This paper attempts to analyze the related factors of cervical cancer combined with immunotherapy, taking cervical cancer patients as the experimental object, through the establishment of cervical ...cancer model, combined with natural immune agonists, immune activated monoclonal antibody and HPV polypeptide to explore its prevention or treatment of cervical cancer immune research.The results showed that the number of people with bad habits was more, and the incidence rate of cervical cancer was relatively high. However, for those without formal work, the number of cases of bad sexual behavior is more, and HPV transmission is easier, which also provides convenience for the occurrence of cervical cancer. The mechanism of action of tumor therapeutic vaccine is different from that of cytotoxic drugs. Its particularity lies in that the induction of specific anti-tumor immune response needs a certain period of time before it can be transformed into clinical effect; and patients with recurrence or metastasis usually receive multiple rounds of treatment, which may affect the immune system and reduce the efficacy of the vaccine.
Atrazine has been used on Chinese farmlands for a long time and over a wide range. The concentration of atrazine (1.86–1100 mg kg−1) has exceeded the allowable limit in the soil (1.0 mg kg−1), and ...concern is increasing about the potential harm to farmland soil. Four treatments (AT0, AT6, AT10, AT16) were established to reveal the effects of the long-term application of atrazine on soil health. The results showed a nonlinear regulation of the atrazine residue concentrations in the four treatments. The highest concentration of atrazine residue was in AT6, at 167 mg kg−1, and the lowest concentration of atrazine residue was in AT16, at 102 mg kg−1, but there was no significant difference between AT10 and AT16. The soil urease activity decreased significantly with the increase in the years of atrazine application, the saccharase and cellulase activities in the AT6 were significantly higher than those observed in the other three treatments, the catalase activity gradually decreased with the increase in atrazine application years, and the activity in AT6 was significantly higher than that in AT16. A total of 238 genera were identified by Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and 28 dominant genera were screened. Atrazine significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and contributed to the relative abundance of Rubrobacter, Blastococcus, Promicromonospora, Jiangella, Psychroglaciecola and Acetobacteraceae_uncultured, which exhibited significantly higher abundance in AT16 than in AT0. Although there were atrazine-degrading bacteria in the soil, and the atrazine residue decreased with the increase in application years, the concentration of the atrazine residue was still nearly 100 times higher than the allowable limit in the soil, which is a great threat to the soil health.
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•The results show a non-linear regulation of atrazine residue concentration in the four treatments.•Atrazine can inhibit urease, saccharase and cellulase activities but stimulate catalase activity.•There are twenty-eight genera relevant to atrazine degradation.•Atrazine residue is the main factor affecting the relative abundance of the genera.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The south of western Qaidam Basin depositional environment was mainly a saline lacustrine basin in the Cenozoic. Great breakthroughs have been made in this area. Previous achievements indicated that ...saline environment improves the conversion rate of hydrocarbons, which was beneficial for hydrocarbon generation, but there is still not much research on the alteration of reservoirs in saline environment. This experiment simulates physical–chemical reflection between fluid and rock in geological conditions, and further study is made on the influence of saline water on reservoirs. By analysis of reservoir properties and capillary pressure alteration pre–post interaction, it is possible to study the negative effect that saline environment has on reservoirs. The mechanism is as below: The precipitation of saline minerals has negative effects on reservoir properties; the saline minerals occupied part of intergranular pore, which reduced reserve attributes; thinner pore throats are more easily blocked, which increases deviation of pore structure and permeability. The fluids of saline basin were rich in potassium ions, which have an inhibiting effect on dissolution of feldspathic, and are unfavorable for the formation of dissolved pores. The saline fluids contained a large number of potassium ions to provide material conditions for the reaction where the smectite and andreattite changed into illite. The higher ionic concentration of potassium ion, the more slender illite was generated. These slender minerals more easily blocked throats and pore, which in turn lowers the permeability of rock.
