We present NASA Van Allen Probes observations of wave‐particle interactions between magnetospheric ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves and energetic electrons (20–500 keV) on 31 October 2012. The ULF ...waves are identified as the fundamental poloidal mode oscillation and are excited following an interplanetary shock impact on the magnetosphere. Large amplitude modulations in energetic electron flux are observed at the same period (≈ 3 min) as the ULF waves and are consistent with a drift‐resonant interaction. The azimuthal mode number of the interacting wave is estimated from the electron measurements to be ~40, based on an assumed symmetric drift resonance. The drift‐resonant interaction is observed to be localized and occur over 5–6 wave cycles, demonstrating peak electron flux modulations at energies ~60 keV. Our observation clearly shows electron drift resonance with the fundamental poloidal mode, the energy dependence of the amplitude and phase of the electron flux modulations providing strong evidence for such an interaction. Significantly, the observation highlights the importance of localized wave‐particle interactions for understanding energetic particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere, through the intermediary of ULF waves.
Key Points
First conclusive evidence of electron drift‐resonance with poloidal ULF waves.
First to show the energy dependence to the amplitude/phase expected from theory.
Observation shows the drift‐resonant interaction occurs over a localized region.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the analysis of OGLE-2016-BLG-0613, for which the lensing light curve appears to be that of a typical binary-lens event with two caustic spikes but with a discontinuous feature on the ...trough between the spikes. We find that the discontinuous feature was produced by a planetary companion to the binary lens. We find four degenerate triple-lens solution classes, each composed of a pair of solutions according to the well-known wide/close planetary degeneracy. One of these solution classes is excluded due to its relatively poor fit. For the remaining three pairs of solutions, the most-likely primary mass is about , while the planet is a super Jupiter. In all cases, the system lies in the Galactic disk, about halfway toward the Galactic bulge. However, in one of these three solution classes, the secondary of the binary system is a low-mass brown dwarf, with relative mass ratios (1:0.03:0.003), while in the two others the masses of the binary components are comparable. These two possibilities can be distinguished in about 2024 when the measured lens-source relative proper motion will permit separate resolution of the lens and source.
Pericytes are periendothelial mesenchymal cells residing within the microvasculature. Skeletal muscle and cardiac pericytes are now recognized to fulfill an increasing number of functions in normal ...tissue homeostasis, including contributing to microvascular function by maintaining vessel stability and regulating capillary flow. In the setting of muscle injury, pericytes contribute to a regenerative microenvironment through release of trophic factors and by modulating local immune responses. In skeletal muscle, pericytes also directly enhance tissue healing by differentiating into myofibers. Conversely, pericytes have also been implicated in the development of disease states, including fibrosis, heterotopic ossication and calcification, atherosclerosis, and tumor angiogenesis. Despite increased recognition of pericyte heterogeneity, it is not yet clear whether specific subsets of pericytes are responsible for individual functions in skeletal and cardiac muscle homeostasis and disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Surgical site infection (SSI) after segmental endoprosthetic reconstruction in patients treated for oncologic conditions remains both a devastating and a common complication. The goal of the present ...study was to identify variables associated with the success or failure of treatment of early SSI following the treatment of a primary bone tumor with use of a segmental endoprosthesis.
The present study used the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) data set to identify patients who had been diagnosed with an SSI after undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction of a lower extremity primary bone tumor. The primary outcome of interest in the present study was a dichotomous variable: the success or failure of infection treatment. We defined failure as the inability to eradicate the infection, which we considered as an outcome of amputation or limb retention with chronic antibiotic suppression (>90 days or ongoing therapy at the conclusion of the study). Multivariable models were created with covariates of interest for each of the following: surgery characteristics, cancer treatment-related characteristics, and tumor characteristics. Multivariable testing included variables selected on the basis of known associations with infection or results of the univariable tests.
Of the 96 patients who were diagnosed with an SSI, 27 (28%) had successful eradication of the infection and 69 had treatment failure. Baseline and index procedure variables showing significant association with SSI treatment outcome were moderate/large amounts of fascial excision ≥1 cm2) (OR, 10.21 95% CI, 2.65 to 46.21; p = 0.001), use of local muscle/skin graft (OR,11.88 95% CI, 1.83 to 245.83; p = 0.031), and use of a deep Hemovac (OR, 0.24 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.85; p = 0.041). In the final multivariable model, excision of fascia during primary tumor resection was the only variable with a significant association with treatment outcome (OR, 10.21 95% CI, 2.65 to 46.21; p = 0.018).
The results of this secondary analysis of the PARITY trial data provide further insight into the patient-, disease-, and treatment-specific associations with SSI treatment outcomes, which may help to inform decision-making and management of SSI in patients who have undergone segmental bone reconstruction of the femur or tibia for oncologic indications.
