Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a deacetylase, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study shows that Yin yang 1 (YY1), ...a widely expressed zinc finger DNA/RNA-binding transcription factor, is a novel regulator of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Since the activity of YY1 is regulated via acetylation and deacetylation modification, this study aimed to explore whether Sirt1-induced deacetylation of YY1 mediated high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. We first confirmed that Sirt1 expression level was significantly decreased in the kidney of db/db mice and in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Diabetes-induced Sirt1 reduction enhanced the level of YY1 acetylation and renal tubular EMT. Then, we manipulated Sirt1 expression in vivo and in vitro by injecting resveratrol (50 mg·kg
·d
. ip) to db/db mice for 2 weeks or application of SRT1720 (2.5 μM) in HG-treated HK-2 cells, we found that activation of Sirt1 reversed the renal tubular EMT and YY1 acetylation induced by HG condition. On the contrary, Sirt1 was knocked down in db/m mice or EX527 (1 μM) was added in HK-2 cells, we found that inhibition of Sirt1 exacerbated renal fibrosis in diabetic mice and enhanced level of YY1 acetylation in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of YY1 inhibited the ameliorating effect of resveratrol on renal tubular EMT and renal fibrosis in db/db mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Sirt1 plays an important role in renal tubular EMT of DN through mediating deacetylation of YY1.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
As core units of organ tissues, cells of various types play their harmonious rhythms to maintain the homeostasis of the human body. It is essential to identify the characteristics of cells in human ...organs and their regulatory networks for understanding the biological mechanisms related to health and disease. However, a systematic and comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profile across multiple organs of a normal human adult is missing.
We perform single-cell transcriptomes of 84,363 cells derived from 15 tissue organs of one adult donor and generate an adult human cell atlas. The adult human cell atlas depicts 252 subtypes of cells, including major cell types such as T, B, myeloid, epithelial, and stromal cells, as well as novel COCH
fibroblasts and FibSmo cells, each of which is distinguished by multiple marker genes and transcriptional profiles. These collectively contribute to the heterogeneity of major human organs. Moreover, T cell and B cell receptor repertoire comparisons and trajectory analyses reveal direct clonal sharing of T and B cells with various developmental states among different tissues. Furthermore, novel cell markers, transcription factors, and ligand-receptor pairs are identified with potential functional regulations in maintaining the homeostasis of human cells among tissues.
The adult human cell atlas reveals the inter- and intra-organ heterogeneity of cell characteristics and provides a useful resource in uncovering key events during the development of human diseases in the context of the heterogeneity of cells and organs.
Research summary: U- and inverted U-shaped relationships are increasingly explored in strategy research, with 11 percent of all articles published in Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) in 2008-2012 ...investigating such quadratic relationships. Moreover, a movement towards introducing moderation to quadratic relationships has emerged. By reviewing 110 articles published in SMJ from 1980 to 2012, we identify several critical issues in theorizing and testing of these relationships for which current practice falls short. These include insufficient causal argumentation, incorrect testing, mixing up two different types of moderation, and not realizing that the curve can flip completely. For these and other issues, a guideline is provided which, when followed, may bring clarity to theoretical motivation and rigor to empirical testing. Managerial summary: Too much can be as bad as too little. Many relationships in strategic management follow an inverted U-shaped pattern, where moderate levels of a strategy lead to optimal performance. To gain deeper insights into the conventional wisdom that too much of a good thing can be harmful to performance, we discuss how such relationships can be better theorized and tested based on a review of articles exploring U-shaped relationships in Strategic Management Journal during 1980-2012. We identify several critical issues that require close attention and provide a guideline to further develop and validate this important managerial intuition.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Imaging spectroscopy, also known as hyperspectral imaging, has been transformed in the last four decades from being a sparse research tool into a commodity product available to a broad user ...community. Specially, in the last 10 years, a large number of new techniques able to take into account the special properties of hyperspectral data have been introduced for hyperspectral data processing, where hyperspectral image classification, as one of the most active topics, has drawn massive attentions. Spectral-spatial hyperspectral image classification can achieve better classification performance than its pixel-wise counterpart, since the former utilizes not only the information of spectral signature but also that from spatial domain. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview on the methods belonging to the category of spectral-spatial classification in a relatively unified context. First, we develop a concept of spatial dependency system that involves pixel dependency and label dependency, with two main factors: neighborhood covering and neighborhood importance. In terms of the way that the neighborhood information is used, the spatial dependency systems can be classified into fixed, adaptive, and global systems, which can accommodate various kinds of existing spectral-spatial methods. Based on such, the categorizations of single-dependency, bilayer-dependency, and multiple-dependency systems are further introduced. Second, we categorize the performings of existing spectral-spatial methods into four paradigms according to the different fusion stages wherein spatial information takes effect, i.e., preprocessing-based, integrated, postprocessing-based, and hybrid classifications. Then, typical methodologies are outlined. Finally, several representative spectral-spatial classification methods are applied on real-world hyperspectral data in our experiments.
