We investigated the association of retinopathy with the risk of dementia in a general older Japanese population. A total of 1709 population-based residents aged 60 years or older without dementia ...were followed prospectively for 10 years (2007-2017). They underwent color fundus photography in 2007. Retinopathy was graded according to the Modified Airlie House Classification. Main outcome was the Incidence of dementia. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of dementia by the presence of retinopathy. During the follow-up period, 374 participants developed all-cause dementia. The cumulative incidence of dementia was significantly higher in those with retinopathy than those without (p < 0.05). Individuals with retinopathy had significantly higher risk of developing dementia than those without after adjustment for potential confounding factors (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.19-2.25). Regarding the components of retinopathy, the presence of microaneurysms was significantly associated with a higher multivariable-adjusted HR for incident dementia (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.37-2.74). Our findings suggest that, in addition to systemic risk factors, retinal microvascular signs from fundus photography provide valuable information for estimating the risk of developing dementia.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
To investigate whether higher intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium reduces the risk of incident dementia.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
The Hisayama Study, in Japan.
...Participants
One thousand eighty‐one community‐dwelling Japanese individuals without dementia aged 60 and older.
Measurements
A 70‐item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of all‐cause dementia and its subtypes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
During a 17‐year follow‐up, 303 participants experienced all‐cause dementia; of these, 98 had vascular dementia (VaD), and 166 had Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multivariable‐adjusted HRs for the development of all‐cause dementia were 0.52 (95% confidence interval CI = 0.30–0.91), 0.64 (95% CI = 0.41–1.00), and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.40–1.01) for the highest quartiles of potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake, respectively, compared with the corresponding lowest quartiles. Similarly, the HRs for the development of VaD were 0.20 (95% CI = 0.07–0.56), 0.24 (95% CI = 0.11–0.53), and 0.26 (95% CI = 0.11–0.61) for the highest quartiles of potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake, respectively. There was no evidence of a linear association between these mineral intakes and the risk of AD.
Conclusion
Higher self‐reported dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, and magnesium reduce the risk of all‐cause dementia, especially VaD, in the general Japanese population.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims/Introduction
Changes in histologically quantified β‐ and α‐cell mass during the development of glucose intolerance have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore ...differences in β‐ and α‐cell mass according to the glucose tolerance status.
Materials and Methods
Autopsy samples from a total of 103 individuals (40 with normal glucose tolerance, 31 with prediabetes and 32 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test within 5 years before death were selected from 643 community‐based autopsy samples collected from 2002 to 2016. Fractional β‐cell area (BCA) and α‐cell area were quantified with Image Pro Plus software. Associations of BCA and α‐cell area with glucose tolerance status were assessed using a linear regression analysis, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients between glycemic markers and β‐cell function were estimated.
Results
The mean values of BCA decreased significantly with worsening glucose tolerance status (mean ± standard error 1.85 ± 0.10% in normal glucose tolerance, 1.59 ± 0.11% in prediabetes and 1.17 ± 0.11% in type 2 diabetes mellitus, P for trend < 0.001), whereas there was no significant association between α‐cell area and glucose tolerance status. BCA was inversely correlated with fasting and 2‐h plasma glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test and glycated hemoglobin measurement, and positively correlated with disposition index (all P < 0.01).
Conclusions
β‐Cell mass decreased significantly with worsening glucose tolerance, from the stage of prediabetes, in the Japanese population. Prevention of declining β‐cell mass before the onset of glucose intolerance is important to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A lower fractional β‐cell area was associated significantly with the deterioration of glucose tolerance status in community‐based autopsy samples of Japanese individuals.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding interfacial reactions between surface‐modified lithium intercalation cathodes and organic electrolytes facilitates the design of highly functional cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. ...Here, the chemical bonding state between a LiCoO2 cathode and a ZrO2−x surface layer is controlled by pulsed arc plasma deposition using different ion energies. The lithium intercalation properties and interfacial structure changes are subsequently analyzed. The Zr−O−Co‐modified surface formed by interaction between ZrO2−x and LiCoO2 provides superior cycle stability under high‐voltage operation (2.8–4.5 V). X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy clarifies that the Zr−O−Co surface forms highly adhesive ZrOxFy as a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). The chemical bonding state at the ZrO2−x/LiCoO2 interface affects the reactivity of ZrO2−x with electrolyte species as well as the architecture of the CEI, which may determine the cell performances of lithium intercalation cathodes.
