Résumé Introduction Avec l’augmentation du nombre d’internes en formation, la neurochirurgie française est en pleine mutation démographique. L’objectif de cette étude était de dresser un état des ...lieux des conditions de travail et des perspectives des jeunes neurochirurgiens français. Méthode Une enquête informatisée a été adressée à une liste d’internes et jeunes seniors (219 adresses mail obtenue lors de réunions d’enseignement). Le questionnaire comportait des questions sur les perspectives de carrière, la quantité de travail, le salaire, l’ambiance, la qualité de vie, l’encadrement et le travail universitaire. Résultats Au total, 78 réponses ont été obtenues entre janvier et mars 2014. Cinquante-six pour cent des jeunes seniors ont eu des difficultés à obtenir un post-internat mais en sont satisfaits à 78 %. Les seniors étaient plus nombreux à envisager une carrière libérale que les internes. Les jeunes neurochirurgiens semblaient inquiets vis-à-vis de leurs postes futurs et 33 % des sujets avaient un plan de carrière différent de leurs aspirations initiales. Le temps de travail hebdomadaire moyen de 76,8 h était jugé excessif. Le repos de sécurité était absent ou incomplet dans 91 % des cas. Par ailleurs, 81 % des sujets trouvaient leur salaire insuffisant. L’ambiance de travail était globalement bien perçue (3,7/5), de même que la qualité de vie (3,2/5). L’encadrement théorique était jugé insatisfaisant (2,43/5) de même que le temps de travail universitaire de 1,58 demi-journées mensuelle. En revanche, l’encadrement pratique était très bien perçu (3,63/5). Conclusion Ce travail apporte des éléments d’orientation pour les réformes futures, il devra être réitéré pour en évaluer l’efficacité.
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Streaming rendering, e.g., rendering in the cloud and streaming via a mobile connection, suffers from increased latency and unreliable connections. High quality framerate upsampling can hide these ...issues, especially when capturing shading into an atlas and transmitting it alongside geometric information. The captured shading information must consider triangle footprints and temporal stability to ensure efficient video encoding. Previous approaches only consider either temporal stability or sample distributions, but none focuses on both. With SnakeBinning, we present an efficient triangle packing approach that adjusts sample distributions and caters for temporal coherence. Using a multi‐dimensional binning approach, we enforce tight packing among triangles while creating optimal sample distributions. Our binning is built on top of hardware supported real‐time rendering where bins are mapped to individual pixels in a virtual framebuffer. Fragment shader interlock and atomic operations enforce global ordering of triangles within each bin, and thus temporal coherence according to the primitive order is achieved. Resampling the bin distribution guarantees high occupancy among all bins and a dense atlas packing. Shading samples are directly captured into the atlas using a rasterization pass, adjusting samples for perspective effects and creating a tight packing. Comparison to previous atlas packing approaches shows that our approach is faster than previous work and achieves the best sample distributions while maintaining temporal coherence. In this way, SnakeBinning achieves the highest rendering quality under equal atlas memory requirements. At the same time, its temporal coherence ensures that we require equal or less bandwidth than previous state‐of‐the‐art. As SnakeBinning outperforms previous approach in all relevant aspects, it is the preferred choice for texture‐based streaming rendering.
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Tessellated Shading Streaming Hladky, J.; Seidel, H. P.; Steinberger, M.
Computer graphics forum,
July 2019, 2019-07-00, 20190701, Volume:
38, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Presenting high‐fidelity 3D content on compact portable devices with low computational power is challenging. Smartphones, tablets and head‐mounted displays (HMDs) suffer from thermal and battery‐life ...constraints and thus cannot match the render quality of desktop PCs and laptops. Streaming rendering enables to show high‐quality content but can suffer from potentially high latency. We propose an approach to efficiently capture shading samples in object space and packing them into a texture. Streaming this texture to the client, we support temporal frame up‐sampling with high fidelity, low latency and high mobility. We introduce two novel sample distribution strategies and a novel triangle representation in the shading atlas space. Since such a system requires dynamic parallelism, we propose an implementation exploiting the power of hardware‐accelerated tessellation stages. Our approach allows fast de‐coding and rendering of extrapolated views on a client device by using hardware‐accelerated interpolation between shading samples and a set of potentially visible geometry. A comparison to existing shading methods shows that our sample distributions allow better client shading quality than previous atlas streaming approaches and outperforms image‐based methods in all relevant aspects.
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The first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering at high momentum transfer is presented. These data, taken with the H1 detector at HERA, ...are corrected for detector effects using an unbinned machine learning algorithm (multifold), which considers eight observables simultaneously in this first application. The unfolded cross sections are compared with calculations performed within the context of collinear or transverse-momentum-dependent factorization in quantum chromodynamics as well as Monte Carlo event generators.
