Herein, an anionic metal-organic framework, formulated as {Zn
3
(OH)(bmipia)(H
2
O)
3
4
·Zn(H
2
O)6.5
2
}
n
(
FCS-3
), was prepared from zinc ions and semi-rigid carboxylate ligands of 5-
N
,
N
...-bis(5-methylisophthalic acid)amion isophthalic acid (H
6
bmipia) and was employed as a unique fluorescence turn-on chemical sensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of various antibiotics in the aqueous phase.
Fabrication and engineering of an anionic metal-organic framework as a unique turn-on fluorescent chemical sensor for the ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotics.
Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling (IIS) is known to constrain longevity by inhibiting the transcription factor FOXO. How phosphorylation mediated by IIS kinases regulates lifespan beyond FOXO remains unclear. ...Here, we profile IIS-dependent phosphorylation changes in a large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of wild-type and three IIS mutant Caenorhabditis elegans strains. We quantify more than 15,000 phosphosites and find that 476 of these are differentially phosphorylated in the long-lived daf-2/insulin receptor mutant. We develop a machine learning-based method to prioritize 25 potential lifespan-related phosphosites. We perform validations to show that AKT-1 pT492 inhibits DAF-16/FOXO and compensates the loss of daf-2 function, that EIF-2α pS49 potently inhibits protein synthesis and daf-2 longevity, and that reduced phosphorylation of multiple germline proteins apparently transmits reduced DAF-2 signaling to the soma. In addition, an analysis of kinases with enriched substrates detects that casein kinase 2 (CK2) subunits negatively regulate lifespan. Our study reveals detailed functional insights into longevity.
As a renewable and abundant C1 resource possessing multiple attractive characteristics, such as low cost, nontoxicity, non‐flammability, and easy accessibility, CO2 conversion into value‐added ...chemicals and fuels can contribute to green chemistry and sustainable development. Since CO2 is a thermodynamically inert molecule, the activation of CO2 is pivotal for its effective conversion. In this regard, the formation of a transition‐metal CO2 complex through direct coordination is one of the most powerful ways to induce the inert CO2 molecule to undergo chemical reactions. To date, numerous processes have been developed for efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2. On the basis of mechanistic understanding, we have developed efficient metal catalysts and green processes, including heterogeneous catalysis, and metal‐free systems, such as ionic liquids, for cyclic carbonate synthesis. The big challenge is to develop catalysts that promote the reaction under low pressure (preferably at 1 bar). In this context, bifunctional catalysis is capable of synergistic activation of both the substrate and CO2 molecule, and thus, could render CO2 conversion smoothly under mild conditions. Alternatively, converting CO2 derivatives, that is, the captured CO2 as an activated species, would more easily take place at low pressure in comparison with gaseous CO2. The aim of this Personal Account is to summarize versatile catalytic processes for cyclic carbonate synthesis from CO2, including epoxide/CO2 coupling reaction, carboxylation of 1,2‐diol with CO2, oxidative cyclization of olefins with CO2, condensation of vicinal halohydrin with CO2, carboxylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols with CO2, and conversion of the CO2 derivatives.
Carbon traps: As a renewable and abundant C1 resource, CO2 conversion into chemicals and fuels can contribute to sustainable development. CO2 is a thermodynamically inert molecule, so activation is pivotal for its effective conversion at low pressure. The formation of the transition‐metal CO2 complex is one of the most powerful ways to induce the inert CO2 molecule to undergo chemical reactions. Thus, efficient bifunctional metal catalysts and green processes for cyclic carbonate synthesis from CO2 have been developed and are summarized herein.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) caused by ischemic stroke treatments leads to brain injury, and autophagy plays a role in the pathology. Astragaloside IV is a potential neuroprotectant, but its underlying ...mechanism on cerebral I/R injury needs to be explored. The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of Astragaloside IV against cerebral I/R injury.
