Utilization of carbon dioxide from industrial waste streams offers significant reductions in global carbon dioxide emissions. Solid oxide electrolysis is a highly efficient, high temperature approach ...that reduces polarization losses and best utilizes process heat; however, the technology is relatively unrefined for currently carbon dioxide electrolysis. In most electrochemical systems, the interface between active components are usually of great importance in determining the performance and lifetime of any energy materials application. Here we report a generic approach of interface engineering to achieve active interfaces at nanoscale by a synergistic control of materials functions and interface architectures. We show that the redox-manipulated interfaces facilitate the atomic oxygen transfer from adsorbed carbon dioxide molecules to the cathode lattice that determines carbon dioxide electrolysis at elevated temperatures. The composite cathodes with in situ grown interfaces demonstrate significantly enhanced carbon dioxide electrolysis and improved durability.
Leveraging the extensive training data from SA-1B, the segment anything model (SAM) demonstrates remarkable generalization and zero-shot capabilities. However, as a category-agnostic instance ...segmentation method, SAM heavily relies on prior manual guidance, including points, boxes, and coarse-grained masks. Furthermore, its performance in remote sensing image segmentation tasks remains largely unexplored and unproven. In this article, we aim to develop an automated instance segmentation approach for remote sensing images based on the foundational SAM model and incorporating semantic category information. Drawing inspiration from prompt learning, we propose a method to learn the generation of appropriate prompts for SAM. This enables SAM to produce semantically discernible segmentation results for remote sensing images, a concept that we have termed RSPrompter. We also propose several ongoing derivatives for instance segmentation tasks, drawing on recent advancements within the SAM community, and compare their performance with RSPrompter. Extensive experimental results, derived from the WHU building dataset, the NWPU VHR-10 dataset, and the SAR Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD) dataset, validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The code for our method is publicly available at https://kychen.me/RSPrompter .
In this paper, highly flexible and compressible piezoresistive nanocomposites consisting of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are developed for sensing applications. Porous ...PDMS with a porosity of 74.7% is manufactured using sugar templates, and CNFs are infiltrated into the porous structures to tailor the material's electrical resistivity. The highly flexible pressure sensors show piezoresistive characteristics up to 70% compressive strains due to the conductive CNF network and the porous microstructures of the fabricated nanocomposites. The reorganization of CNF conductive network is characterized using in‐situ micromechanical tests within a scanning electron microscope, validating the piezoresistive sensing mechanism. The sensing performance under various maximum applied strains, elevated load rates, and long‐term repeatability is characterized. The developed porous nanocomposite sponge is employed as a tactile wearable sensor.
Highly flexible porous nanocomposites provide outstanding linear piezoresistive sensing function. Developed CNF/PDMS sponge is fully characterized to demonstrate the long term sensing performance under compressive load. In‐situ micromechanical testing reveals piezoresistive sensing mechanism, showing the reorganization of CNF conductive network during loading and unloading. The synthesized nanocomposites are employed for tactile sensing application.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT-1) alleviated ferroptosis through nuclear receptor coactivator 4 ...(NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy during diabetes myocardial (DM) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Rat DM + sham (DS), I/R, and DM + I/R (DIR), H9c2 cell high glucose (HG), hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R), and high-glucose hypoxia reoxygenation (HH/R) models were established. DNMT-1 inhibitor 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) was administered to rat and cell models. The protein level of DNMT-1, NCOA4, FTH, GPX4, Beclin-1, and P62 was detected by western blotting. Compared with normal sham (NS) group, myocardial tissue was injured in DS and I/R models. The level of DNMT-1, NCOA4, and ferroptosis was increased. Moreover, the cell injury was more serious in rat DIR or HH/R model. 5-Aza-CdR could reduce NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and myocardial injury in DIR and HH/R models. Moreover, the siRNA for NCOA4 could also reduce the level of ferritinophagy and cell injury in HH/R model. 5-Aza-CdR enhanced the protective effect for NCOA4-siRNA in the process of cell injury. Inhibition of DNMT-1 could reduce ferroptosis during DIR, which the NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy might be regulated.
Electric rubber tire container gantry cranes (ERTGs) have already been widely used to replace rubber tire container gantry cranes (RTGs) in many ports of the world, especially in China. ERTGs can ...reduce carbon dioxide emissions by shifting energy demand from diesel to electricity (energy replacement). It takes almost 6–12 months to change a RTG to an ERTG, and the changed yard cranes cannot work during the replacement phase due to the mechanical reformation and electrical power system construction etc. Therefore, the yard crane network will generate bottlenecks in the container flow and influence the service level when energy replacement happens. This paper focuses on the problem of allocating limited resources for yard cranes to reduce the carbon emissions. The main challenges are how to solve the energy replacement problem at a network level and how to cope with the high uncertainties in the container terminal transportation network. Therefore, we model the energy replacement problem with the purpose of minimizing the carbon emissions by combining an allocation resource mathematical model and a simulation model of the whole transportation network together. The first stage of the energy replacement problem is to make energy replacement decisions each year, while the second stage is to evaluate the value of a seaport's service level based on the realized decisions by running the simulation model. However, the service level indicator is a random variable dependent on the decisions in the mathematical model, which should be controlled to make the seaport work normally at a network level. As an example, the optimization and simulation procedures are applied to a major container terminal in China. The proposed model is general and can be applied to the energy replacement problem of any other seaport.