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Abstract The frequency of intramedullary tumors is 0.5 cases per year for 100,000 inhabitants. The study reported herein was a retrospective study conducted from January 1985 to September 2007. ...Material Seventy-nine cases were distributed in the following manner: ependymomas, 38; astrocytomas, 22; oligodendrogliomas, four; gangliogliomas, two; hemangioblastomas, 10 (nine sporadic cases and one case of Von Hippel-Lindau disease); primitive melanoma, one; and intramedullary neurinomas, two. Three patients were lost to follow-up and 10 patients died. Method All patients were explored using MRI and were operated using a microsurgical technique. Tumor removal was complete in the cases of ependymoma and hemangioblastoma and subtotal in the cases of astrocytoma. Results Ependymoma: 38 cases with three cases of ependymoblastoma. Mean age: 47 years (range, 17–74 years); 17 males and 21 females. Diagnostic delay: less than one year, 11; one year, 15 cases; two years, nine cases; three years, three cases. Seven recurrences with one 35 years after a prior removal. Localizations: cervical and cervicodorsal, 19; dorsal, ten; dorsolumbar, seven; holomedullary, one. Number of levels concerned: 5–12 (with the cysts associated). Mean follow-up was 10 years (range, two months to 35 years). Patients stabilized, 19; worse, six; improved, nine. Patients deceased: four, one by suicide, three cases of ependymoblastoma (survival, seven months). Astrocytomas: 22 cases, with 14 cases of astrocytoma, two pilocytic astrocytoma, four malignant astrocytoma, and two glioblastoma. Mean age: 44 years (range, 22–73 years); 14 males and eight females. Diagnostic delay: malignant tumors, one to nine months; low grades; three to six years (range, eight months to 25 years). Number of levels concerned: two to eight. Mean follow-up: seven years (range, six months to 10 years). Stabilized patients: 13; worse, five; deaths, four. Oligodendroglioma: four cases. Mean age: 58 years; two males and two females. Diagnostic delay: 10 months. Localization: cervical, three; dorsal, one. Oligodendroglioma A, two; B, two. Results: two cases stabilized, one case with recurrence, and one patient deceased. Ganglioglioma: two. Both cases were associated with scoliosis. Recurrence in the eighth month and two years for the second case. One patient died. Hemangioblastoma: 10 cases, nine sporadic and one case of Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Nine cervical localizations, one on the medulla cone. Mean age: 45 years (range, 11–54 years); eight males and two females. Total removal in nine cases. One case of recurrence seven years after a prior surgery and operated a second time with no recurrence after 10 years of follow-up. Intramedullary neurinomas: two cases with a total removal and 15 years of follow-up. Primitive melanoma: one case with mediothoracic location. Treatment with surgery plus radiotherapy. Follow-up, seven years without recurrence. Conclusion Total removal of the intramedullary tumors is a challenge. In cases of removal, the risk of worsening status is 18–19.5%. Subtotal or incomplete removal 27–40% risk of recurrence.
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Due to the increase in the number of French neurosurgeon residents the neurosurgical workforce is changing. The main objective of this survey was to assess working conditions and perspectives for ...young French neurosurgeons.
An on-line survey was sent to young French neurosurgeons based on a mailing-list (219 mail addresses of Residents and Fellows obtained during previous meetings). The form contained questions about career, amount of work, salary, quality of life, teaching and university work.
We received 78 replies from January to March 2014. A total of 56% from fellows saying they had undergone difficulties in obtaining a fellowship, although 78% were satisfied. Fellows considered a private career more often than residents. Overall, young neurosurgeons were worried about future employment. Some 33% admitted contemplating a different career from one they originally wanted. The average weekly working time of 76.8 hours was deemed to be excessive. Security rests after overnight shifts were lacking or incomplete in 91% of cases. The work atmosphere was good overall (3.7/5), and so was the quality of life (3.2/5). Theoretical teaching was unsatisfactory (2.43/5) as well as the time allowed for academic work (approximately 1.58 half-days per month). However, practical teaching was considered rewarding (3.63/5).
This study provides some guidance for upcoming reforms, and should be considered again at a later date to evaluate progress.
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Abstract Background Many obstacles to intrauterine contraception (IUC) use exist, including provider and patient misinformation, high upfront cost and clinician practice patterns. The aim of our ...study was to investigate knowledge and attitudes about IUC among obstetricians and gynecologists in the area of Saint Louis. Study Design We mailed a self-administered, anonymous survey to 250 clinicians who provide obstetric and gynecologic care in Saint Louis City and County which included questions about demographics, training, family planning visits and intrauterine contraceptive knowledge and use. Results The overall survey response rate among eligible clinicians was 73.7%. Clinicians who had recently finished training or saw higher numbers of contraceptive patients per week were more likely to insert IUC than clinicians who completed training prior to 1989 or saw fewer contraceptive patients. Several misconceptions among clinicians were identified, including an association between intrauterine contraceptives and an elevated risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Conclusions Physician misconceptions about the risks of IUC continue to occur. Improved clinician education is greatly needed to facilitate the use of these highly effective, long-acting, reversible methods of contraception.
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