Arc de Triomphe: The chemical bonding states between a LiCoO2 cathode and a ZrO2−x modification layer is controlled by pulsed cathodic arc plasma deposition. The interacted Zr−O−Co bonding facilitates the formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase with physical and electrochemical stability, leading to superior cycle stability of lithium intercalation under high‐voltage operation (2.8–4.5 V vs. Li/Li+).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We aimed to investigate the association of serum glycated albumin (GA) levels with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, in a ...general Japanese population.
A total of 2965 Japanese community-dwellers aged ≥40 years were followed prospectively for a median of 10.2 years (2002–2012). Serum GA was measured by the enzymatic method and divided into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of serum GA levels on CVD risk.
During the follow-up, 213 subjects developed CVD; 95 had CHD, and 133 had stroke. The cumulative incidence of CVD, CHD, and stroke increased significantly with increasing serum GA levels (all p for trend <0.02). Compared with the lowest serum GA quartile (<13.6%), the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of the highest quartile (≥15.7%) were 2.33 (1.46–3.68) for CVD, 2.23 (1.11–4.50) for CHD, and 2.47 (1.38–4.40) for stroke. In addition, a subgroup analysis showed that CVD risk increased significantly with increasing levels of serum GA in both subjects with and without diabetes mellitus. The increasing trend of CVD risk for higher serum GA levels was also observed in subjects with low hemoglobin A1c levels (hemoglobin A1c <5.46%).
Our findings suggest that higher serum GA levels are significantly associated with the development of CVD and its subtypes, even among subjects without diabetes or those with normal hemoglobin A1c levels, in a general Japanese population.
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•Higher serum glycated albumin (GA) levels were significantly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD).•The association was unchanged even after adjustment for diabetes mellitus.•The association was also observed in both subgroups with and without diabetes.•The association of serum GA levels with CVD risk was observed in those with low HbA1c.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Disruption of the intestinal microbiota caused by intensive chemotherapy, irradiation and antibiotics can result in development of severe gut graft-versus-host disease and infectious complications, ...leading to poorer outcomes among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Although the oral cavity is also densely colonized by indigenous microorganisms, the bacterial composition in allo-HSCT recipients remains unclear. We determined the tongue microbiota composition of 45 patients with hematological disorders on the day of transplantation and compared them to 164 community-dwelling adults. The V1-V2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the allo-HSCT recipients had less diverse and distinct microbiota from that of community-dwelling adults. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences identified 146 bacterial taxa in the microbiota of allo-HSCT recipients, of which 34 bacterial taxa did not correspond to bacteria primarily inhabiting the oral cavity deposited in the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database. Notably, the detection of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and/or Ralstonia pickettii was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality during the follow-up period. These results demonstrate that the oral cavity of allo-HSCT recipients is colonized by a disrupted microbiota on the day of transplantation and suggest that detection of specific nonindigenous taxa could be a predictor of transplant outcome.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated in response to inflammation caused by brain infarction, the association of CRP with clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke remains ...uncertain. This study examined whether plasma high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) levels at onset were associated with clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke independent of conventional risk factors and acute infections after stroke.
We prospectively included 3653 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke who had been functionally independent and were hospitalized within 24 h of onset. Plasma hsCRP levels were measured on admission and categorized into quartiles. The association between hsCRP levels and clinical outcomes, including neurological improvement, neurological deterioration, and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale ≥3 at 3 months), were investigated using a logistic regression analysis.
Higher hsCRP levels were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, stroke subtype, conventional risk factors, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy, and acute infections during hospitalization (multivariate-adjusted odds ratios 95% confidence interval in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile as a reference: 0.80 0.65-0.97 for neurological improvement, 1.72 1.26-2.34 for neurological deterioration, and 2.03 1.55-2.67 for a poor functional outcome). These associations were unchanged after excluding patients with infectious diseases occurring during hospitalization, or those with stroke recurrence or death. These trends were similar irrespective of stroke subtypes or baseline stroke severity, but more marked in patients aged <70 years (Pheterogeneity = 0.001).
High plasma hsCRP is independently associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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