•The present study aimed to investigate the infection of rodents, as potential reservoirs of tularemia in Iran.•The most frequent trapped species belonged to Meriones persicus (75.5%).•The tube ...agglutination test was performed on rodent serum, and three out of 407 serum samples were positive (0.74%) for Francisella tularensis.•Five out of 433 (1.15%) extracted DNA samples were PCR positive (1.15%).•Considering that all the seropositive rodents belonged to jirds, which are widespread in the Iranian Plateau, the risk of human infections acquired from these animals is high in the studied region.
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease, the most important hosts of which are rodents. Endemic regions and reservoirs of F. tularensis are not well-researched areas in Iran. The present study aimed to study F. tularensis infection in the rodent populations of western Iran.
Samples were collected in different areas of Kabudar Ahang County in Hamadan province (west of Iran) from 2014 to 2017. Tularemia serological and molecular tests were conducted using the tube agglutination test and Real-time PCR method tracking the ISFtu2 gene. Positive serum samples were evaluated for cross-reactivity with brucellosis.
A total of 433 rodents, collected from 33 localities, were included in the study. The most abundant species belonged to the Persian jird (Meriones persicus; 75.5%), and Libyan jird (Meriones libycus; 10.1%). Among the studied samples, three (0.74 %) were seropositive and five (1.15%) were PCR positive. Seropositive samples were two M. persicus and one M. libycus, and PCR positive rodents were four M. persicus and one M. vinogradovi. Tularemia seropositive samples showed no cross-reactivity with brucellosis.
Given the presence of infection in rodents with tularemia agent in the studied area, it is crucial to elucidate the risks of rodent exposure to tularemia for physicians, health personnel and the general population.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Three 20-day-old female Cashmere (Raini) goat kids were presented in a sternal recumbency status with 3 weeks history of bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, anorexia, lethargy, and jugular ...distention hemato-biochemical profile showed leukocytosis (monocytosis, neutrophilia with bandemia) and a significant increase (
p
< 0.05) in the serum concentrations of total protein and fibrinogen. The goats died 1 week after treatment because of the severity of the disease. At necropsy, multiple pyogenic abscesses in the liver, myocardial abscesses, and fibrous pleural adhesions were observed. Histopathological examination revealed supportive hepatitis, formation of granulation tissue in the epicardial and myocardial layer of the heart and chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with granulation tissue in the pleura. In bacteriological examination,
Trueperella pyogenes
(
T. pyogenes
) was isolated from the abscess and confirmed by PCR. The isolated bacteria showed the most susceptibility to the cefotaxime and the less susceptibility to oxytetracycline and gentamycin. Overall, this is the first report, which offered this bacterium as a causative agent of the wide ranges of pathological conditions in Cashmere goats. Suitable antimicrobial therapy of which the Clinician should be aware.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Biofilms are community of bacteria that attach to inanimate surfaces or living tissues via production of extracellular polymers and exopolysaccharide ...matrix. Microbial biofilms on various surfaces of the hospital environment are considered as a reservoir of infection spread. The present study aimed to evaluate the disinfecting effect of benzalkonium chloride on some bacterial isolates causing nosocomial infections. Methods: First, 13 isolates from four bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The samples were transferred to Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University for testing. Evaluation of biofilm formation and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the disinfectant and effect of the disinfectant on planktonic growth and biofilm formation were performed. Results: All bacterial isolates (52 cases) produced biofilm. Mean MIC of benzalkonium chloride for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter was 0.14, 0.2, 0.18, 0.17 g/ml, respectively. Planktonic growth of all four bacteria was inhibited at concentrations of 2MIC, MIC and 1/2MIC. Biofilm was not produced in MIC and 2MIC concentrations, and biofilm formation capability increased by reducing the concentration of benzalkonium chloride. Conclusion: The results show that the use of appropriate concentration of benzalkonium chloride can prevent the growth of different bacterial species, but sub-MIC dose of this disinfectant may stimulate biofilm formation. Keywords: Biofilm, Benzalkonium Chloride, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Resistance toward quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) is widespread among a diverse range of microorganisms and is facilitated by several mechanisms such as biofilm formation.
In this study, the ...effects of benzalkonium chloride on planktonic growth and biofilm formation by some field isolates of animal bacterial pathogens were investigated.
Forty clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (10 isolates of each) were examined for effects of benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation and planktonic growth using microtiter plates. For all the examined strains in the presence of benzalkonium chloride, biofilm development and planktonic growth were affected at the same concentrations of disinfectant.
The means of strains growth increase after the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were significant in all the bacteria (except for E. coli in 1/32 and S. agalactiae in of 1/8 MIC). Biofilm formation increased with decrease of antiseptics concentration; a significant increase was found in all the samples. The most turbidity related to S. aureus and the least to Salmonella.
Bacterial resistance against quaternary ammonium compounds is increasing which can increase the bacterial biofilm formation.