•This paper focuses on the problem of allocating limited resources for yard cranes to reduce the carbon emissions.•The problem is solved at a network level by using the service level of a seaport to present the performance of the port.•The service level index is a random variable dependent on the decisions in the mathematical model.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Due to essential differences in modeling and computation, the traditional sequential cross-entropy method that is greatly effective for generation systems may lose its effectiveness for composite ...systems. An enhanced sequential cross-entropy method for composite systems is presented to achieve the effectiveness. In the pre-sample stage, a sequential cross-entropy optimization algorithm rather than using a traditional non-sequential optimization algorithm is proposed so that the samples in this stage could also contribute to calculations of reliability indices. In the second stage, an accelerated contingency analysis is presented for further reducing computational burdens, in which a bisection optimization algorithm is used to rapidly identify failure system states. The new likelihood ratios, i.e., frequency likelihood ratio and duration likelihood ratio are developed, resulting in accurate corrections of loss of load frequency (LOLF), loss of load probability (LOLP), and expected energy not supplied (EENS) indices. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparisons between the proposed and traditional methods using several composite power systems, including the IEEE RTS-79, a modified IEEE RTS-79, and the IEEE RTS-96.
Failure probability of system components may vary with the changes of weather, environment and other operation conditions. The time-varying or condition-based failure probability can be represented ...using a fuzzy model. Based on credibility theory, this paper presents a novel operation risk assessment method to handle the two-fold uncertainty combining randomness and fuzziness in power system operations. In the proposed method, a random fuzzy model is developed to accommodate impacts due to various operation conditions and other factors on the failure probability of system components. The WECC nine-bus system, IEEE 14-bus system and an actual power system in Northeast China were used to demonstrate feasibility and applicability of the presented method. The operation risk assessment module using the proposed method has been embedded in the EMS system in a district control center of a power company to perform real-time operation risk assessment.
Spray tip penetration is one of the important characteristics for optimizing an engine combustion system. The conventional penetration models proposed so far have not considered cyclic variations of ...spray. The spray cyclic variation, however, is an inherent feature of a spray injected into turbulent ambient gas at a high speed. In this work, in order to study the effects of cyclic variations in spray structure on spray tip penetration, the liquid phase distributions of diesel sprays were measured 36 times (cycles) for each condition of injection pressure and ambient density at a constant volume chamber with wide optical windows. The experimental results were analyzed through such statistical methods as Probability Presence Image (PPI) and Intersection over Union (IoU). It was found that the spray cyclic variation gradually increased with time after start of injection and became obviously large at the late stage. This cyclic variation in spray structure might cause variation up to ±9% in spray tip penetration. A spray tip penetration model was developed by introducing a factor to consider the effect of spray cyclic variation. The factor of cyclic variation (f) and the presence probability (PP) could be correlated through experiments and expressed by a cubic polynomial function.
•Spray variations throughout development have been investigated experimentally.•Probability Presence Image (PPI) and Intersection over Union (IoU) were adopted.•Spray variations increase with time, causing penetration to fluctuate up to ±9%.•A new concept of penetration (Spp>x) has been proposed.•A spray penetration model considering spray variations has been newly proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present 22,901 OB spectra of 16,032 stars identified from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope data release 5 data set. A larger sample of OB candidates are first selected ...from the distributions in the spectral line indices' space. Then, all 22,901 OB spectra are identified by manual inspection. Based on a subsample validation, we find that the completeness of the OB spectra reaches about 89 22% for the stars with spectral types earlier than B7, while around 57 16% B8-B9 stars are identified. The smaller completeness for late B stars will lead to the difficulty in discriminating them from A0-A1-type stars. The subclasses of the OB samples are determined using the software package MKCLASS. With a careful validation using 646 subsamples, we find that MKCLASS can give fairly reliable subtypes and luminosity classes for most of the OB stars. The uncertainty of the spectral subtype is around 1 subtype, and the uncertainty of the luminosity class is around 1 level. However, about 40% of the OB stars fail to be assigned to any class by MKCLASS, and a few spectra are significantly misclassified by MKCLASS. This is likely because the template spectra of MKCLASS are selected from nearby stars in the solar neighborhood, while the OB stars in this work are mostly located in the outer disk and may have lower metallicities. The rotation of the OB stars may also be responsible for the misclassifications. Moreover, we find that the spectral and luminosity classes of the OB stars located in the Galactic latitude larger than 20° are substantially different with those located in the latitude smaller than 20°, which may either be due to the observational selection effect or may hint a different origin of the high Galactic latitude OB stars.
Medical security support for rehabilitation therapy in China is different from that in other countries. We investigated whether the discharge plan to continue rehabilitation therapy in tertiary ...hospitals for patients after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) was influenced by payment sources or other conditions. This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Information was collected on the general condition, caregiver, types of payment sources for continued rehabilitation, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) scores, and discharge plans. In total, 135 patients with TSCI (107 male, mean age 41.00 ± 13.73 years, mean spinal cord injury duration 238.43 ± 345.54 days) were enrolled. Medical insurance (43%) and out-of-pocket payments (27.4%) were the primary payment sources. Although most patients were beyond the acute phase, 40% continued rehabilitation therapy at other tertiary hospitals. The caregiver, payment sources, injury level, AIS level, and complete urinary tract infection (UTI) were different due to discharge plans (
> .05). Patients seemingly consider a higher AIS level and co-UTI as the requirement for tertiary hospital therapy. In non-medical insurance payment source patients, the discharge plan also differed due to the AIS level and co-UTI (
> .05). However, in medical insurance patients, the discharge plan differed only in terms of TSCI duration (
> .05). The restricted duration of medical coverage restricted the continuation of rehabilitation therapy and influenced the discharge plan of most patients with TSCI.
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