An unmanned quadrotor presents excellent mobility to fly freely in complex environments, which makes it an ideal choice for aerial transferring tasks. During the transferring process, it is very ...challenging to eliminate the swing, since there is no direct control on the payload. The quadrotor transportation system presents the great challenge of the cascaded underactuated-underactuated property, which makes it extremely difficult to simultaneously implement accurate quadrotor positioning and efficient payload swing suppression. In this paper, a nonlinear hierarchical control scheme is proposed for a quadrotor transportation system, which takes full advantage of the cascade property of the system and separates the controller design for the inner loop and the outer loop, respectively, to facilitate the design procedure. More specifically, for the outer loop subsystem, based on the proposed energy storage function, a virtual control vector is designed, which introduces a saturation function to make the desired attitude free of any singularities. For the inner loop, a coordinate-free geometric attitude tracking controller is designed on the Lie group to drive the quadrotor to its desired attitude. It is shown theoretically by Lyapunov techniques and LaSalle's invariance theorem that the equilibrium point of the overall system is asymptotically stable. As illustrated by experimental results, the proposed control law presents advantages such as high control precision, effective payload swing suppression, and so on.
Metal nanoparticles deposited on N‐doped carbon materials have emerged as novel catalysts for various organic transformations. In this Minireview, strategies for the synthesis of metal composites on ...N‐doped carbon supports and their state‐of‐the‐art characterization are briefly described. The catalytic application of these fascinating materials in several industrially relevant reactions, including oxidations, hydrogenations, Fischer–Tropsch syntheses, and H2 generation, is also summarized. Furthermore, the effects of nitrogen incorporation on the different catalytic systems are highlighted.
Nitrogen makes the difference: In this Minireview, the employment of metal nanoparticles modified by nitrogen‐doped carbon supports as promising catalysts for various transformations, including industrially relevant oxidations, reductions, Fischer–Tropsch syntheses, and H2 generation, is discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents a novel design of compact dualpolarized multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antennas with endfire radiation for millimeter-wave wireless applications. The low-cost printed circuit ...board process serves as the basis for the design, fabrication, and measurement of the proposed dualpolarized quasi Yagi-Uda antennas. Addressing the potential antenna locations in a mobile terminal, this paper investigates both the corner and the lateral design of antenna modules. Each design incorporates dual-port dual-polarized antennas co-located in a compact area. The lateral design is further extended to a linear 1×4 array for high-gain and phased-scanning operation. Experimental results show that the proposed compact dual-polarized quasi Yagi-Uda antennas are very suitable for MIM terminals of next-generation (5G) mobile communications.
Enzymatic catalysis in living cells enables the in-situ detection of cellular metabolites in single cells, which could contribute to early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, enzyme is packaged in ...amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via a one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient conditions, exhibiting 5-20 times higher apparent activity than when the enzyme is encapsulated in corresponding crystalline MOFs. Molecular simulation and cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) combined with other techniques demonstrate that the mesopores generated in this disordered and fuzzy structure endow the packaged enzyme with high enzyme activity. The highly active glucose oxidase delivered by the amorphous MOF nanoparticles allows the noninvasive and facile measurement of glucose in single living cells, which can be used to distinguish between cancerous and normal cells.
The second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescent imaging shows great potential for deep tissue analysis at high resolution in living body owing to low background autofluorescence and photon scattering. ...However, reversible monitoring of redox homeostasis using NIR‐II fluorescent imaging remains a challenge due to the lack of appropriate probes. In this study, a series of stable and multifunctional NIR‐II dyes (NIR‐II Cy3s) were constructed based on trimethine skeleton. Significantly, introducing the 1,4‐diethyl‐decahydroquinoxaline group to the NIR‐II Cy3s not only effectively increased the wavelength, but also served as an effective response site for HClO, which can be restored by reactive sulfur species (RSS). Based on this, NIR‐II Cy3s were used for reversible monitoring of HClO/RSS‐mediated redox processes in the pathophysiology environment. Finally, NIR‐II Cy3‐988 was successfully utilized for assessment of the redox environments and drug treatment effects in acute inflammation model.
We report a new class of trimethine skeleton NIR‐II fluorophores (NIR‐II Cy3s) with improved stability over traditional heptamethine NIR‐II fluorophores and emission above 1000 nm. The NIR‐II Cy3s can reversibly respond to HClO and reactive sulfur species (RSS) and can serve as an effective platform for the reversible monitoring of the HClO/RSS‐mediated redox process in a pathophysiology environment. Finally, we applied NIR‐II Cy3‐988 to the reversible assessment of the redox environment and dynamic effect of drug treatment in an acute inflammation model and of redox potential changes during liver injury and repair.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Evolutionary game in the supply-side perspective of reverse supply chain.•Static reward and punishment mechanisms show cyclical behavior patterns.•Emphasis on a combination of ...dynamic incentives and punitive measures.•The impact of recovery costs and third-party interference is discussed.
As a core component of new energy vehicle development, power battery will bring serious environmental pollution if it is not disposed of in a standardized way after retirement, so a scientific recycling mechanism is the key to achieve sustainable development. This paper explores the EPR mechanism of power battery recycling from a supply-side perspective based on a game theory approach. The system dynamics evolution model was constructed using Vensim software. Model testing, reward and punishment mechanism design and analysis of key parameters changes were carried out. The results show that the initial state of tripartite strategy choice is not conducive to the positive operation of reverse supply chain. The curve gradually fluctuates toward positive strategy side after the introduction of static reward and punishment mechanism, at which time the three parties show a cyclical behavior pattern. The dynamic reward and punishment mechanism can make consumers and almost 97% of the new energy vehicle manufacturers (NEVMs) participate in the environmental protection of power battery recycling, which has a better effect. In addition, the high cost of recycling will prevent a higher percentage of NEVMs from participating in supply chain construction. At the same time, the recycling price raised by private enterprises and small workshops is also one of the key factors that interfere with the participation of supply-side groups in formal recycling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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