Middle cerebral artery occlusion method (MCAO) and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) method were used to simulate cerebral I/R injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and HT22 cells, respectively. The neurological score, 2,3,5-Triphe-nyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and transmission electron microscope were used to detect cerebral damage in SD rats. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assay were tested in vitro. Fluorescent staining and flow cytometry were applied to detect the level of apoptosis. Western blotting was conducted to examine the expression of proteins associated with autophagy.
This study found that Astragaloside IV could decrease the neurological score, reduce the infarct volume in the brain, and alleviate cerebral I/R injury in MCAO rats. Astragaloside IV promoted cell viability and balanced Bcl-2 and Bax expression in vitro, reduced the rate of apoptosis, decreased the expression of P62, and increased the expression of LC3II/LC3I in HT22 cells after OGD/R.
These data suggested that Astragaloside IV plays a neuroprotective role by down-regulating apoptosis by promoting the degree of autophagy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
3D hydrogel structures fabricated by two‐photon polymerization (TPP) have become attractive in biomedical fields. Generally, conventional organic solvents are toxic and the residues left in ...the fabricated 3D structures are harmful to cells. Hence, anion ionic carbazole‐based water‐soluble two‐photon initiator (TPI) 3,6‐bis2‐(1‐methylpyridinium)vinyl‐9‐methylcarbazole ditosylate (BT) is proposed to construct arbitrary 3D hydrogel structures. Cucurbit7uril (CB7) and BT form a host‐guest complex (CB7/BT) with a binding ratio of 1:1, which further improves the water solubility, biocompatibility and nonlinear absorption property of TPI. A water‐soluble photoresist consisting of photoinitiator CB7/BT and monomer poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate is prepared to explore the TPP fabrication capacity. The electron paramagnetic resonance measurement shows that CB7/BT initiates photopolymerization by alkyl radicals. The laser threshold power of the photoresist is 6.3 mW and the feature size is 127 nm in TPP at 780 nm. The initiator with
p
‐toluenesulfonate anion exhibits higher binding energy, larger two‐photon absorption cross‐section and two‐photon fabrication resolution compared with the previous work using iodide as an anion, indicating a promising way to improve the fabrication capacity of water‐soluble TPI through changing the anion ionic group. The proposed strategy will provide high potential for the further application in the biomedical field.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
It's critically important to construct arbitrary inorganic features with high resolution. As an inorganic photoresist, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) has been patterned by irradiation sources with ...short wavelength, such as EUV and electron beam. However, the fabrication of three- dimensional nanoscale HSQ features utilizing infrared light sources is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) of HSQ through multi-photon absorption process. 26 nm feature size is achieved by using 780 nm fs laser, indicating super-diffraction limit photolithography of λ/30 for HSQ. HSQ microstructures by FsLDW possess nanoscale resolution, smooth surface, and thermal stability up to 600 °C. Furthermore, we perform FsLDW of HSQ to construct structural colour and Fresnel lens with desirable optical properties, thermal and chemical resistance. This study demonstrates that inorganic features can be flexibly achieved by FsLDW of HSQ, which would be prospective for fabricating micro-nano devices requiring nanoscale resolution, thermal and chemical resistance.