The history and results of petroleum exploration in the Santos Basin, Brazil are reviewed. The regularity of hydrocarbon enrichment and the key exploration technologies are summarized and analyzed ...using the seismic, gravity, magnetic and drilling data. It is proposed that the Santos Basin had a structural pattern of two uplifts and three depressions and the Aram-Uirapuru uplift belt controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation. It is believed that the main hydrocarbon source kitchen in the rift period controlled the hydrocarbon-enriched zones, paleo-structures controlled the scale and quality of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs, and continuous thick salt rocks controlled the hydrocarbon formation and preservation. The process and mechanism of reservoirs being transformed by CO2 charging were revealed. Five key exploration technologies were developed, including the variable-velocity mapping for layer-controlled facies-controlled pre-salt structures, the prediction of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs, the prediction of intrusive/effusive rock distribution, the detection of hydrocarbons in lacustrine carbonates, and the logging identification of supercritical CO2 fluid. These theoretical recognitions and exploration technologies have contributed to the discovery of deep-water super-large reservoirs under CNODC projects in Brazil, and will guide the further exploration of deep-water large reservoirs in the Santos Basin and other similar regions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A simple one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize interlayer-expanded molybdenum disulfide microflowers (E-MoS2) by increasing the proportion of thiourea in the reactant was proposed. In the ...method, ammonium thiocyanate, the product of thiourea conversion in hydrothermal reaction, is embedded into the interlayer of MoS2 formed in situ to expand the layer spacing, which avoids the complex synthesis process of traditional E-MoS2 and the introduction of foreign species and templates. The E-MoS2 reveals a small Tafel slope of 68.5 mV/dec and a low overpotential of 285 mV at -10 mA/cm2, markedly lower than those of initial MoS2 counterpart (122.2 mV/dec and 588 mV, respectively), indicating its excellent hydrogen evolution performance. Compared with the original MoS2, the enhanced hydrogen evolution performance of E-MoS2 can be attributed to the following reasons: the expansion of interlayer spacing optimizes the electronic structure of MoS2, thereby improving its conductivity and reducing the hydrogen adsorption free energy; the in situ intercalation of ammonium thiocyanate inhibits the growth and reduces the size of microflowers during the synthesis process, thus exposing more active sites for E-MoS2. Therefore, the E-MoS2 is expected to be a promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction.
China has abundant continental shale oil resources, and multiple shale oil exploration and development demonstration zones have been established, making it a key field for oil and gas exploration and ...development. However, drilling and fracturing treatment often encounter vertically interlaced and superimposed sandstone and shale reservoirs, which significantly affect the stability of the reservoir and the propagation of fractures. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the rock mechanics characteristics of sandstone-shale composite. Using the orthogonal experimental method for microscale parameter calibration, this study established the relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of sandstone-shale in the parallel bond model. The results of the orthogonal experimental scheme were analyzed using multi-factor variance analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the influence and ranking of each microscale parameter on the macroscopic parameters. Based on the results of uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments, the particle flow simulation of sandstone-shale composite rock samples was studied using the discrete element method. The study investigated the influence of the thickness ratio, combination form, and confining pressure of sandstone-shale on the mechanical properties of composite rock samples. The results showed that: (1) Under uniaxial loading conditions, for the combination form of sandstone on top and shale on the bottom (M-S type), the peak stress of the composite rock sample increased first and then decreased and then increased again with the increase of the thickness of sandstone; for the combination form of shale on top and sandstone on the bottom (S-M type), the peak stress of the composite sample decreased first and then increased and then decreased again with the increase of the thickness of shale. (2) After applying confining pressure, the compressive strength of the M-S type composite sample decreased with the increase of the thickness ratio of sandstone, while the compressive strength of the S-M type composite sample increased with the increase of the thickness ratio of shale as well as the compressive strength of the composite sample was lower than that of any complete rock sample. (3) Under uniaxial loading, the fracture mode of the composite sample was related to the combination form and the thickness ratio of different lithologies. For the M-S type sample, when the thickness ratio of sandstone was <30%, the sample was mainly fractured by tension, and when the thickness ratio of sandstone was >30%, it was mainly fractured by shear mode. For the S-M type sample, when the thickness ratio of shale was <70%, the sample had the most internal shear cracks, and when the thickness ratio of shale was >70%, it had the most tension cracks.