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
We report the discovery of a microlensing planet-MOA-2016-BLG-227Lb-with a large planet/host mass ratio of q 9 × 10−3. This event was located near the K2 Campaign 9 field that was observed by a large ...number of telescopes. As a result, the event was in the microlensing survey area of a number of these telescopes, and this enabled good coverage of the planetary light-curve signal. High angular resolution adaptive optics images from the Keck telescope reveal excess flux at the position of the source above the flux of the source star, as indicated by the light-curve model. This excess flux could be due to the lens star, but it could also be due to a companion to the source or lens star, or even an unrelated star. We consider all these possibilities in a Bayesian analysis in the context of a standard Galactic model. Our analysis indicates that it is unlikely that a large fraction of the excess flux comes from the lens, unless solar-type stars are much more likely to host planets of this mass ratio than lower mass stars. We recommend that a method similar to the one developed in this paper be used for other events with high angular resolution follow-up observations when the follow-up observations are insufficient to measure the lens-source relative proper motion.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and presents pathologically with Lewy pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Lewy pathology contains ...aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn), a protein encoded by the SNCA gene which is also mutated or duplicated in a subset of familial PD cases. Due to its predominant presynaptic localization, immunostaining for the protein results in a diffuse reactivity pattern, providing little insight into the types of cells expressing αSyn. As a result, insight into αSyn expression-driven cellular vulnerability has been difficult to ascertain. Using a combination of knock-in mice that target αSyn to the nucleus (Snca
) and in situ hybridization of Snca in wild-type mice, we systematically mapped the topography and cell types expressing αSyn in the mouse brain, spinal cord, retina, and gut. We find a high degree of correlation between αSyn protein and RNA levels and further identify cell types with low and high αSyn content. We also find high αSyn expression in neurons, particularly those involved in PD, and to a lower extent in non-neuronal cell types, notably those of oligodendrocyte lineage, which are relevant to multiple system atrophy pathogenesis. Surprisingly, we also found that αSyn is relatively absent from select neuron types, e.g., ChAT-positive motor neurons, whereas enteric neurons universally express some degree of αSyn. Together, this integrated atlas provides insight into the cellular topography of αSyn, and provides a quantitative map to test hypotheses about the role of αSyn in network vulnerability, and thus serves investigations into PD pathogenesis and other α-synucleinopathies.
Abstract
The iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (iThemba LABS) is a centre of expertise and innovation in the field of nuclear-structure physics and is a leader in several high-impact ...studies. One of the highlights of these nuclear-structure experiments is the study of the broad structure of the IsoVector Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR) in the rare-earth region. Proton inelastic scattering experiments with
E
p
= 200 MeV were performed on the even-even Nd isotope chain and
152
Sm at very forward scattering angles including zero degrees with the K600 magnetic spectrometer. The evolution of the shape of the IVGDR in the transition from spherical to deformed nuclei was investigated. One of the goals of this highlighted study was to confirm the
K
-splitting observed in previous photo-absorption measurements from Saclay. Significant discrepancies were found between the direct (γ, xn) data obtained at Saclay and the equivalent photo-absorption cross sections obtained using (p, p′) data from the K600. Furthermore, discrepancies exist for several nuclei between photo-absorption data taken at the Saclay and Livermore laboratories. These discrepancies, possible reasons for them and future investigations will be presented and discussed.
The aim of this study was to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as possible non-invasive markers to monitor the inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ...patients as a result of repeated and prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. We included 18 IBD patients and 19 non-IBD individuals who each completed a 30, 40, or 50 km walking exercise over three consecutive days. Breath and blood samples were taken before the start of the exercise event and every day post-exercise to assess changes in the VOC profiles and cytokine concentrations. Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to measure exhaled breath VOCs. Multivariate analysis, particularly ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), was employed to extract relevant ions related to exercise and IBD. Prolonged exercise induces a similar response in breath butanoic acid and plasma cytokines for participants with or without IBD. Butanoic acid showed a significant correlation with the cytokine IL-6, indicating that butanoic acid could be a potential non-invasive marker for exercise-induced inflammation. The findings are relevant in monitoring personalized IBD management.
Background: Both total dose and dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy are postulated to be important variables in the outcome for patients with operable breast cancer. The Cancer and Leukemia Group ...B study 8541 examined the effects of adjuvant treatment using conventional-range dose and dose intensity in female patients with stage II (axillary lymph node-positive) breast cancer. Methods: Within 6 weeks of surgery (radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or lumpectomy), 1550 patients with unilateral breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms: high-, moderate-, or low-dose intensity. The patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5- fluorouracil on day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle, with 5- fluorouracil administration repeated on day 8. The highdose arm had twice the dose intensity and twice the drug dose as the low-dose arm. The moderate-dose arm had two thirds the dose intensity as the high-dose arm but the same total drug dose. Disease-free survival and overall survival were primary end points of the study. Results: At a median follow-up of 9 years, disease-free survival and overall survival for patients on the moderate- and high-dose arms are superior to the corresponding survival measures for patients on the low-dose arm (two-sided P<.0001 and two-sided P = .004, respectively), with no difference in disease-free or overall survival between the moderate- and the high-dose arms. At 5 years, overall survival (average ± standard error) is 79% ± 2% for patients on the high-dose arm, 77% ± 2% for the patients on the moderate-dose arm, and 72% ± 2% for patients on the low-dose arm; disease-free survival is 66% ± 2%, 61% ± 2%, and 56% ± 2%, respectively. Conclusion: Within the conventional dose range for this chemotherapy regimen, a higher dose is associated with better disease-free survival and overall survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90: 1205–11
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