TRP channels of intracellular membranes Dong, Xian-Ping; Wang, Xiang; Xu, Haoxing
Journal of neurochemistry,
April 2010, Volume:
113, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 313-328. Ion channels are classically understood to regulate the flux of ions across the plasma membrane in response to a variety of environmental and intracellular cues. ...Ion channels serve a number of functions in intracellular membranes as well. These channels may be temporarily localized to intracellular membranes as a function of their biosynthetic or secretory pathways, i.e., en route to their destination location. Intracellular membrane ion channels may also be located in the endocytic pathways, either being recycled back to the plasma membrane or targeted to the lysosome for degradation. Several channels do participate in intracellular signal transduction; the most well known example is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP₃R) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Some organellar intracellular membrane channels are required for the ionic homeostasis of their residing organelles. Several newly-discovered intracellular membrane Ca²⁺ channels actually play active roles in membrane trafficking. Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a superfamily (28 members in mammal) of Ca²⁺-permeable channels with diverse tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and physiological functions. Almost all mammalian TRP channels studied thus far, like their ancestor yeast TRP channel (TRPY1) that localizes to the vacuole compartment, are also (in addition to their plasma membrane localization) found to be localized to intracellular membranes. Accumulated evidence suggests that intracellularly-localized TRP channels actively participate in regulating membrane traffic, signal transduction, and vesicular ion homeostasis. This review aims to provide a summary of these recent works. The discussion will also be extended to the basic membrane and electrical properties of the TRP-residing compartments.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Efficient conversion of CO2 into fuels and chemicals with solar energy would be promising, but also faces great challenge. In this context, we describe the photoreductive functionalization of CO2 to ...construct new C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds through the respective Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki carbonylation, aminocarbonylation, and alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides with CO in situ generated through the photoreduction of CO2. This protocol opens up an alternative avenue for CO2 utilization by harnessing solar energy.
Light it up: Photoreductive functionalization of CO2 combines the reduction of CO2 to CO with subsequent carbonylation to afford value‐added chemicals through new C−C/C−N/C−O bond formations. This work constitutes a great step toward the incorporation of solar energy in the production of chemicals through CO2 valorization.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
G9a, a H3K9 methyltransferase, shows elevated expression in many types of human cancers, particularly breast cancer. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of G9a is still far from clear. Here we report ...that G9a exerts its oncogenic function in breast cancer by repressing hephaestin and destruction cellular iron homeostasis. In the case of pharmacological inhibition or short hairpin RNA interference-mediated suppression of G9a, the expression and activity of hephaestin increases, leading to the observed decrease of intracellular labile iron content and the disturbance of breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We also provide evidence that G9a interacts with HDAC1 and YY1 to form a multi-molecular complex that contributes to hephaestin silencing. Furthermore, high G9a expression and low hephaestin expression correlate with poor survival of breast cancer are investigated. All these suggest a G9a-dependent epigenetic program in the control of iron homeostasis and tumor growth in breast cancer.G9a is a histone methyltransferase highly expressed in several cancers including breast cancer. Here the authors propose a mechanism through which G9a promotes breast cancer by regulating iron metabolism through the repression of ferroxidase hephaestin.
Background
The aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is found in various types of cancers and also showed its association with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). We ...found lncRNA COL1A1-014 was frequently upregulated in GC.
Methods
This study investigated COL1A1-014 for its biological function at both cellular and animal levels, using MTT, flow cytometry, colony formation and transwell assays. The expression levels of COL1A1-014 and other genes were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the potential binding of miR-1273h-5p to COL1A1-014 and CXCL12.
Results
We found that COL1A1-014 was frequently upregulated in GC tissues as well as cells. COL1A1-014 increased cell proliferation, colony forming efficiency, migration ability, invasion ability, and weight and volume of grafted tumors, while reduced cell apoptosis. Overexpression of COL1A1-014 increased the mRNA expression of chemokine (CXCmotif) ligand (CXCL12) and high levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 proteins in GC cells. The levels of miR-1273h-5p showed an inverse correlation with COL1A1-014 and CXCL12 in GC cells transfected with miR-1273h-5p. The mRNAs of wild-type COL1A1-014 and CXCL12 showed reduction in HEK293 cells transfected with miR-1273h-5p. This suggested that COL1A1-014 functions as an efficient miR-1273h-5p sponge and as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate CXCL12. The proliferative activity of COL1A1-014 on GC cells was blocked by CXCL12-CXCR4 axis inhibitor AMD-3100.
Conclusions
These findings demonstrated that COL1A1-014 play an important regulatory role in GC development by functioning as a ceRNA in regulating the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis via sponging miR-1273h-5p.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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