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•Compared with single lithology, the compressive strength of composite rock is lower•The failure mode is related to the thickness of each rock and combination mode•The compressive strength is related to the thickness of each rock and combination mode•Applies Discrete Element Method to reproduce composite rock's mechanical behavior•Applies orthogonal analysis to study micro parameters' impact on macro properties
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper tackles the issue of aperiodic sampled-data fault-tolerant consensus control in leader-following (LF) nonlinear multi-agent systems (NMASs) with generally uncertain semi-Markovian (GUSM) ...switching topologies by adopting the extended looped functional (ELF). The GUSM jumping process is employed to describe sudden changes in communication topologies among LF NMASs, and the fault-tolerant protocols are constructed to deal with actuator failures. To relax the positive definite conditions of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) matrices, the ELF is adopted to obtain the sampled-data fault-tolerant consensus criteria of the NMASs with GUSM switching topologies. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Continental shale oil is a new source of oil, and its formation and evolution mechanism is one of the most important scientific problems in its effective exploration and development. In this work, ...the hydrocarbon generation mechanism, occurrence of oil and gas, and pore structure characteristics were studied through a series of pyrolysis experiments using an improved closed experimental system, combined with chloroform extraction, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and computed tomography, for the continental Gulong Shales, Songliao Basin. The results show that hydrocarbon generation from organic matter of continental Gulong shale follows a sequential reaction model, with adsorbed oil as an “intermediate” at Ro of 0.9–1.1%. The free oil reaches the generation peak and begins to convert to natural gas, and the gas/oil ratio increases rapidly when Ro > 1.3%. These suggest that the favorable oil generation window for Gulong shale is that Ro is between 0.9 and 1.6%. With oil generation, the shale pore structure and permeability change with maturity accordingly. The corresponding Ro for rapid porosity and pore volume increase is 0.9–1.2%, while Ro is greater than 1.2% for rapid permeability change as a result of the large amount of adsorbed oil converting into free oil. It is found that hydrocarbon generation and pore-forming materials are mostly lamalginite and the organic-clay complex, and their volumes shrank while generating hydrocarbon, forming pores and fractures along the layers and “sponge-like” pores, respectively. When Ro > 1.2%, the shale oil generation peak, pore development peak, and overpressure evolution peak are coupled, providing favorable conditions for shale oil and gas enrichment in continental Gulong shale. These experimental findings mutually prove and confirm the practice of Gulong shale oil exploration, and it may have important theoretical and practical significance for continental shale oil exploration and discovery in other basins.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
•The Mo atoms were successfully doped into VS2 matrix for the first time.•The HER performance of VS2 was significantly enhanced after Mo doping.•Mo-doping can reduce the ΔGH of S site, and strengthen ...the basal activity of VS2.•The enhancement of the basal-plane activity is due to charge transfer mechanism.
We reportthe basal-plane catalytic reactivity of VS2 can be significantly enhanced by Mo doping for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our optimal experiments reveal that the Tafel slope and overpotential at −10 mA cm−2 of VS2 are reduced by 82.8% and 73.6% respectively after the Mo doping. Furthermore, the turnover frequency at 300 mV and electrochemical surface area of the optimal Mo-doped VS2 exhibit 19.2- and 27.2-fold enhancements compared with the pure VS2, together with significantly improved long-term cycle stability. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that Mo dopant reduces the hydrogen adsorption free energy on S sites, and consequently strengthens the basal-plane activity. We uncover a charge transfer mechanism from Mo to the outer surface of S atoms, leading to the enhancement of p-orbital density of states of S at Fermi level and thus far super HER performance. Our findings provide a promising route and theoretical framework to improve the electrocatalytic HER performance of VS2, and may have general implications to other transition metal disulfides.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Thick Fe901 coatings were prepared on Cr12MoV substrates using electromagnetic field (EMF)-assisted multi-layer laser cladding. The effect of the EMF on surface topography, microstructure, ...multi-layer strategy, phase composition, and wear resistance in the multi-layer laser cladding Fe901 coatings were investigated. The results indicate that the application of EMF decreased the number of defects in coatings produced with laser cladding. Dendrites or cellular crystals oriented perpendicular to the interface were observed in the coatings with and without EMF-assisted growth. The microstructure of the coating formed with the applied EMF gradually transitioned from columnar dendrites to fine dendrites and equiaxed dendrites as the number of cladding layers increased. The coatings with and without an applied EMF primarily contained α-(Fe), α-(Fe,Cr), (Cr,Fe)7C3, CrFeB and FeCrMo phases. The EMF did not affect the phase composition of the coatings, although the intensity of X-ray diffraction peaks from the coating produced in an EMF were changed from those in the coating produced without the field. In addition, the coating produced in the EMF exhibited higher fatigue and abrasion resistance. The coatings prepared in an EMF also displayed narrower, shallower wear tracks, with 78.2% lower mass loss than the conventional coating.
•Thick Fe901 coatings were prepared by electromagnetic field-assisted multi-layer laser cladding.•The effect of electromagnetic field on the multi-layer strategy of the coating was investigated.•The electromagnetic field was used to refine the microstructure of the coatings.•The wear resistance of Fe901 coating with an applied electromagnetic field was greatly increased.•Electromagnetic field had no effect on the wear mechanism of the coating.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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