Background Tolerating higher partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in mechanically ventilated extremely low birthweight infants to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury may have long-term ...neurodevelopmental side effects. This study analyses the results of neurodevelopmental follow-up of infants enrolled in a randomised multicentre trial. Methods Infants (n=359) between 400 and 1000 g birth weight and 23 0/7 - 286/7 weeks gestational age who required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation within 24 hours of birth were randomly assigned to high PCO2 or to a control group with mildly elevated PCO2 targets. Neurodevelopmental follow-up examinations were available for 85% of enrolled infants using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Child Development Inventory (CDI). Results There were no differences in body weight, length and head circumference between the two PCO2 target groups. Median Mental Developmental Index (MDI) values were 82 (60-96, high target) and 84 (58-96, p=0.79). Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) values were 84 (57-100) and 84 (65-96, p=0.73), respectively. Moreover, there was no difference in the number of infants with MDI or PDI <70 or <85 and the number of infants with a combined outcome of death or MDI<70 and death or PDI<70. No differences were found between results for GMFCS and CDI. The risk factors for MDI<70 or PDI<70 were intracranial haemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotising enterocolitis and hydrocortisone treatment. Conclusions A higher PCO2 target did not influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in mechanically ventilated extremely preterm infants. Adjusting PCO2 targets to optimise short-term outcomes is a safe option.
On realistic network topologies for simulation Heckmann, Oliver; Piringer, Michael; Schmitt, Jens ...
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research,
2003
Conference Proceeding
Simulations are an important tool in network research. As the selected topology often influences the outcome of the simulation, realistic topologies are needed to produce realistic simulation ...results. We first discuss the different types of topologies and present our collection of real-world topologies that can be used for simulation. We then define several similarity metrics to compare artificially generated topologies with real world topologies. We use them to find out what the input parameter range of the topology generators of BRITE, TIERS and GTITM are to create realistic topologies. These parameters can act as a valuable starting point for researchers that have to generate artificial topologies.
Eine Kombination aus analytischen Methoden und Molecular‐Modeling‐Rechnungen ergibt ein detailliertes Bild der supramolekularen und mikroskopischen Struktur ausgefällter lipophiler Carotinoide. Die ...Nanopartikel sind aus einem Kern und einer Schale aufgebaut (siehe schematische Darstellung), wobei der Kern (120 nm) aus einer Vielzahl molekularer Aggregate unterschiedlicher Größe besteht und die Schale (40 nm) aus einer adsorbierten Gelatineschicht.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper we report the results of our research on learning and developing cognitive systems. The results are integrated into ALIS 3, our Autonomous Learning and Interacting System version 3 ...realized the humanoid robot ASIMO. The results presented address crucial issues in autonomously acquiring mental concepts in artifacts. The major contributions are the following: We researched distributed learning in various modalities in which the local learning decisions mutually support each other. Associations between the different modalities (speech, vision, behavior) are learnt online, thus addressing the issue of grounding semantics. The data from the different modalities is uniformly represented in a hybrid data representation for global decisions and local novelty detection. On the behavior generation side proximity sensor driven reflexive grasping and releasing have been integrated with a planning approach based on whole body motion control. The feasibility of the chosen approach is demonstrated in interactive experiments with the integrated system. The system interactively learns visually defined classes like ¿left¿, ¿right¿, ¿up¿, ¿down¿, ¿large¿, ¿small¿, learns corresponding auditory labels and creates associations linking the auditory labels to the visually defined classes or basic behaviors for building internal concepts.
The manufacturing process of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) generally takes place under climate control, as the base material used for membranes is well known for its hygroscopic properties. The ...large climate-controlled area for the whole assembly line does not only increase energy consumption, but also limits the further scalability of the production line. Within this article, a micro-environment concept for the MEA production based on a roll-to-roll (R2R) process was investigated. By using the Finite Element Method, a 3D numerical model has been established, in which the local climate control on different MEA production processes is covered. In particular, the influence of humidity on dimensional changes of the CCM, which in turn cause product deformation, is simulated. In addition, a gravimetric method was used to experimentally investigate the moisture absorption and release behavior of the MEA components under defined climatic conditions.
PDF