Introduction: Biofilms are population of bacteria cells that cause irreversible binding to the surfaces by producing extracellular polymers. Biofilm formation in bacteria causes resistance to ...antimicrobial agents and can lead to severe problems in this ground. Materials and methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation in some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 case), Staphylococcus aureus (13 case), Enterobacter (13 case) and Acinetobacter (13 case) which were collected from human infections of Alzahra hospital in Isfahan. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine and its impact on the growth of planktonic and biofilm formation for these isolates were determined. Statistical analysis and graphing have been carried out by using SPSS software (version 20) and Excel. Results: All isolates (52 isolates) have produced biofilm. The mean of MIC of chlorehexidine antiseptic for the p.aeruginosa, S.aureus, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter were 0/001, 0/00013, 0/001, 0/0003 g/ml respectively. Planktonic bacterial growth inhibition from p.aeruginosa and Enterobacter in 1/4 MIC and 1/8 MIC respectively was seen in 40 and 60 % cases. Acinetobacter and Staphylobacter aureus, have been controlled in 40 % of cases in 1/4 MIC and 60 % of cases in 1/8 MIC. Biofilm has not been produced in any of MIC and 2MIC dilution, and the power of biofilm formation had been increased significantly by reducing concentration of chlorhexidine dilution. Discussion and conclusion: The results indicate that the use of chlorhexidine in appropriate concentrations (MIC) can prevent bacterial growth and biofilm formation in different species causing hospital infections, but doses of chlorhexidine that are less than the MIC can stimulate biofilm formation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions in recent years. There is little information on dengue fever epidemiology in Iran. High prevalence of ...dengue fever in Pakistan bordering southeast Iran emphasizes the need for paying more attention to monitoring of the disease in this region. The aim of this study was to study the dengue fever seropositivity among adult febrile patients in southeast Iran. Methods:Dengue fever virus specific IgG antibodies were measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera of 184 patients. Results: All examined sera were negative. Conclusions:The existence of dengue fever in eastern borders of Iran and tracking the virus vectors in the southeast Iran can be a treat for the circulation of the virus in Iran; however, we did not find any track of the seropositivity in this study and despite the high prevalence of dengue fever in Pakistan bordering southeast Iran, no dengue positive cases were found in this study. This epidemiological research is significant for local health authorities.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common and deadly cancers. Intestinal gut microflora is important to maintain and contributes to several intestinal functions, including the ...development of the mucosal immune system, absorption of complex macromolecules, synthesis of amino acids/vitamins and the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. It is well known that the gut microbiota changes or dysbiosis may have an essential impact in the initiation and promotion of chronic inflammatory pathways and also have a profound different genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to dysplasia, clonal expansion, and malignant transformation. Probiotic bacteria has antitumor activity with various mechanisms such as nonspecific physiological and immunological mechanisms. This review evaluates the effects of microbiota and probiotics in clinical trials, in vitro and animal model studies that have explored how probiotic against cancer development and also discusses the possible immunomodulatory mechanisms. Several mechanisms alteration of the intestinal microflora; inactivation of cancerogenic compounds; competition with putrefactive and pathogenic microbiota; improvement of the host's immune response; antiproliferative effects via regulation of apoptosis and cell differentiation; fermentation of undigested food; inhibition of tyrosine kinase; reduces the enteropathogenic complications before and after colon cancer surgery and improve diarrhea and it's have been able to create the integrity of gut mucosal and have stimulatory effects on the systemic immune system and prevent the CRC metastasis. Research in clinical trials encouraging findings that support a role of probiotics in CRC prevention and improve the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy even though additional clinical research is still necessary.
Several mechanisms alteration of the intestinal microflora; inactivation of cancerogenic compounds; competition with putrefactive and pathogenic microbiota; improvement of the host's immune response; antiproliferative effects via regulation of apoptosis and cell differentiation; fermentation of undigested food; inhibition of tyrosine kinase; reduces the enteropathogenic complications before and after colon cancer surgery and improve diarrhea and it's; have been able to create the integrity of gut mucosal and have stimulatory effects on the systemic immune system and prevent the CRC metastasis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The current study was conducted to investigate the antigenic effect of
on the treatment of asthma by measuring the secreted inhibitory cytokine.
Case patients and controls were selected from clinics ...in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran in 2017-18. In this experimental study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 15 patients with asthma and 10 healthy controls and were cultured. PBMCs were then converted to tolerogenic DCs through exposure to GM-CSF, IL-4 and
antigen. Then, tolerogenic DCs were exposed to autologous T cells for five days and finally, the level of secreted TGF-β1 was measured.
The mean TGF-β1 level in the control and control groups was 210.2 ± 8.2 and 225.4 ± 6.1 pq/ml, respectively. The results showed that TGF-β1 levels in both groups significantly increased in both groups (
<0.001). In addition, TGF-β1 levels in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (
<0.001).
antigen increase the level of TGF-β1 and can create antigen-bearing dendritic cells and shift T lymphocytes to the regulatory type. This parasite can be used in dendritic cell therapy to control allergic diseases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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