90–1.71; P=0.181).
Intra-procedural hypoxaemia and hypocapnia were dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of postoperative delirium. These findings support maintaining normal gas exchange to avoid postoperative neurological disorders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The treatment of intraoperative hypotension with phenylephrine may impair cerebral perfusion through vasoconstriction, which has been linked to postoperative delirium. The hypothesis was that ...intraoperative administration of phenylephrine, compared to ephedrine, is associated with higher odds of postoperative delirium.
A total of 103,094 hospitalized adults undergoing general anesthesia for noncardiac, non-neurosurgical procedures between 2008 and 2020 at two tertiary academic healthcare networks in Massachusetts were included in this multicenter hospital registry study. The primary exposure was the administration of phenylephrine versus ephedrine during surgery, and the primary outcome was postoperative delirium within 7 days. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for a priori defined confounding variables including patient demographics, comorbidities, and procedural factors including magnitude of intraoperative hypotension were applied.
Between the two healthcare networks, 78,982 (76.6%) patients received phenylephrine, and 24,112 (23.4%) patients received ephedrine during surgery; 770 patients (0.8%) developed delirium within 7 days. The median (interquartile range) total intraoperative dose of phenylephrine was 1.0 (0.2 to 3.3) mg and 10.0 (10.0 to 20.0) mg for ephedrine. In adjusted analyses, the administration of phenylephrine, compared to ephedrine, was associated with higher odds of developing postoperative delirium within 7 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.71; and adjusted absolute risk difference, 0.2%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.3%; P = 0.015). A keyword and manual chart review-based approach in a subset of 45,465 patients further validated these findings (delirium incidence, 3.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.37; P < 0.001). Fractional polynomial regression analysis further indicated a dose-dependent effect of phenylephrine (adjusted coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14; P = 0.013, per each μg/kg increase in the cumulative phenylephrine dose).
The administration of phenylephrine compared to ephedrine during general anesthesia was associated with higher odds of developing postoperative delirium. Based on these data, clinical trials are warranted to determine whether favoring ephedrine over phenylephrine for treatment of intraoperative hypotension can reduce delirium after surgery.
Patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience chronic sleep disturbances and desaturation, factors that have been associated with postoperative delirium and that can be aggravated ...after anesthesia for complex procedures. We investigated whether OSA is associated with delirium after anesthesia, and whether this association is modified by procedural complexity.
Hospitalized patients ≥60 years who underwent general anesthesia or procedural sedation for procedures of moderate-to-high complexity between 2009 and 2020 at a tertiary health care network in Massachusetts were included. The primary exposure was OSA, defined based on International Classification of Diseases ( Ninth/Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification ) ( ICD-9 / 10-CM ) diagnostic codes, structured nursing interviews, anesthesia alert notes, and a validated risk score (BOSTN body mass index, observed apnea, snoring, tiredness, and neck circumference). The primary end point was delirium within 7 days after the procedure. Multivariable logistic regression and effect modification analyses adjusted for patient demographics, comorbidities, and procedural factors were applied.
A total of 46,352 patients were included, of which 1694 patients (3.7%) developed delirium, 537 (3.2%) with OSA, and 1,157 (4.0%) without OSA. In adjusted analyses, OSA was not associated with postprocedural delirium in the overall cohort (adjusted odds ratio OR adj , 1.06; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.94-1.20; P = .35). However, a high procedural complexity modified the primary association ( P value for interaction = .002). OSA patients had a higher risk of delirium after high-complexity procedures (≥40 work relative value units) such as cardiac (OR adj , 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.64; P = .007, P value for interaction = .005) or thoracic surgery (OR adj , 1.89; 95% CI, 1.19-3.00; P = .007, P value for interaction = .009), but no increased risk after moderate complexity procedures, including general surgery (OR adj , 0.86; 95% CI, 0.55-1.35; P = .52).
Compared to non-OSA patients, a history of OSA is associated with a higher risk after high-complexity procedures such as cardiac or thoracic surgery but not after procedures of moderate complexity.
Annular electron beam which can be obtained by cylindrical ferroelectric cathode could achieve stable transmission and beam-wave conversion with high efficiency in high power microwave device. ...Besides, cylindrical ferroelectric cathode may obtain intense emission current and high density plasma due to the sample's large emission surface area.
This article makes a research of electron emission characteristic of cylindrical ferroelectric cathode. In experiment, lanthanum- doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic is introduced to manufacture thin cylinder. And then, in method of sintering silver, exterior wall is made into full electrode which is set as rear electrode, whereas, interior wall is made into grid electrode as inner electrode. High voltage pulse source used between rear to inner electrode and DC bias voltage used between graphite collector to inner electrode are set as trigger and extraction voltage, respectively.
The research puts emphasis on the change of electron emission intensity with trigger voltage and extraction voltage. Secondly, we analyze and discuss experiment phenomenon. Finally, we observe discharge in cylindrical cathode and record the section of emission current.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Dexmedetomidine, which is commonly used for procedural sedation and as adjunct to general anesthesia for ambulatory procedures, may affect patient discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). ...We hypothesized that intraoperative dexmedetomidine use in ambulatory surgery is associated with delayed discharge from the PACU and that this is modified by surgical duration and anesthesia type.
Retrospective cohort study.
Academic medical center.
130,854 adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery between 2008 and 2018.
Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine.
The primary outcome was PACU length of stay. In secondary and exploratory analyses, we examined dose-dependency, effect modification by duration of surgery and anesthesia type, effects of timing of dexmedetomidine administration, and PACU discharge delays.
Dexmedetomidine was associated with a prolonged PACU length of stay (adjusted absolute difference ADadj 15.0 min; 95%CI 12.7–17.3; p < 0.001). This effect was dose-dependent (p-for-trend < 0.001), magnified in surgeries of less than one hour (ADadj 20.7 min; 95%CI 16.7–24.7; p < 0.001) and in patients undergoing monitored anesthesia care compared to general anesthesia (ADadj 16.8 min; 95%CI 14.1–19.6; p < 0.001). The effect was more pronounced if dexmedetomidine was administered within the last 60 min of surgery (ADadj 18.7 min; 95%CI 15.7–21.7; p < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine was associated with discharge delays due to cardiovascular complications (ORadj 2.27; 95%CI 1.59–3.24; p < 0.001) and over-sedation (ORadj 1.28; 95%CI 1.11–1.48; p < 0.001). In patients who received dexmedetomidine (n = 2901), the use of bolus doses only versus the combination of bolus and infusions, magnified the effects on PACU length of stay (ADadj 29.5 min per μg/kg; 95%CI 17.3–41.8 versus 18.1 min per μg/kg; 95%CI 11.4–24.8; p < 0.001).
The intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine was dose-dependently associated with a prolonged PACU length of stay. Clinicians should judiciously titrate dexmedetomidine, especially when using this long-acting drug for monitored anesthesia care for shorter procedures.
•Dexmedetomidine dose-dependently increases PACU length of stay.•The effect was magnified with monitored anesthesia care, and in patients undergoing procedures of shorter duration.•A dexmedetomidine bolus administered towards the end of surgery carries a magnified risk of prolonged PACU length of stay.•PACU discharge delays can in part be explained by over-sedation and cardiovascular complications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
